SPRING 2012 COURSE BULLETIN ADDENDUM Updated Course Information and New Course Offerings

INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANIZATION ILO L216: International Humanitarian Law, Cecile Aptel, Thursdays, 3:20-5:20 PM This seminar offers an introduction to international humanitarian law (IHL), the body of law regulating armed conflicts. It retraces its evolution, focusing on efforts to mitigate human suffering in war and on the protection of civilians. It considers the challenges posed to the application of IHL by contemporary armed conflicts and the changing nature of war. The topics discussed include: the principles underpinning IHL, the definition of armed conflicts, the distinction between combatants and civilians, the regulation of private military and security companies, humanitarian action during armed conflict, the use of child-soldiers, piracy, rape as a weapon of war, and other war crimes. ILO L237: Mergers and Acquisitions: An International Perspective, John Burgess, Mondays, 3:20-5:20 PM This full term one credit seminar reviews the structuring, negotiation and implementation of cross-border merger and acquisition transactions, taking into account applicable issues of international law and national practice. The course discusses alternative forms of transaction structure and the underlying tax and legal considerations considered for choosing particular approaches. We will also analyze different forms of acquisition agreements, review the role and application of key transactional concepts, and analyze how they are addressed in the context of specific transactions. We will take the opportunity to review the typical areas of negotiation in the acquisition of private and public companies, and evaluate how those negotiations are affected by international regulatory, legal and fiscal considerations. The course will review trends in deal terms drawing on recent transactions involving North American, European, and Asian companies. ILO L239m/EIB B239m: Corporate Governance in International Business and Finance, Jeswald Salacuse, Thursdays, 3:20-5:20 PM Jeswald Salacuse is teaching both of these modular (one half credit) courses in the second half of the spring term. The course description is published in the Course Bulletin. ILO L251: Comparative Legal Systems, Malcolm Russell-Einhorn, Mondays, 5:30-7:30 PM Malcolm Russell-Einhorn is teaching this course in the spring term. The course description is published in the Course Bulletin. DIPLOMACY, HISTORY AND POLITICS DHP D232m: Gender, Culture and Conflict in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies, Dyan Mazurana and Elizabeth Stites, Mondays, 8:45-10:45 AM and Fridays, 1:00-3:00 PM Dyan Mazurana and Elizabeth Stites are teaching this course as a one credit modular course in the second half of the term. (Previously, the course was offered as a full term course.) The course description is published in the Course Bulletin. DHP D235: Field Research Methods, Karen Jacobsen, Fridays, 10:30 AM-12:30 PM This course is a full term, one credit course (previously offered as the modular course, DHP D235m: Field Research Methods in Humanitarian Settings). This course is about conducting field research, i.e., primary data collection, in unfamiliar settings. We begin by reviewing the main methodological approaches used in empirical social science research, and how these methods sometimes need to be adapted, given the difficulties of conducting rigorous and ethical research in field settings. The course also addresses the question of why we go to the trouble of conducting rigorous empirical research. We explore the relationship between research and policymaking, the meaning of so-called evidence-based policy, and how academics can assist practitioners with their work. Can empirical research contribute to the alleviation of violence and conflict? The course is intended both to help students design their own research protocols and field methods, and to develop a critical perspective on the research done by others. Specific course objectives are to: (1) develop an understanding of social science strategies for conducting methodologically sound and theoretically relevant field research; (2) develop students skills in conducting field work; (3) develop a critical awareness of the ethical and practical problems related to field research; (4) enhance students ability to evaluate the scientific merits of published materials; (5) explore the ways in which research relates to policy change and the work of practitioners. DHP D239: Forced Migration, Karen Jacobsen, Wednesdays, 3:20-5:20 PM This course is a full term, one credit course (integrates both of the previously offered modular courses, DHP D239m-01: Introduction to Forced Migration, and DHP D239m-02: Critical Issues in Forced Migration). The course description is published in the Course Bulletin. DHP D250: Water Diplomacy III, William Moomaw, Tuesdays/Thursdays, 1:55-3:10 PM This course is a synthesis of science, policy and politics of water and builds on the concepts and methodologies covered in Water Diplomacy I and II. It will focus on water conflicts, negotiations and cooperation, and integrate scientific origins of water conflicts from emerging ideas from theory and practice of complexity and negotiation. It will emphasize both quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyzing water conflicts through negotiations using recent advances in collective actions in managing common pool resources with mutual gains approach within an analytical framework of water diplomacy. Students will test their understanding of these principles and approaches by participating in a new complex negotiation simulation exercises on water cooperation and conflicts we call Indopotamia.

