2005 NDS Supplement

2005 EDITION
PPLE
ENT
NDS
national
design
specification
DESIGN VALUES FOR

WOOD CONSTRUCTION
American
Forest &
Paper
Association
American Wood Council
Updates and Errata

While every precaution has been taken to
ensure the accuracy of this document, errors
may have occurred during development.
Updates or Errata are posted to the American
Wood Councilwebsite at www.awc.org.
Technical inquiries may be addressed to
awcinfo@afandpa.org.

Engineered and Traditional Wood Products
AWC Mission Statement

To increase the use of wood by assuring the broad
regulatory acceptance of wood products, developing
design tools and guidelines for wood construction,
and influencing the development of public policies
affecting the use of wood products.
The American Wood Council (AWC) is the wood products division of the American Forest & Paper
Association (AF&PA). AF&PA is the national trade association of the forest, paper, and wood products
industry, representing member companies engaged in growing, harvesting, and processing wood and
wood fiber, manufacturing pulp, paper, and paperboard products from both virgin and recycled fiber,
and producing engineered and traditional wood products. For more information see www.afandpa.org.
NDS 2005 Supplement Cover revised June 2007.pmd

2
6/21/2007, 2:57 PM
2005 Edition
NDS
N AT I O N A L
DESIGN
S P E C I F I C AT I O N
DESIGN VALUES FOR

WOOD CONSTRUCTION
Copyright 2005, 2006

American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT
Introduction
This Supplement is an integral part of the National
Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction,
2005 Edition. It provides reference design values for structural sawn lumber and structural glued laminated timber.
For additional information on development and applicability of lumber reference design values, the grading
rules published by the individual agencies and the referenced ASTM Standards should be consulted.
Lumber
Structural Glued Laminated Timber
The reference design values for lumber in this Supplement are obtained from grading rules published by seven
agencies: National Lumber Grades Authority (a Canadian agency), Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers
Association, Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau, Redwood Inspection Service, Southern Pine Inspection Bureau,
West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau, and Western Wood
Products Association. The grading rules promulgated by
these agencies, including the reference design values
therein, have been approved by the Board of Review of
the American Lumber Standards Committee and certified
for conformance with U.S. Department of Commerce Voluntary Product Standard PS 20-99 (American Softwood
Lumber Standard).
Reference design values for most species and grades
of visually graded dimension lumber are based on the provisions of ASTM Standard D 1990-001 (Establishing
Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size Specimens).
Reference design values for visually graded timbers, decking, and some species and grades of dimension lumber are
based on the provisions of ASTM Standard D 245-001
(Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable
Properties for Visually Graded Lumber). The methods in
ASTM Standard D 245-001 involve adjusting the strength
properties of small clear specimens of wood, as given in
ASTM Standard D 2555-98 (Establishing Clear Wood
Strength Values), for the effects of knots, slope of grain,
splits, checks, size, duration of load, moisture content, and
other influencing factors, to obtain reference design values applicable to normal conditions of service. Lumber
structures designed on the basis of working stresses derived from ASTM Standard D 245 procedures and standard
design criteria have a long history of satisfactory performance.
Reference design values for machine stress rated
(MSR) lumber and machine evaluated lumber (MEL) are
based on nondestructive testing of individual pieces. Certain visual grade requirements also apply to such lumber.
The stress rating system used for MSR and MEL lumber
is regularly checked by the responsible grading agency
for conformance to established certification and quality
control procedures.
Reference design values in this Supplement for structural glued laminated timber are developed and published
by the American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC)
and APAThe Engineered Wood Association (APA) in accordance with principles originally established by the U.S.
Forest Products Laboratory in the early 1950s. These principles involve adjusting strength properties of clear straight
grained lumber to account for knots, slope of grain, density, size of member, number of laminations, and other
factors unique to laminated timber.
Specific methods used to establish reference design
values have been periodically revised and improved to reflect the results of tests of large structural glued laminated
timber members conducted by the U.S. Forest Products
Laboratory and other accredited testing agencies. The performance history of structures made with structural glued
laminated timber conforming to AITC specifications and
manufactured in accordance with American National Standard ANSI/AITC A190.1-2002 (Structural Glued Laminated
Timber) has demonstrated the validity of the methods used
to establish structural glued laminated timber reference
design values.
Conditions of Use
Reference design values presented in this Supplement
are for normal load duration under dry conditions of service. Because the strength of wood varies with conditions
under which it is used, these reference design values should
only be applied in conjunction with appropriate design
and service recommendations from the NDS. Additionally, the reference design values in this Supplement apply
only to material identified by the grade mark of, or certificate of inspection issued by, a grading or inspection bureau
or agency recognized as being competent.
AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter/Title
Page
Sawn Lumber Grading

Agencies .................................................................................................... s1
Chapter/Title
Species Combinations ..................................... s3
Section Properties ................................................ s11

3.1 Section Properties of Sawn Lumber
and Structural Glued Laminated Timber
1.1 List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies
Page
Reference Design Values ................... s29
2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species

Combinations
2.2 List of Non-North American Sawn
Lumber Species Combinations
2.3 List of Structural Glued Laminated Timber
Species Combinations
LIST OF TABLES
1A Nominal and Minimum Dressed Sizes of
Sawn Lumber ...................................................... s13
4E Reference Design Values for Visually Graded

Decking ............................................................... s51
1B Section Properties of Standard Dressed

(S4S) Sawn Lumber ............................................ s14
4F Reference Design Values for Non-North

American Visually Graded Dimension
Lumber (2" - 4" thick) ......................................... s55
1C Section Properties of Western Species Structural

Glued Laminated Timber ..................................... s16
1D Section Properties of Southern Pine Structural
Glued Laminated Timber ..................................... s22
4A Reference Design Values for Visually Graded
Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick) (All species
except Southern Pine) .......................................... s30
4B Reference Design Values for Visually Graded
Southern Pine Dimension Lumber
(2" - 4" thick) ....................................................... s37
4C Reference Design Values for Mechanically
Graded Dimension Lumber ................................. s40
5A Reference Design Values for Structural Glued

