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Chapter 17 45

Chapter 17 Neutralization and Salts

A. Multiple Choice Questions (b) (i) Iron(II) oxide dissolves in the


acid and reacts to produce a
1. C. 40 cm3 of 2 M nitric acid and green solution.
40 cm3 of 2 M potassium hydroxide (ii) Iron(II) chloride and water
solution (iii) FeO(s) + 2HCl(aq)
2. D. (1), (2) and (3)  FeCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
3. C. (iv) FeO(s) + 2H+(aq)
 Fe2+(aq) + H2O(l)
(c) (i) An increase in temperature is
measured.
(ii) Calcium sulphate and water
(iii) H2SO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)
 CaSO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(iv) H+(aq) + OH(aq)
4. D. (1), (2) and (4) only  H2O(l)
5. B. (2) and (3) only (d) (i) An increase in temperature is
6. A. (1) and (4) only measured.
7. C. (2) and (3) only (ii) Ammonium phosphate
8. B. Magnesium hydroxide (iii) H3PO4(aq) + 3NH3(aq)
9. A. Ca2+(aq) and SO42 (aq)  (NH4)3PO4(aq)
+
10. C False, True (iv) H (aq) + NH3(aq)
11. B True, True  NH4+(aq)
12. C. False, True
2. To test the presence of sodium ions, the
B. Fill in the Blanks salt is put into a blue Bunsen flame. If it
gives a persistent golden yellow flame, the
salt should contain sodium ions.
1. alkali, water
To test the presence of chloride ions, a
2. exothermic
small amount of salt is put in distilled
3. Salts, hydrogen, ammonium
water until it dissolves completely. Add
C. Comprehensive Questions acidified silver nitrate solution to it. If a
white precipitate is formed, it should be a
1. (a) (i) An increase in temperature is chloride.
measured. Silver nitrate + Sodium chloride
(ii) Potassium nitrate and water  Silver chloride + Sodium nitrate
(iii) KOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) (white solid)
 KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) 3. (a) X may be copper.
(iv) H (aq) + OH(aq)
+ (b) Cu(s) + H2SO4(aq)
 H2O(l)  CuSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Chapter 17 Solutions (EE).doc


46 Part 4

(c) (i) The solution changes from 7. (a) Disodium hydrogenphosphate


blue to deep blue. (b) Phosphoric acid
(ii) CuSO4(aq) + 4NH3(aq) (c) H3PO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq)
(blue)  Na2HPO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
 [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq) + SO42(aq) (d) (i) An increase in temperature is
(deep blue) measured.
(ii) Na2HPO4(aq) + NaOH(aq)
4. HKCEE Question  Na3PO4(aq) + H2O(l)
5. (a) (4) because among the four
combinations, (4) forms the smallest 8. (a) (i) Potassium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid
amount of water/involves the
(ii) KOH(aq) + HCl(aq)
smallest amount of hydrogen ions
and hydroxide ions in the reaction.  KCl(aq) + H2O(l)
(b) (1) because among the four (iii) K+(aq) + Cl(aq)
combinations, (1) forms the second  KCl(aq)
smallest amount of water/involves (iv) Normal salt
the second smallest amount of (b) (i) Sodium hydroxide and
hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in carbonic acid
the reaction. However, the second (ii) 2NaOH(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
smallest energy released is spread in  Na2CO3(aq) + 2H2O(l)
the second largest volume. (iii) 2Na+(aq) + CO32 (aq)
(c) (3) because among the four  Na2CO3(aq)
combinations, (3) forms the second (iv) Normal salt
largest amount of water/involves the (c) (i) Magnesium hydroxide and
second largest amount of hydrogen dilute sulphuric acid
ions and hydroxide ions in the (ii) Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
reaction. However, the second  MgSO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
largest energy released is spread in (iii) Mg2+(aq) + SO42(aq)
the smallest volume.  MgSO4(aq)
(iv) Normal salt
6. An acid salt is a compound formed when (d) (i) Sodium hydroxide and dilute
only part of the ionizable hydrogen atoms sulphuric acid
of a polybasic acid are replaced by (ii) NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
metallic ions or ammonium ions.  NaHSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
Example of acid salt: sodium (iii) Na+(aq) + HSO4(aq)
hydrogensulphate  NaHSO4(aq)
A normal salt is a compound formed when (iv) Acid salt
all the ionizable hydrogen atoms of an (e) (i) Potassium hydroxide and
acid are replaced by metallic ions or carbonic acid
ammonium ions. (ii) KOH(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
Example of normal salt: sodium sulphate  KHCO3(aq) + H2O(l)
(iii) K (aq) + HCO3(aq)
+

 KHCO3(aq)
(iv) Acid salt

Chapter 17 Solutions (EE).doc


Chapter 17 47

9. (a) It is an acid salt. Because it contains funnel. Wash the residue (i.e.
ionizable hydrogen atoms. magnesium carbonate) with a
(b) It is acidic because hydrogen large amount of distilled water.
sulphate ions (HSO4) can ionize to Dry the residue with a piece of
form hydrogen ions (H+) in water. filter paper, an oven or an
(c) H3PO4(aq) + KOH(aq) infrared lamp.
 KH2PO4(aq) + H2O(l)
(d) (i) An increase in temperature is (c) (i) Soluble
measured. (ii) Potassium hydroxide and nitric
(ii) KH2PO4(aq) + KOH(aq) acid
 K2HPO4(aq) + H2O(l) (iii) KOH(aq) + HNO3(aq)
 KNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
10. (a) (i) Soluble (iv) Mix the exact amounts of
(ii) Zinc and copper(II) sulphate potassium hydroxide solution
(iii) Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) and nitric acid through titration.
 ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Heat the solution to
(iv) Add zinc to copper(II) concentrate it. Every minute,
sulphate solution until zinc is dip a glass rod into the
in excess. Filter off the excess solution and take it out. If the
zinc. Heat the solution to immersed end becomes
concentrate it. Every minute, “cloudy” within several
dip a glass rod into the seconds, the solution is
solution and take it out. If the concentrated enough. Then,
immersed end becomes stop heating. On cooling the
“cloudy” within several hot concentrated solution,
seconds, the solution is crystals of potassium nitrate
concentrated enough. Then, form. Filter the saturated
stop heating. On cooling the solution to obtain potassium
hot concentrated solution, nitrate crystals. Wash and dry
crystals of zinc sulphate form. the potassium nitrate crystals.
Filter the saturated solution to
obtain zinc sulphate crystals. 11. HKCEE Question
Wash and dry the zinc sulphate
crystals. 12. Soil pH control / Industrial waste disposal
(b) (i) Insoluble / Medicinal use of anti-acids / Production
(ii) Magnesium hydroxide and of fertilizers (Any two)
carbonic acid
(iii) Mg(OH)2(s) + H2CO3(aq) D. Essay-type Question
 MgCO3(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(iv) Mix magnesium hydroxide 1. HKCEE Question
and carbonic acid together in a
beaker and stir thoroughly
with a glass rod. Filter the
reaction mixture with a piece
of filter paper in the filter

Chapter 17 Solutions (EE).doc

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