DIPLOMACY, HISTORY AND POLITICS (CONTINUED) DHP D283m: US-European Relations in the Last Decades, Klaus Scharioth, Tuesdays 5:30 7:30 PM This one half credit modular course in the second half of the term examines US - European relations since the Berlin Wall was brought down in November 1989. The seminar looks at various common challenges and how they were dealt with: e.g., the unification of Germany, enlargement of NATO and EU, the interventions in Bosnia and Kosovo, 9/11 and the threat of violent extremism, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, missile defense as well as climate change. The emphasis is on practice rather than theory: what happened on both sides of the Atlantic in each case and why? Students are required to write short memos for political leaders on different issues. DHP H203: The International Relations of the China Seas, John Perry, Fridays, 1:00-3:00 PM John Perry is teaching this course in the spring term. The course description is published in the Course Bulletin. DHP H272: China: From 'Sick Man' to Superpower (1800-2012), Joshua Hill, Mondays and Wednesdays, 1:55-3:10 PM The extraordinary changes in todays China are the focus of fascination, anxiety, and confusion (sometimes all at once) both inside and outside of China. Though seemingly sudden, these changes have deep roots in Chinese history. This lecture course will explore the connections between contemporary China and the recent Chinese past by presenting a basic narrative of Chinese political, economic, and foreign policy history during the last two centuries. No background in Chinese history is required. DHP P207: GIS for International Applications, Patrick Florance and Barbara Parmenter, Tuesdays and Thursdays, 8:15-9:30 AM This course (limited to 24 students) introduces students to the use of geospatial technologies, data and analysis focusing on applications in the international context. The course gives primary emphasis to the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for data creation, mapping, and analysis. It will also cover the use of global positioning systems (GPS) for field data collection and mapping; cartography for high quality visualization of conditions, issues, and analysis results in a given locale; and the use of map mash-ups and crowd sourcing in the international arena. Final projects are large-format poster info-graphics. More detailed course information is available at: https://wikis.uit.tufts.edu/confluence/display/GISINT/Home. Examples of student final projects can be viewed here: https://wikis.uit.tufts.edu/confluence/display/GISatTufts/2011+GIS+Poster+Expo+Gallery. DHP P213: Rights-Based Approach to Design, Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning, Bridget Snell and Ashley Tsongas, Thursdays, 5:30 PM-7:30 PM This course addresses the more practical elements of The Rights-Based Approach (RBA), which considers how to design, monitor, evaluate and learn at this new standard. We will explore the fundamental principles of a Rights Based Approach, and consider the essential program design elements that bring the theory into practice. We will look at how to analyze peoples rights conditions and power position within society, and we will make use of analytical tools that assist us in identifying leverage points for change. We will both design and evaluate programs using theories of change as a basis for spurring systemic change over time and consider the inter-relationship between various project interventions to broader impact goals. We will consider how a rights-based approach implies a higher standard of accountability, to account directly to people affected by program interventions and to learn and make improvements. The course will also cover the subject of Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL). We will look at current ideological debates about how to best measure change over time and consider the relationship between evaluation, accountability and learning. What is required for evaluations to be used and useful for decision-making? How can we incorporate this thinking into program design? Each student will be engaged in designing a simple impact evaluation that will challenge students to make important decisions to tailor their evaluation to context and conditions. DHP P224: Culture Capital and Development, Miguel Basanez, Wednesdays, 5:30-7:30 PM This course is offered in the spring term with Miguel Basanez. The course description is published in the Course Bulletin. DHP P277: Topics in Chinese Foreign Policy, Joshua Hill, Thursdays, 5:30-7:30 PM This seminar introduces students to major issues in the contemporary foreign relations of the Peoples Republic of China. Each week will feature a different guest lecturer who is a prominent authority on Chinese politics, economics, or foreign policy. In addition to participation in the seminar, students will complete a major research paper on a Chinese foreign policy topic of their choice. DHP P273: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinas Rise, Toshi Yoshihara, Wednesdays, 5:30-7:30 PM This course is built around two key questions surrounding Chinas rise: How will China rise? Where will this rise take China? To address these two deceptively simple questions, this course relies on the concept of strategy. In the broadest sense, strategy is the relationship between ends and means. For the purposes of this course, strategy is understood as the nexus between a nations long-term goals and the various implements of national powerdiplomatic, economic, military, and cultural toolsto achieve those objectives. To sharpen the analytical focus, this course focuses primarily on the hard dimensions of Chinas national power, which encompasses such material factors as geography, resources, economic size, and military power. In the spirit of the Fletcher Schools multidisciplinary approach, this course draws on a variety of academic disciplines, including international relations, history, strategic studies, and political science, to inform the study of China. By integrating these various perspectives, this course furnishes to students a range of analytical tools to assess the complexities, ambiguities, and uncertainties surrounding Chinas rise. A mix of lectures, interactive seminar discussions, classic readings, and case studies will be employed to enrich student understanding of Chinas past, present, and future. The course will add value by exposing students to contemporary Chinese perspectives and to the divisive debates among China watchers over Beijing's rise.