Laminated Softwood Timber
(Members stressed primarily in bending) ............ s59
5B Reference Design Values for Structural Glued
Laminated Softwood Timber (Members stressed
primarily in axial tension or compression) .......... s64
5C Reference Design Values for Structural Glued
Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members stressed
primarily in bending) ........................................... s67
5D Reference Design Values for Structural Glued
Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members stressed
primarily in axial tension or compression) .......... s69
4D Reference Design Values for Visually Graded

Timbers (5" x 5" and larger) ................................ s44
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL
SAWN LUMBER
GRADING
AGENCIES
1.1
List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies s2
SAWN LUMBER GRADING AGENCIES
1.1 List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies

Following is a list of agencies certified by the American Lumber Standard Committee Board of Review (as of 2004)
for inspection and grading of untreated lumber under the rules indicated. For the most up-to-date list of certified agencies
contact:
American Lumber Standard Committee
P.O. Box 210
Germantown, Maryland 20875-0210
www.alsc.org
Rules for which grading

is authorized
Rules Writing Agencies
Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association (NELMA) ............. NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
272 Tuttle Road, P.O. Box 87A, Cumberland Center, Maine 04021
Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau (NSLB) ................................................................. NLGA, NSLB, WCLIB, WWPA
272 Tuttle Road, P.O. Box 87A, Cumberland Center, Maine 04021
Redwood Inspection Service (RIS) ................................................................................................. RIS, WCLIB, WWPA
405 Enfrente Drive, Suite 200, Novato, California 94949
Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) ............................................ NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
4709 Scenic Highway, Pensacola, Florida 32504
West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB) ................................................... NLGA, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
6980 SW Varnes Road, P.O. Box 23145, Tigard, Oregon 97223
Western Wood Products Association (WWPA) ....................................................... NLGA, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
522 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 500, Portland, Oregon 97204
National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA)
960 Quayside Dr., New Westminster, BC, Canada V3M 6G2
Non-Rules Writing Agencies

Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau, Inc. ............................................................................. RIS, WCLIB, WWPA, NLGA
Renewable Resource Associates, Inc. .................................................. NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
Stafford Inspection and Consulting, LLC ...................................................................................................................SPIB
Timber Products Inspection ......................................................... NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA
Alberta Forest Products Association ........................................................................................................................ NLGA
Canadian Lumbermens Association ....................................................................................................... NELMA, NLGA
Canadian Mill Services Association .......................................................................................................... NLGA, WWPA
Canadian Softwood Inspection Agency, Inc. .............................................................................. NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA
Central Forest Products Association ........................................................................................................ NELMA, NLGA
Council of Forest Industries ...................................................................................................................... NLGA, WWPA
Macdonald Inspection ................................................................................................................. NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA
Maritime Lumber Bureau ........................................................................................................................ NELMA, NLGA
Newfoundland and Labrador Lumber Producers Association ................................................................................. NLGA
Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Association ........................................................................................... NELMA, NLGA
Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau ..................................................................................... NLGA, RIS, WCLIB, WWPA
Quebec Forest Industry Council .............................................................................................................. NELMA, NLGA
SPECIES
COMBINATIONS
2.1
2.2
2.3
List of Sawn Lumber Species

Combinations
s4
List of Non-North American Sawn

Lumber Species Combinations
s8
List of Structural Glued Laminated

Timber Species Combinations
s9
SPECIES COMBINATIONS
2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations

Species or Species
Combination
Alaska Cedar
Alaska Hemlock
Alaska Spruce
Alaska Yellow Cedar
Aspen
Species That May Be

Included in Combination
Alaska Sitka Spruce

Alaska White Spruce
Big Tooth Aspen
Quaking Aspen
Baldcypress
Balsam Fir
Beech-Birch-Hickory
Coast Sitka Spruce

Coast Species
Cottonwood
Douglas Fir-Larch
Douglas Fir-Larch (North)
American Beech
Bitternut Hickory
Mockernut Hickory
Nutmeg Hickory
Pecan Hickory
Pignut Hickory
Shagbark Hickory
Shellbark Hickory
Sweet Birch
Water Hickory
Yellow Birch
Amabilis Fir
Coast Sitka Spruce
Douglas Fir
Western Hemlock
Western Larch
Douglas
Western
Douglas
Western
Fir
Larch
Fir
Larch
Douglas Fir-South
Eastern Hemlock
Eastern Hemlock-Balsam Fir
Eastern Hemlock-Tamarack
Eastern Hemlock-Tamarack (North)
Balsam Fir
Eastern Hemlock
Tamarack
Eastern Hemlock
Tamarack
Eastern Hemlock
Tamarack
Grading
Rules Agencies
Design Values
Provided in Tables
WCLIB
WWPA
WWPA
4A
4A
4A
WCLIB, WWPA
NELMA
NSLB
WWPA
SPIB
NELMA
NSLB
NELMA
4A
4A
4A, 4D
NLGA
NLGA
4D, 4E
4E
NSLB
WCLIB
WWPA
NLGA
4A
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E
WWPA
NELMA
NSLB
NELMA
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

4D
NELMA
NSLB
NLGA
4A, 4D, 4E
4A, 4D
4D, 4E
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E
4A
4D, 4E
2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations (Cont.)

