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Exam1 1. In a study of a weight loss program, 40 subjects lost a mean of 3.4lbs after 12 months.

Methods of statistics can be used to show that if this diet had no effect, the likelihood of getting these results is roughly 4 chances in 1000. Does the weight loss program have statistical significance? Yes, because the results are unlikely to occur by chance Does the weight loss program have practical significance? No, someone starting a weight loss program would likely want to lose considerably more than 3.4 lbs. 2. A study compared surgery and splinting for subject suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome. It was found that among 74 patients treated with surgery, there was a 95% success rate. Among 84 patients treated with splints, there was a 74% success rate. Calculations using those results showed that really is no difference in success rates between surgery and splints, then there is about 1 chance in 1000 of getting success rates like the ones obtained in this study. a. should we conclude that surgery is better than splints for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome? Yes, surgery appears to have a substantially better success rate. b. Does the result have statistical significance? Why or why not? Yes, the given success rates are too unlikely to occur by chance if there is no difference between the two treatment methods. c. Does the result have practical significance? Yes, the difference in success rates is large enough to be considered practically significant. d. Should surgery be the recommended treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome? Yes, surgery appears to have a substantially higher success rate than splints. 3. determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. In a study of all 3038 seniors at a college, it is found that 25% own a vehicle. Parameter because the value is a numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a population. 4. a particular country has 60 total states. if the areas of 35 states are added and the sum is divided by 35, the result is 187,172 square kilometers. Determine whether this result is a statistic or a parameter. The result is a statistic because it describes some characteristic of a sample. 5. determine whether the value is from a discrete or continuous data set. Number of coins in a jar is 78. Discrete. 6. Determine whether the value given is from a discrete or continuous data set. When a car is randomly selected and weighed, it is found to weigh 1963.9kg. A continuous data set because there are infinitely many possible values. 7. the Gallup organization contacts 1805 undergraduates who attend a college and live outside the United States and asks whether or not they had taken a course in

conversational English during their studies. a. What is the population in the study? Undergraduates who attend a college and live outsife the United States. b. what is the sample in the study? The 1805 undergraduates who attend a college and live outside the United States. 8. some people responded to this request: Dial 1-900-PRO-LIFE to participate in a telephone poll on abortion. ($2.95 per minute. Average call: 3minutes. You must be 19 years old.) a. Identify the sample. The sample is all individual who responded. b. identify the population. The population is all individuals who are at least 19 years of age. c. is the sample likely to be representative of the population? No, the sample is not likely to be representative of the population because those with strong opinions about abortion are more likely to respond. 9. Based on a study of ages of men and women who have children, a researcher concludes that being a parent causes people to age. Do you agree with this conclusion? No, there may be a relationship between having children and the age of an adult, but that does not mean that one causes the other. 10. Several studies showed that when eating a diet low in red meat, subject had decreased cholesterol. High cholesterol levels have been associated with increased risk of heart disease and stroke. A poultry farmers organization financed this research. What is wrong with this study? Self-interest study 11. identify the type of sampling used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. To estimate the percentage of defects in a recent manufacturing batch, a quality control manager at IBM selects every 11th computer that comes off the assembly line starting with the sixth until she obtains a sample of 150 computers. Systematic 12. To determine her body temp., Debra divides up her day into three parts: morning, afternoon, and evening. She the measures her body temp. at 3 randomly selected times during each part of the day. Which types of sampling is used? Stratified. 13. Identify the class width, class midpoints, and class boundaries for the given frequency distribution. Class width = down2 down1 1st Class midpoint = (min1 + max1)/2 1st class boundary = (2rd class boundary class width) 2rd Class boundary = (max1 + min2)/2 14. Construct one table that includes relative frequencies based on the frequency

distributions shown below, then compare the amounts of tar in nonfiltered and filtered cigarettes. Do the cigarette filters appear to be effective? a.

b. Do cigarette filters appear to be effective? Yes, because the relative frequency of the higher tar classes is greater for nonfiltered cigarettes. 15. Construct the cumulative frequency distribution for the given data. Adding number up follow the order. 16. use the given qualitative data to construct the relative frequency distribution. The 2186 people aboard a ship that sank include 343 male survivors, 1462 males who died, 284 female survivors, and 97 females who died. For example: male survivors (343*100)/2186 = 15.7% 17. the data represents the daily rainfall (in inches) for one month. Construct a frequency distribution beginning with a lower class limit of 0.00 and use a class width of .20. does the frequency distribution appear to be roughly a normal distribution? a. (count the frequency number) b. Does the frequency distribution appear to be roughly a normal distribution? No, the distribution is not symmetric and the frequencies do not start off low. 18. this histogram to the right represents the weights (in pounds) of members of a certain high-school math team. How many team members are included in the histogram? The histogram represents _______ math team members 19. the last digit of the heights of 37 statistics students were obtained as part of an experiment conducted for a class. use the frequency distribution to the right to construct a histogram. a. select the correct histogram b. the data appears to be measured. The heights occur with roughly uniform frequency. 20. the frequency distribution below represents frequencies of actual low temp. recorded during the course of a 31 day month. a. Use the frequency distribution to construct a histogram. b. Do the data appear to have a distribution that is approximately normal? Yes, it is approximately normal. 22. the data represents the heights of eruptions by a geyser. b. uniform 23. the mean = (sum of all values)/ n( number of data values)

Arrage the data in order of increasing magnitude: median = add 2 middle numb/2 midrange = (max + min)/2 total number words = mean*# of pages. Range = (max min) Variance = ((1st # - mean)^2 + (2nd # - mean)^2)/n Standard of variation = SQRTvariance Coeeficient of variation: c.v = ((s.d)/mean)*100% 24. is there a duration time that is very unusual? How might that duration time be explained? Yes, the time of 0 hours is very unusual. It could represent a flight that was aborted. 25. median #1 = median #2 ; but the mean #1 > mean #2 yes, based on the results, words in #1s book are longer than the words in #2s book. 26. Do the means and medians that the temp. Predicted one day in advance are more accurate than those predicted 5 days in advance, as we might expect? No, the means and medians do not indicate any substantial difference in accuracy. 27. Find the mean of the data summarized in the given frequency distribution. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the computed mean and the actual mean? The computed mean is close to the actual mean because the difference between the means is less than 5% 29. the systolic blood pressure of 40 women have a mean of 110.8mm Hg and a standard deviation of 17.1 mm Hg. The highest systolic blood measurement in this sample is 181 mm Hg. In this context, is a systolic blood pressure of 181 mmHg unusual? why or why not? Yes, because it differs from the mean by more than two standard deviations. 30. Identify one reason why the standard deviation from this sample might not be a good estimate of the standard deviation for the population of adults. The standard deviation might not be a good estimate, because the sample is very small. 31. Does the standard deviation change much if the longest playing time is deleted? Yes 32. is there a difference in variation between the two data sets? The costs of tickets purchased 30 days in advance have less variation than the costs of tickets purchased 1 day in advance. ( coefficient of variation of 30 days < coefficient of 1 day).

33. is there a difference in variation between the two data sets? There is no significant difference in the variations. 34. heights of men on a baseball team have a bell-shaped distribution with a mean 178cm and a standard deviation of 8 cm. using the empirical rule, what is the approximate percentage of the men between the following values? (99.7%; 95%; and 68%) 35. Min height = (mean deviation) +/- 2 Max height = (mean +deviation)+/-2 37. Z number = (given number mean)/ standard deviation # 38. five number summary: min, Q1, median, Q2, max

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