DIPLOMACY, HISTORY AND POLITICS (CONTINUED) DHP P278m: Political Economy and Business Context of China, Jeffrey Rosenberg and Joseph Fewsmith, Wednesdays, 5:30-6:45 PM This is a full term one half credit modular course. China introduced a new brand of economic reform in 1980 that has evolved into SocialCapitalism with Chinese Characteristics. As the tealeaves settled, the government appears to tolerate and even encourage selective entrepreneurial initiatives and at the same time intervene throughout the business value chain to create regulatory and policy obstacles to China being a transparent market economy. This course focuses on how politics and business have knocked heads for 30 years in China and, in spite of this, what circumstances combined that resulted in China becoming the worlds second largest economy and whether the existing one party system is sustainable given the globalization and interconnected nature of the worlds economic system. ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS EIB E262: The Economics of Global Health in Developing Countries, Mondays, Shinsuke Tanaka, 3:20-5:20 PM This course examines economic aspects of public health issues in developing countries. The objectives of this course are; (1) to explorer what we know about the challenges of global health in poor countries, (2) to familiarize students with an analytical and empirical framework to critically evaluate health problems, using the tools in applied microeconomics, and (3) help students prepare for conducting empirical research in the related fields. Topics include: global burden of disease, income and health, education and health, environment and health, child health, HIV/AIDS, malaria, family planning, and health systems. EIB E217m: Managerial Economics, Daniel Richards, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, 9:40-10:55 AM This one half-credit course will meet in the second half of the term. The course description is published in the Course Bulletin. EIB B236: Strategy, Innovation and Uncertainty in the Evolving Context of International Business, Bhaskar Chakravorti, Tuesdays, 5:30-7:30 PM This course will prepare students with conceptual frameworks and practical approaches to addressing strategy and innovation questions such as: What constitutes sustains or disrupts competitive advantage for international businesses? How does the international context create distinctively different sources of competitive advantage? If innovation involves new market spaces, then in what ways does the rise of emerging markets change the opportunities for innovation and its influence on the strategic choice for such enterprises? How do non-business factors prevalent in these new markets (e.g. geopolitics, development challenges, sociological factors, demographic pressures) introduce uncertainty and affect choice? Do the answers change depending on whether the decision-maker is a developed market MNC or an emerging market MNC? How do such decisions address fundamental socio-economic challenges of the emerging markets? The course progresses in four phases following an initial setting of the stage. The first phase lays the foundations of strategy and then subsequent phases build on it by considering strategy in a global context, how innovation expands the strategic choice space and how emerging markets expand it even further. The grade is based on class discussions about cases, a project and a final exam. Cases include a wide range of organizations such as Netflix, Wikipedia, Zara, Haier, Tata, MTV, Aravind Eye Care, etc. The geographic settings include several emerging markets as well as North America and Europe. EIB B271m: Socio-Economic and Business Environment of India, Partha Ghosh, Tuesdays and Thursdays, 11:05 AM-12:20 PM This one half credit modular course is offered in the second half of the term. Help students develop a deep an understanding of the complexities of (i) policy making and policy execution, and (ii) the emerging business environment in India, so that either as an executive working for multinationals in India or as a member of the executive team of an Indian business house or of an entrepreneurial venture, he/she will have the ability to design and develop, manage or improve innovative solutions/business models both for both privileged and less privileged segments of India.