Species or Species
Combination
Eastern Softwoods
Grading
Rules Agencies
Balsam Fir
Black Spruce
Eastern Hemlock
Eastern White Pine
Jack Pine
Norway (Red) Pine
Pitch Pine
Red Spruce
Tamarack
White Spruce
Black Spruce
Red Spruce
White Spruce
Eastern White Pine

Eastern White Pine (North)
Hem-Fir
Hem-Fir (North)
Mixed Maple
Mixed Oak
Mixed Southern Pine
Mountain Hemlock
Northern Pine
Northern Red Oak
Northern Species
California Red Fir

Grand Fir
Noble Fir
Pacific Silver Fir
Western Hemlock
White Fir
Amabilis Fir
Western Hemlock
Black Maple
Red Maple
Silver Maple
Sugar Maple
All Oak Species
graded under NELMA rules
Any species in the Southern
Pine species combination, plus
either or both of the following:
Pond Pine
Virginia Pine
Jack Pine
Norway (Red) Pine
Pitch Pine
Black Oak
Northern Red Oak
Pin Oak
Scarlet Oak
Any species graded
under NLGA rules except
Red Alder, White Birch,
and Norway Spruce
Northern White Cedar

Ponderosa Pine
Design Values
Provided in Tables
NELMA
NSLB
4A
NELMA
NSLB
4D, 4E
NELMA
NSLB
NLGA
WCLIB
WWPA
4A, 4D, 4E
4E
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E
NLGA
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E
NELMA
4A, 4D
NELMA
4A, 4D
SPIB
4B, 4C, 4D
WWPA, WCLIB
NELMA
NSLB
4D
4D, 4E
NELMA
4A, 4D
NLGA
4A, 4C, 4E
NELMA
NLGA
4A, 4D, 4E
4D, 4E
2
Eastern Spruce
Species That May Be


Species or Species
Combination
Red Maple
Red Oak
Red Pine
Redwood
Sitka Spruce
Southern Pine
Spruce-Pine-Fir
Spruce-Pine-Fir (South)
Western Cedars
Western Cedars (North)
Species That May Be

Black Oak
Cherrybark Oak
Laurel Oak
Northern Red Oak
Pin Oak
Scarlet Oak
Southern Red Oak
Water Oak
Willow Oak
Loblolly Pine
Longleaf Pine
Shortleaf Pine
Slash Pine
Alpine Fir
Balsam Fir
Black Spruce
Engelmann Spruce
Jack Pine
Lodgepole Pine
Red Spruce
White Spruce
Balsam Fir
Black Spruce
Engelmann Spruce
Jack Pine
Lodgepole Pine
Norway (Red) Pine
Red Spruce
Sitka Spruce
White Spruce
Alaska Cedar
Incense Cedar
Port Orford Cedar
Western Red Cedar
Pacific Coast Yellow Cedar
Western Red Cedar
Western Hemlock
Western Hemlock (North)
Western White Pine
Grading
Rules Agencies
Design Values
Provided in Tables
NELMA
NELMA
4A, 4D
4A, 4D
NLGA
RIS
WWPA, WCLIB
SPIB
4D, 4E
4A, 4D, 4E
4D, 4E
4B, 4C, 4D, 4E
NLGA
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E
NELMA
NSLB
WCLIB
WWPA
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E
WCLIB
WWPA
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E
NLGA
4D, 4E
WWPA, WCLIB
NLGA
NLGA
4D, 4E
4D, 4E
4D, 4E

Species or Species
Combination
Western Woods
Grading
Rules Agencies
Any species in the Douglas

Fir-Larch, Douglas Fir-South,
Hem-Fir, and Spruce-Pine-Fir
(South) species combinations,
plus any or all of the
following:
Alpine Fir
Idaho White Pine
Mountain Hemlock
Ponderosa Pine
Sugar Pine
Bur Oak
Chestnut Oak
Live Oak
Overcup Oak
Post Oak
Swamp Chestnut Oak
Swamp White Oak
White Oak
Yellow Poplar
WCLIB
WWPA
4A, 4C, 4D, 4E
NELMA
4A, 4D
NSLB
Design Values
Provided in Tables
White Oak
Species That May Be

4A
2.2 List of Non-North American Sawn Lumber Species

Combinations
Species or Species Combination
Species That May Be

Austrian Spruce - Austria & The Czech Republic

Douglas Fir/European Larch - Austria, The
Douglas Fir
Czech Republic, & Bavaria
European Larch
Montane Pine - South Africa
Norway Spruce - Estonia & Lithuania
Norway Spruce - Finland
Norway Spruce - Germany, NE France,
& Switzerland
Norway Spruce - Romania & the Ukraine
Norway Spruce - Sweden
Scots Pine - Austria, The Czech Republic,
Romania, & the Ukraine
Scots Pine - Estonia & Lithuania
Scots Pine - Finland
Scots Pine - Germany*
Scots Pine - Sweden
Silver Fir (Abies alba) - Germany, NE France,
& Switzerland
Southern Pine - Misiones Argentina
Southern Pine - Misiones Argentina, Free of
Heart Center and Medium Grade Density
* Does not include states of Baden-Wurttemburg and Saarland.
Grading
Rules Agency
WCLIB
WCLIB
DesignValues
Provided in Tables
4F
4F
WCLIB
WCLIB
WCLIB
WCLIB
4F
4F
4F
4F
WCLIB
WCLIB
WCLIB
4F
4F
4F
WCLIB
WCLIB
WCLIB
WCLIB
WCLIB
4F
4F
4F
4F
4F
SPIB
SPIB
4F
4F
2.3 List of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Species

Combinations
Symbol
Species That May Be

Included in Group
Design Values
Provided in Tables
Alaska Cedar
Douglas Fir-Larch
Hem-Fir
AC
DF
HF
5A, 5B
5A, 5B
5A, 5B
Softwood Species
SW
Alaska Cedar
Douglas Fir, Western Larch
California Red Fir
Grand Fir
Noble Fir
Pacific Silver Fir
Western Hemlock
White Fir
Alpine Fir
Balsam Fir
Black Spruce
Douglas Fir
Douglas Fir South
Engelmann Spruce
Idaho White Pine
Jack Pine
Lodgepole Pine
Mountain Hemlock
Ponderosa Pine
Red Spruce
Sugar Pine
Western Larch
Western Red Cedar
White Spruce
Loblolly Pine
Longleaf Pine
Shortleaf Pine
Slash Pine
Southern Pine
SP
5A, 5B
2
Species or Species Group
5A, 5B
10
2.3 List of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Species

Combinations (Cont.)
Species or Species Group
Symbol
Group A Hardwoods
Group B Hardwoods
Group C Hardwoods
Group D Hardwoods
Species That May Be

Included in Group
Ash, White
Beech, American
Birch, Sweet
Birch, Yellow
Hickory, Bitternut
Hickory, Mockernut
Hickory, Nutmeg
Hickory, Pecan
Hickory, Pignut
Hickory, Shagbark
Hickory, Shellbark
Hickory, Water
Oak, Northern Red
Oak, White
Elm, Rock
Maple, Black
Maple, Red
Mixed Oak:
Black
Bur
Cherrybark
Chestnut
Laurel
Live
Northern Red
Overcup
Pin
Post
Scarlet
Southern Red
Swamp Chestnut
Swamp White
Water
White
Sweetgum
Ash, Black
Elm, American
Tupulo, Water
Yellow Poplar
Aspen, Bigtooth
Aspen, Quaking
Cottonwood, Eastern
Mixed Maple:
Black
Red
Silver
Sugar
Design Values
Provided in Tables
5C, 5D
5C, 5D
5C, 5D
5C, 5D
SECTION
PROPERTIES
3.1
Section Properties of Sawn Lumber

and Structural Glued Laminated
Timber
s12
Table 1A
Nominal and Minimum Dressed Sizes of Sawn

Lumber .................................................................. s13
Table 1B
Section Properties of Standard Dressed (S4S)

Sawn Lumber ....................................................... s14
Table 1C
Section Properties of Western Species

Structural Glued Laminated Timber ................. s16
Table 1D
Section Properties of Southern Pine

Structural Glued Laminated Timber ................. s22
11
12
SECTION PROPERTIES
3.1 Section Properties of Sawn Lumber and Structural

Glued Laminated Timber
3.1.1 Standard Sizes of Sawn
Lumber
Details regarding the dressed sizes of various species
of lumber in the grading rules of the agencies which formulate and maintain such rules. The dressed sizes in Table
1A conform to the sizes set forth in U.S. Department of
Commerce Voluntary Product Standard PS 20-99 (American Softwood Lumber Standard). While these sizes are
generally available on a commercial basis, it is good practice to consult the local lumber dealer to determine what
sizes are on hand or can be readily secured.
Dry lumber is defined as lumber which has been seasoned to a moisture content of 19% or less. Green lumber
is defined as lumber having a moisture content in excess
of 19%.
MOMENT OF INERTIA, I, of the cross section of a

beam is the sum of the products of each of its elementary
areas multiplied by the square of their distance from the
neutral axis of the section.
SECTION MODULUS, S, is the moment of inertia
divided by the distance from the neutral axis to the extreme fiber of the section.
CROSS SECTION is a section taken through the member perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
The following symbols and formulas apply to rectangular beam cross sections:
X-X = neutral axis for edgewise bending (load
applied to narrow face)
Y-Y = neutral axis for flatwise bending (load
applied to wide face)
b = breadth of rectangular bending member, in.
3.1.2 Properties of Standard

Dressed Sizes
d = depth of rectangular bending member, in.

A = bd = area of cross section, in.2
Certain mathematical expressions of the properties or

elements of sections are used in design calculations for
various member shapes and loading conditions. The section properties for selected standard sizes of boards, dimension lumber, and timbers are given in Table 1B. Section properties for selected standard sizes of structural
glued laminated timber are given in Table 1C and 1D.
c = distance from neutral axis to extreme fiber of

cross section, in.
Ix = bd3/12 = moment of inertia about the X-X axis,
in.4
Iy = db3/12 = moment of inertia about the Y-Y axis,
in.4
rx =
3.1.3 Definitions
I x / A = d / 12 = radius of gyration about the

X-X axis, in.
NEUTRAL AXIS, in the cross section of a beam, is

the line on which there is neither tension nor compression
stress.
ry =
I y / A = b / 12 = radius of gyration about

the Y-Y axis, in.
Sx =Ix/c = bd2/6 = section modulus about the X-X
Figure 1A Dimensions for Rectangular

Cross Section
axis, in.3
Sy = Iy/c = db2/6 = section modulus about the Y-Y
axis, in.3
The following formula shall be used to determine the

density in lb./ft.3 of wood:
density =
m.c.
G
62.4
1 +
100
1 + G(0.009)( m.c.)
where:
G = specific gravity of wood (see NDS Table 11.3.2A)
Structural Glued Laminated Timber
Sawn Lumber
m.c. = moisture content of wood, %
Table 1A
13
Nominal and Minimum Dressed Sizes of Sawn Lumber

Thickness (in.)
Face Widths (in.)
Minimum dressed
Item
Boards
Nominal
Dry
5/8
3/4
Green
1
1-1/4
11/16
25/32
1-1/32
1-9/32
Dimension
Lumber
2
2-1/2
3
3-1/2
4
4-1/2
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
3-1/2
4
1-9/16
2-1/16
2-9/16
3-1/16
3-9/16
4-1/16
Timbers
5&
thicker
1/2 off
Nominal
Dry
Green
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
16
1-1/2
2-1/2
3-1/2
4-1/2
5-1/2
6-1/2
7-1/4
8-1/4
9-1/4
10-1/4
11-1/4
13-1/4
15-1/4
1-9/16
2-9/16
3-9/16
4-5/8
5-5/8
6-5/8
7-1/2
8-1/2
9-1/2
10-1/2
11-1/2
13-1/2
15-1/2
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
1-1/2
2-1/2
3-1/2
4-1/2
5-1/2
7-1/4
9-1/4
11-1/4
13-1/4
15-1/4
1-9/16
2-9/16
3-9/16
4-5/8
5-5/8
7-1/2
9-1/2
11-1/2
13-1/2
15-1/2
5&
wider
1/2 off
3
SECTION PROPERTIES
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
Minimum dressed
14
SECTION PROPERTIES
Table 1B
Section Properties of Standard Dressed (S4S) Sawn Lumber