Courses Not Offered in Spring 2012

ILO L236m: Securities Regulations: An International Perspective, John Burgess DHP D271: International Relations of the United States and East Asia: 1945 to Present, Sung-Yoon Lee. DHP P275: North Korean State and Society, Sung-Yoon Lee DHP P203: Analytic Frameworks for Public Policy Decisions, Carolyn Gideon nd EIB B291m: International Leadership will not be taught in the spring 2012 term and is not required for 2 year MIB students.

Fields of Study Updates

L237: Mergers and Acquisitions - include in Business and Economic Law Field, International Business Relations Field and Strategic Management and Consultancy Field D250: Water Diplomacy III - include in International Environment and Resource Policy Field L216: International Humanitarian Law - may include as elective in Public Intl Law Field, International Organizations, International Security Studies and Humanitarian Studies P273: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinas Rise - include as elective in Pacific Asia Field and Security Studies Field H272: China: From Sick Man to Superpower (1800-2012) - include in Pacific Asia Field P277: Topics in Chinese Foreign Policy - include as elective in Pacific Asia Field E246: Environmental Economics - include as elective in Development Economics Field E262: Economics of Global Health - include as elective in Development Economics Field B236: Strategy, Innovation, and Uncertainty in the Evolving Context of International Business may be used to satisfy the required course requirement for the Strategic Management and International Consultancy field of study.

General Information Update

The following courses may be counted toward the Economics breadth requirement: o EIB E241: Development Economics: Policy Analysis o EIB E242: Development Economics: Micro Perspectives

Proposed course to be confirmed: XXX XXX: European Union Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, Erwan Lagadec, Alan Henrikson, Michalis Psalidopoulos Mondays, 5:30-7:30 PM The European Commission has awarded the Fletcher School a three-year Jean Monnet grant to develop a new program of studies in partnership with EU institutions in Brussels and the EU Delegation in Washington, D.C. The program will examine the creation of the European Unions External Action Service the new overarching diplomatic service created by the EU in the wake of the Lisbon Treaty as well as post-Lisbon evolutions of the EUs foreign and security policy. The coming months and years will be critical in the development and maturation of these new instruments. The European Union simultaneously is called upon to resolve the attendant organizational challenges, while also adapting to a quickly evolving strategic landscape that combines the ongoing economic crisis; an unstable neighborhood (e.g., frozen conflicts in the Caucasus, Arab spring); and a shift in the global allocation of power. In addition to a dedicated online portal, the core of the program will take the shape of a module taught by Fletchers Europeanist faculty. The course will comprise 13 sessions, with additional roundtables and seminars chaired by European diplomats. The program will be open to students from other Boston-area universities. The program will provide students with a policy-relevant understanding of current EU diplomacy, foreign policy, and defense. In addition, the program will enhance students contacts and professional opportunities among EU institutions.