Y-Y Axis
X-X Axis
Nominal
Size
bd
Standard
Dressed
Size (S4S)
bd
inches inches
Area
of
Section
A
in.2
Section
Modulus
Sxx
in.3
Moment
of
Inertia
Ixx
in.4
Section
Modulus
Syy
in.3
Moment
of
Inertia
Iyy
in.4
Approximate weight in pounds per linear foot (lb./ft.)

of piece when density of wood equals:
25 lb./ft.3
30 lb./ft.3
35 lb./ft.3
40 lb./ft.3
45 lb./ft.3
50 lb./ft.3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
6
8
10
12
3/4 2-1/2
3/4 3-1/2
3/4 5-1/2
3/4 7-1/4
3/4 9-1/4
3/4 11-1/4
1.875
2.625
4.125
5.438
6.938
8.438
0.781
1.531
3.781
6.570
10.70
15.82
0.977
2.680
10.40
23.82
49.47
88.99
0.234
0.328
0.516
0.680
0.867
1.055
0.088
0.123
0.193
0.255
0.325
0.396
0.326
0.456
0.716
0.944
1.204
1.465
0.391
0.547
0.859
1.133
1.445
1.758
0.456
0.638
1.003
1.322
1.686
2.051
0.521
0.729
1.146
1.510
1.927
2.344
0.586
0.820
1.289
1.699
2.168
2.637
0.651
0.911
1.432
1.888
2.409
2.930
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
1-1/2 2-1/2
1-1/2 3-1/2
1-1/2 4-1/2
1-1/2 5-1/2
1-1/2 7-1/4
1-1/2 9-1/4
1-1/2 11-1/4
1-1/2 13-1/4
3.750
5.250
6.750
8.250
10.88
13.88
16.88
19.88
1.563
3.063
5.063
7.563
13.14
21.39
31.64
43.89
1.953
5.359
11.39
20.80
47.63
98.93
178.0
290.8
0.938
1.313
1.688
2.063
2.719
3.469
4.219
4.969
0.703
0.984
1.266
1.547
2.039
2.602
3.164
3.727
0.651
0.911
1.172
1.432
1.888
2.409
2.930
3.451
0.781
1.094
1.406
1.719
2.266
2.891
3.516
4.141
0.911
1.276
1.641
2.005
2.643
3.372
4.102
4.831
1.042
1.458
1.875
2.292
3.021
3.854
4.688
5.521
1.172
1.641
2.109
2.578
3.398
4.336
5.273
6.211
1.302
1.823
2.344
2.865
3.776
4.818
5.859
6.901
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
2-1/2 3-1/2
2-1/2 4-1/2
2-1/2 5-1/2
2-1/2 7-1/4
2-1/2 9-1/4
2-1/2 11-1/4
2-1/2 13-1/4
2-1/2 15-1/4
8.750
11.25
13.75
18.13
23.13
28.13
33.13
38.13
5.104
8.438
12.60
21.90
35.65
52.73
73.15
96.90
8.932
18.98
34.66
79.39
164.9
296.6
484.6
738.9
3.646
4.688
5.729
7.552
9.635
11.72
13.80
15.89
4.557
5.859
7.161
9.440
12.04
14.65
17.25
19.86
1.519
1.953
2.387
3.147
4.015
4.883
5.751
6.619
1.823
2.344
2.865
3.776
4.818
5.859
6.901
7.943
2.127
2.734
3.342
4.405
5.621
6.836
8.051
9.266
2.431
3.125
3.819
5.035
6.424
7.813
9.201
10.59
2.734
3.516
4.297
5.664
7.227
8.789
10.35
11.91
3.038
3.906
4.774
6.293
8.030
9.766
11.50
13.24
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
3-1/2 3-1/2
3-1/2 4-1/2
3-1/2 5-1/2
3-1/2 7-1/4
3-1/2 9-1/4
3-1/2 11-1/4
3-1/2 13-1/4
3-1/2 15-1/4
12.25
15.75
19.25
25.38
32.38
39.38
46.38
53.38
7.146
11.81
17.65
30.66
49.91
73.83
102.4
135.7
12.51
26.58
48.53
111.1
230.8
415.3
678.5
1034
7.146
9.188
11.23
14.80
18.89
22.97
27.05
31.14
12.51
16.08
19.65
25.90
33.05
40.20
47.34
54.49
2.127
2.734
3.342
4.405
5.621
6.836
8.051
9.266
2.552
3.281
4.010
5.286
6.745
8.203
9.661
11.12
2.977
3.828
4.679
6.168
7.869
9.570
11.27
12.97
3.403
4.375
5.347
7.049
8.993
10.94
12.88
14.83
3.828
4.922
6.016
7.930
10.12
12.30
14.49
16.68
4.253
5.469
6.684
8.811
11.24
13.67
16.10
18.53
5 5
4-1/2 4-1/2
20.25
15.19
34.17
15.19
34.17
3.516
4.219
4.922
5.625
6.328
7.031
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
5-1/2 5-1/2
5-1/2 7-1/2
5-1/2 9-1/2
5-1/2 11-1/2
5-1/2 13-1/2
5-1/2 15-1/2
5-1/2 17-1/2
5-1/2 19-1/2
5-1/2 21-1/2
5-1/2 23-1/2
30.25
41.25
52.25
63.25
74.25
85.25
96.25
107.3
118.3
129.3
27.73
51.56
82.73
121.2
167.1
220.2
280.7
348.6
423.7
506.2
76.26
193.4
393.0
697.1
1128
1707
2456
3398
4555
5948
27.73
37.81
47.90
57.98
68.06
78.15
88.23
98.31
108.4
118.5
76.26
104.0
131.7
159.4
187.2
214.9
242.6
270.4
298.1
325.8
5.252
7.161
9.071
10.98
12.89
14.80
16.71
18.62
20.53
22.44
6.302
8.594
10.89
13.18
15.47
17.76
20.05
22.34
24.64
26.93
7.352
10.03
12.70
15.37
18.05
20.72
23.39
26.07
28.74
31.41
8.403
11.46
14.51
17.57
20.63
23.68
26.74
29.79
32.85
35.90
9.453
12.89
16.33
19.77
23.20
26.64
30.08
33.52
36.95
40.39
10.50
14.32
18.14
21.96
25.78
29.60
33.42
37.24
41.06
44.88
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
7-1/2 7-1/2
7-1/2 9-1/2
7-1/2 11-1/2
7-1/2 13-1/2
7-1/2 15-1/2
7-1/2 17-1/2
7-1/2 19-1/2
7-1/2 21-1/2
7-1/2 23-1/2
56.25
71.25
86.25
101.3
116.3
131.3
146.3
161.3
176.3
70.31
112.8
165.3
227.8
300.3
382.8
475.3
577.8
690.3
263.7
535.9
950.5
1538
2327
3350
4634
6211
8111
70.31
89.06
107.8
126.6
145.3
164.1
182.8
201.6
220.3
263.7
334.0
404.3
474.6
544.9
615.2
685.5
755.9
826.2
9.766
12.37
14.97
17.58
20.18
22.79
25.39
27.99
30.60
11.72
14.84
17.97
21.09
24.22
27.34
30.47
33.59
36.72
13.67
17.32
20.96
24.61
28.26
31.90
35.55
39.19
42.84
15.63
19.79
23.96
28.13
32.29
36.46
40.63
44.79
48.96
17.58
22.27
26.95
31.64
36.33
41.02
45.70
50.39
55.08
19.53
24.74
29.95
35.16
40.36
45.57
50.78
55.99
61.20
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
9-1/2 9-1/2
9-1/2 11-1/2
9-1/2 13-1/2
9-1/2 15-1/2
9-1/2 17-1/2
9-1/2 19-1/2
9-1/2 21-1/2
9-1/2 23-1/2
90.25
109.3
128.3
147.3
166.3
185.3
204.3
223.3
142.9
209.4
288.6
380.4
484.9
602.1
731.9
874.4
678.8
1204
1948
2948
4243
5870
7868
10270
142.9
173.0
203.1
233.1
263.2
293.3
323.4
353.5
678.8
821.7
964.5
1107
1250
1393
1536
1679
15.67
18.97
22.27
25.56
28.86
32.16
35.46
38.76
18.80
22.76
26.72
30.68
34.64
38.59
42.55
46.51
21.94
26.55
31.17
35.79
40.41
45.03
49.64
54.26
25.07
30.35
35.63
40.90
46.18
51.46
56.74
62.01
28.20
34.14
40.08
46.02
51.95
57.89
63.83
69.77
31.34
37.93
44.53
51.13
57.73
64.32
70.92
77.52
Table 1B
Section Properties of Standard Dressed (S4S) Sawn Lumber (Cont.)