Faculty Biographies
Faculty biographies are published in the Course Bulletin; listed below are the biographies of new faculty members. Joseph Fewsmith, Professor of International Relations and Political Science as well as Director of the Boston University Center for the Study of Asia, nd is the author or editor of six books, including most recently China Today, China Tomorrow (2010) and China since Tiananmen (2 edition, 2008). His current project is The Logic and Limits of Political Reform in China. He is very active in the China field, traveling to China frequently and presenting papers at professional conferences such as the Association for Asian Studies and the American Political Science Association. He is one of the six regular contributors to China Leadership Monitor, a quarterly web publication analyzing current developments in China, and publishes regularly in academic journals and books. He is also an associate of the John King Fairbank Center for East Asian Studies at Harvard University and the Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer Range Future at Boston University. Patrick Florance Patrick Florance is the Manager of Geospatial Technology Services at Tufts University and Adjunct Lecturer at Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy and at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy. He directs all geospatial technology services at Tufts and teaches courses and workshops on GIS and International Disaster Management, GIS for International Applications, GIS for Public Health, GIS for Human and Animal Health, Crisis Mapping, Introduction to GPS for Field Data Collection, and many others. Currently Patrick is editing a special Crisis Mapping edition of The Journal of Map & Geography Libraries. Patrick has worked as a senior geospatial consultant and project manager on numerous projects and grants relating to international health, natural resources, and disasters over the last ten years. Previously Patrick was the digital cartography specialist at Harvard University. He has worked in a variety of private, academic, and public environments including New York City Planning. Joshua Hill received his PhD in modern Chinese history from Harvard University. His dissertation, entitled, "Voting as a Rite: Changing Ideas of Elections in Early Twentieth Century China," uses archival and rare library materials to investigate popular perceptions of voting in mainland China from the reign of the last emperors to the early years of the Communist government. Before graduate school, he spent several years as an English teacher in Chinese schools in mainland China's Zhejiang and Hunan provinces. His research interests include the political history of Republican China, the history of Chinese newspapers, and the circulation of political ideas. Barbara Parmenter teaches the Geographic Information System (GIS) courses in the Department of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning. As a staff member in Tufts Academic Technology group, she also provides guidance in GIS and spatial analysis for researchers across the Tufts system, and develops university-wide GIS resources to enhance the spatial analysis capabilities of Tufts faculty, researchers, and students. She earned a Ph.D. in Geography from The University of Texas at Austin, and a BA in Arabic from the University of Chicago. Her primary interests focus on the evolution of cities, towns, and metropolitan regions, from the micro-scale of the local built environment to the macro-scale of regional cultural, social, and physical landscapes. Her recent research collaborations include a National Institute of Health grant to study the influence of neighborhood factors on the maintenance of physical activity in minority women in Texas, and two EPA grants examining the impacts of urbanization on regional climate change. She is the author of Giving Voice to Stones: Place and Identity in Palestinian Literature (The University of Texas Press, 1994), and has translated two books of short stories by Arab women writers (On the Waiting List: An Iraqi Woman's Tales of Alienation, by Daisy al-Amir, 1995; and Year of the Elephant: A Moroccan Woman's Journey Toward Independence, by Leila Abuzeid, 1989, both published by the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas at Austin).

Faculty Biographies (Continued)