Y-Y Axis
X-X Axis
Nominal
Size
bd
15
Standard
Dressed
Size (S4S)
bd
inches inches
Area
of
Section
A
in.2
Section
Modulus
Sx
in.3
Moment
of
Inertia
Ix
in.4
Section
Modulus
Sy
in.3
Moment
of
Inertia
Iy
in.4
Approximate weight in pounds per linear foot (lb./ft.)

of piece when density of wood equals:
25 lb./ft.3
30 lb./ft.3
35 lb./ft.3
40 lb./ft.3
45 lb./ft.3
50 lb./ft.3
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
11-1/2
11-1/2
11-1/2
11-1/2
11-1/2
11-1/2
11-1/2
11-1/2
13-1/2
15-1/2
17-1/2
19-1/2
21-1/2
23-1/2
132.3
155.3
178.3
201.3
224.3
247.3
270.3
253.5
349.3
460.5
587.0
728.8
886.0
1058
1458
2358
3569
5136
7106
9524
12440
253.5
297.6
341.6
385.7
429.8
473.9
518.0
1458
1711
1964
2218
2471
2725
2978
22.96
26.95
30.95
34.94
38.93
42.93
46.92
27.55
32.34
37.14
41.93
46.72
51.51
56.30
32.14
37.73
43.32
48.91
54.51
60.10
65.69
36.74
43.13
49.51
55.90
62.29
68.68
75.07
41.33
48.52
55.70
62.89
70.08
77.27
84.45
45.92
53.91
61.89
69.88
77.86
85.85
93.84
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
16
18
20
22
24
13-1/2
13-1/2
13-1/2
13-1/2
13-1/2
13-1/2
13-1/2
15-1/2
17-1/2
19-1/2
21-1/2
23-1/2
182.3
209.3
236.3
263.3
290.3
317.3
410.1
540.6
689.1
855.6
1040
1243
2768
4189
6029
8342
11180
14600
410.1
470.8
531.6
592.3
653.1
713.8
2768
3178
3588
3998
4408
4818
31.64
36.33
41.02
45.70
50.39
55.08
37.97
43.59
49.22
54.84
60.47
66.09
44.30
50.86
57.42
63.98
70.55
77.11
50.63
58.13
65.63
73.13
80.63
88.13
56.95
65.39
73.83
82.27
90.70
99.14
63.28
72.66
82.03
91.41
100.8
110.2
16
16
16
16
16
16
18
20
22
24
15-1/2
15-1/2
15-1/2
15-1/2
15-1/2
15-1/2
17-1/2
19-1/2
21-1/2
23-1/2
240.3
271.3
302.3
333.3
364.3
620.6
791.1
982.3
1194
1427
4810
6923
9578
12840
16760
620.6
700.7
780.8
860.9
941.0
4810
5431
6051
6672
7293
41.71
47.09
52.47
57.86
63.24
50.05
56.51
62.97
69.43
75.89
58.39
65.93
73.46
81.00
88.53
66.74
75.35
83.96
92.57
101.2
75.08
84.77
94.45
104.1
113.8
83.42
94.18
104.9
115.7
126.5
18
18
18
18
18
20
22
24
17-1/2
17-1/2
17-1/2
17-1/2
17-1/2
19-1/2
21-1/2
23-1/2
306.3
341.3
376.3
411.3
893.2
1109
1348
1611
7816
10810
14490
18930
893.2
995.3
1097
1199
7816
8709
9602
10500
53.17
59.24
65.32
71.40
63.80
71.09
78.39
85.68
74.44
82.94
91.45
99.96
85.07
94.79
104.5
114.2
95.70
106.6
117.6
128.5
106.3
118.5
130.6
142.8
20 20
20 22
20 24
19-1/2 19-1/2
19-1/2 21-1/2
19-1/2 23-1/2
380.3
419.3
458.3
1236
1502
1795
12050
16150
21090
1236
1363
1489
12050
13280
14520
66.02
72.79
79.56
79.22
87.34
95.47
92.42
101.9
111.4
105.6
116.5
127.3
118.8
131.0
143.2
132.0
145.6
159.1
22 22
22 24
21-1/2 21-1/2
21-1/2 23-1/2
462.3
505.3
1656
1979
17810
23250
1656
1810
17810
19460
80.25
87.72
96.30
105.3
112.4
122.8
128.4
140.3
144.5
157.9
160.5
175.4
24 24
23-1/2 23-1/2
552.3
2163
25420
2163
25420
95.88
115.1
134.2
153.4
172.6
191.8
3
SECTION PROPERTIES
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
SECTION PROPERTIES
Table 1C
Section Properties of Western Species Structural Glued Laminated

Timber
Depth
d (in.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
6
7-1/2
9
10-1/2
12
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
15.00
18.75
22.50
26.25
30.00
33.75
37.50
41.25
45.00
48.75
52.50
45.00
87.89
151.9
241.2
360.0
512.6
703.1
935.9
1215
1545
1929
6
7-1/2
9
10-1/2
12
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
22-1/2
24
18.75
23.44
28.13
32.81
37.50
42.19
46.88
51.56
56.25
60.94
65.63
70.31
75.00
56.25
109.9
189.8
301.5
450.0
640.7
878.9
1170
1519
1931
2412
2966
3600
6
7-1/2
9
10-1/2
12
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
22-1/2
24
21.00
26.25
31.50
36.75
42.00
47.25
52.50
57.75
63.00
68.25
73.50
78.75
84.00
63.00
123.0
212.6
337.6
504.0
717.6
984.4
1310
1701
2163
2701
3322
4032
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
2-1/2 in. Width
15.00
23.44
33.75
45.94
60.00
75.94
93.75
113.4
135.0
158.4
183.8
3-1/8 in. Width
18.75
29.30
42.19
57.42
75.00
94.92
117.2
141.8
168.8
198.0
229.7
263.7
300.0
3-1/2 in. Width
21.00
32.81
47.25
64.31
84.00
106.3
131.3
158.8
189.0
221.8
257.3
295.3
336.0
rx (in.)
1.732
2.165
2.598
3.031
3.464
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
1.732
2.165
2.598
3.031
3.464
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
6.495
6.928
1.732
2.165
2.598
3.031
3.464
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
6.495
6.928
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 0.722 in.)
7.813
6.250
9.766
7.813
11.72
9.375
13.67
10.94
15.63
12.50
17.58
14.06
19.53
15.63
21.48
17.19
23.44
18.75
25.39
20.31
27.34
21.88
(ry = 0.902 in.)
15.26
9.766
19.07
12.21
22.89
14.65
26.70
17.09
30.52
19.53
34.33
21.97
38.15
24.41
41.96
26.86
45.78
29.30
49.59
31.74
53.41
34.18
57.22
36.62
61.04
39.06
(ry = 1.010 in.)
21.44
12.25
26.80
15.31
32.16
18.38
37.52
21.44
42.88
24.50
48.23
27.56
53.59
30.63
58.95
33.69
64.31
36.75
69.67
39.81
75.03
42.88
80.39
45.94
85.75
49.00
4
Table 1C
17