Jeffrey Rosenberg has been involved with China since his youth. Beginning in 1980 when China opened to foreign business, Jeffrey has been providing investment advice, and setting up and operating businesses focused in financial services, commodities, life sciences, consumer products, telecommunications and real estate. Prior to living and working there, as a college student in the 1970s, he pursued study of Chinese language, history, traditional medicine and philosophy in Taiwan and at UC Berkeley. Jeffrey has a keen understanding of the nuances of the Chinese business culture. He has established networks and access to proprietary business opportunities for which he creates partnerships with Chinese government agencies, individuals and business entities that are based on trust and mutually successful outcomes. Jeffrey understands how business decisions are made in China and navigates the intricate and multilayered relationships required to successfully operate there. His experience includes direct investing, investment advisory, operations, manufacturing and supply chain, regulatory compliance, and product distribution. Jeffrey has taught business cases at Harvard Business School and lectured at Hult International business School related to his activities, and has spoken at conferences and seminars on doing business in China. He has lived extensively in Asia and is fluent in Chinese, French and Spanish. Malcolm Russell-Einhorn, a lawyer, has spent most of his professional career in the international development arena, having worked for a variety of organizations engaged in legal, regulatory, and public administration reform initiatives in developing and transition countries. Most recently, he has served as Research Professor of Public Administration and Director of the Center for International Development in the Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy at the State University of New York at Albany (SUNY/CID). There, he directs a staff of 18, who in turn work on, or oversee, field projects with over 120 local staff in Bangladesh, Bosnia, Kenya, Uganda, Afghanistan, Haiti, and Lebanon, providing technical assistance and training in the areas of parliamentary development, local government reform, and legal and regulatory reform. He also works on a number of research initiatives involving administrative and regulatory reform overseas. He has taught courses on Law, Public Policy, and Economic Development in Brandeis Universitys Sustainable International Development (SID) Program and American Universitys Washington College of Law, administrative law at Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy, and comparative law courses at Georgetown University Law Center and the Boston College and Boston University Law Schools. Klaus Scharioth is Professor of Practice at the Fletcher School and Dean of the Mercator College for International Affairs in Berlin. He was a member of the German Foreign Service for more than 35 years. He witnessed the cases discussed in the seminar in different positions, among them: Director of the Private Office of the NATO Secretary General, Head of the Office of the German Foreign Minister, Political Director of the German Foreign Office, State Secretary as well as German Ambassador to the US. Bridget Snell has a career spanning over 20 years in corporate and non-profit management in the United States and internationally. She currently serves as the Organizational Learning and Knowledge Manager of Oxfam America, and has been an adjunct professor at Brandeis University since 2006. In the early 2000s, Bridget was part of a small project team that established the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), an international nongovernmental institution that develops guidelines for corporations and other organizations to report on their social, environmental and economic performance. From 2000 2002, she guided strategic planning and organizational development efforts for the institution, including incorporation of the Secretariat and design of an innovative multi-stakeholder network-based governance structure. In 2004, Bridget joined Oxfam America and has played a major role in defining the agencys standards for program design and evaluation, as well as instituting new development management practices for organizational accountability and learning. She has been serving on the organizations Board of Directors since 2010. Ms. Snell is a graduate of Wheaton College, magna cum laude, and has a Masters in International and Intercultural Management from the SIT Graduate Institute. Elizabeth Stites is Senior Researcher for Conflict and Livelihoods at the Feinstein International Center and has been a member of Tufts faculty at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy since 2006. Elizabeth and Dyan have worked together since 2003 in Afghanistan, Bosnia and Uganda, and Elizabeth is currently leading projects in Uganda and Nepal. Elizabeth and Dyan last taught this course together in Spring 2010, prior to Elizabeths maternity leave. Ashley Tsongas has 12 years of experience in global development program and project design, execution, and oversight, with a focus on programming that addresses poverty and the underlying imbalances in power. She is currently managing Oxfam Americas engagement in a major organizational change process to align the programming and operations of the Oxfam confederations 14 affiliates. Ms. Tsongas has been an advisory member of Oxfam Americas Executive Leadership Team since 2008. Ms. Tsongas helped to launch and execute Oxfams $10 million postHurricane Katrina program, which included grant-making and technical support to national, state and local partner organizations, commissioning and publishing research, lobbying, and media. With partners, Oxfam secured $700 million in housing recovery grants for low-income households in Mississippi, the result of a 2006 campaign by Oxfam and local and national leaders exposing inequalities in the states housing recovery plan. She supported the creation of new alliances of civil society organizations in Mississippi and Louisiana that are still active in post-Katrina recovery and BP oil spill reparations. As a member of the global Oxfam humanitarian response and advocacy network, she developed strategies and advocated for effective humanitarian response in Ethiopia, Niger, and tsunami-affected countries with donor governments, US Congress, international institutions, and media. Ms. Tsongas is a graduate of Yale University and has a Masters of Arts in Law and Diplomacy from the Fletcher School. She was a Peace Corps volunteer in Amparafaravola, Madagascar. Toshi Yoshihara is Professor of Strategy and John A. van Beuren Chair of Asia-Pacific Studies at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. Previously, he was a visiting professor in the Strategy Department at the Air War College. Dr. Yoshihara has also served as an analyst at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, RAND, and the American Enterprise Institute. He is co-author of Red Star over the Pacific: China's Rise and the Challenge to U.S. Maritime Strategy (Naval Institute Press, 2010), Indian Naval Strategy in the Twenty-first Century (Routledge, 2009), and Chinese Naval Strategy in the Twenty-first Century: The Turn to Mahan (Routledge, 2008). He is also co-editor of Asia Looks Seaward: Power and Maritime Strategy (Praeger, 2008). Dr. Yoshihara holds a Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University.
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