Timber (Cont.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
6
7-1/2
9
10-1/2
12
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
22-1/2
24
25-1/2
27
28-1/2
30
31-1/2
33
34-1/2
36
30.75
38.44
46.13
53.81
61.50
69.19
76.88
84.56
92.25
99.94
107.6
115.3
123.0
130.7
138.4
146.1
153.8
161.4
169.1
176.8
184.5
92.25
180.2
311.3
494.4
738.0
1051
1441
1919
2491
3167
3955
4865
5904
7082
8406
9887
11530
13350
15350
17540
19930
6
7-1/2
9
10-1/2
12
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
22-1/2
24
25-1/2
27
28-1/2
30
31-1/2
33
34-1/2
36
33.00
41.25
49.50
57.75
66.00
74.25
82.50
90.75
99.00
107.3
115.5
123.8
132.0
140.3
148.5
156.8
165.0
173.3
181.5
189.8
198.0
99.00
193.4
334.1
530.6
792.0
1128
1547
2059
2673
3398
4245
5221
6336
7600
9021
10610
12380
14330
16470
18820
21380
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
5-1/8 in. Width
30.75
48.05
69.19
94.17
123.0
155.7
192.2
232.5
276.8
324.8
376.7
432.4
492.0
555.4
622.7
693.8
768.8
847.5
930.2
1017
1107
5-1/2 in. Width
33.00
51.56
74.25
101.1
132.0
167.1
206.3
249.6
297.0
348.6
404.3
464.1
528.0
596.1
668.3
744.6
825.0
909.6
998.3
1091
1188
rx (in.)
1.732
2.165
2.598
3.031
3.464
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
6.495
6.928
7.361
7.794
8.227
8.660
9.093
9.526
9.959
10.39
1.732
2.165
2.598
3.031
3.464
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
6.495
6.928
7.361
7.794
8.227
8.660
9.093
9.526
9.959
10.39
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 1.479 in.)
67.31
26.27
84.13
32.83
101.0
39.40
117.8
45.96
134.6
52.53
151.4
59.10
168.3
65.66
185.1
72.23
201.9
78.80
218.7
85.36
235.6
91.93
252.4
98.50
269.2
105.1
286.0
111.6
302.9
118.2
319.7
124.8
336.5
131.3
353.4
137.9
370.2
144.5
387.0
151.0
403.8
157.6
(ry = 1.588 in.)
83.19
30.25
104.0
37.81
124.8
45.38
145.6
52.94
166.4
60.50
187.2
68.06
208.0
75.63
228.8
83.19
249.6
90.75
270.4
98.31
291.2
105.9
312.0
113.4
332.8
121.0
353.5
128.6
374.3
136.1
395.1
143.7
415.9
151.3
436.7
158.8
457.5
166.4
478.3
173.9
499.1
181.5
4
3
SECTION PROPERTIES
Depth
d (in.)
18
SECTION PROPERTIES
Table 1C

Timber (Cont.)
Depth
d (in.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
7-1/2
9
10-1/2
12
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
22-1/2
24
25-1/2
27
28-1/2
30
31-1/2
33
34-1/2
36
37-1/2
39
40-1/2
42
43-1/2
45
46-1/2
48
49-1/2
51
52-1/2
54
55-1/2
57
58-1/2
60
50.63
60.75
70.88
81.00
91.13
101.3
111.4
121.5
131.6
141.8
151.9
162.0
172.1
182.3
192.4
202.5
212.6
222.8
232.9
243.0
253.1
263.3
273.4
283.5
293.6
303.8
313.9
324.0
334.1
344.3
354.4
364.5
374.6
384.8
394.9
405.0
237.3
410.1
651.2
972.0
1384
1898
2527
3281
4171
5209
6407
7776
9327
11070
13020
15190
17580
20210
23100
26240
29660
33370
37370
41670
46300
51260
56560
62210
68220
74620
81400
88570
96160
104200
112600
121500
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
6-3/4 in. Width
63.28
91.13
124.0
162.0
205.0
253.1
306.3
364.5
427.8
496.1
569.5
648.0
731.5
820.1
913.8
1013
1116
1225
1339
1458
1582
1711
1845
1985
2129
2278
2433
2592
2757
2926
3101
3281
3465
3655
3850
4050
rx (in.)
2.165
2.598
3.031
3.464
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
6.495
6.928
7.361
7.794
8.227
8.660
9.093
9.526
9.959
10.39
10.83
11.26
11.69
12.12
12.56
12.99
13.42
13.86
14.29
14.72
15.16
15.59
16.02
16.45
16.89
17.32
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 1.949 in.)
192.2
56.95
230.7
68.34
269.1
79.73
307.5
91.13
346.0
102.5
384.4
113.9
422.9
125.3
461.3
136.7
499.8
148.1
538.2
159.5
576.7
170.9
615.1
182.3
653.5
193.6
692.0
205.0
730.4
216.4
768.9
227.8
807.3
239.2
845.8
250.6
884.2
262.0
922.6
273.4
961.1
284.8
999.5
296.2
1038
307.5
1076
318.9
1115
330.3
1153
341.7
1192
353.1
1230
364.5
1269
375.9
1307
387.3
1346
398.7
1384
410.1
1422
421.5
1461
432.8
1499
444.2
1538
455.6
4
Table 1C
19

Timber (Cont.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
9
10-1/2
12
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
22-1/2
24
25-1/2
27
28-1/2
30
31-1/2
33
34-1/2
36
37-1/2
39
40-1/2
42
43-1/2
45
46-1/2
48
49-1/2
51
52-1/2
54
55-1/2
57
58-1/2
60
78.75
91.88
105.0
118.1
131.3
144.4
157.5
170.6
183.8
196.9
210.0
223.1
236.3
249.4
262.5
275.6
288.8
301.9
315.0
328.1
341.3
354.4
367.5
380.6
393.8
406.9
420.0
433.1
446.3
459.4
472.5
485.6
498.8
511.9
525.0
531.6
844.1
1260
1794
2461
3276
4253
5407
6753
8306
10080
12090
14350
16880
19690
22790
26200
29940
34020
38450
43250
48440
54020
60020
66450
73310
80640
88440
96720
105500
114800
124700
135000
146000
157500
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
8-3/4 in. Width
118.1
160.8
210.0
265.8
328.1
397.0
472.5
554.5
643.1
738.3
840.0
948.3
1063
1185
1313
1447
1588
1736
1890
2051
2218
2392
2573
2760
2953
3153
3360
3573
3793
4020
4253
4492
4738
4991
5250
rx (in.)
2.598
3.031
3.464
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
6.495
6.928
7.361
7.794
8.227
8.660
9.093
9.526
9.959
10.39
10.83
11.26
11.69
12.12
12.56
12.99
13.42
13.86
14.29
14.72
15.16
15.59
16.02
16.45
16.89
17.32
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 2.526 in.)
502.4
114.8
586.2
134.0
669.9
153.1
753.7
172.3
837.4
191.4
921.1
210.5
1005
229.7
1089
248.8
1172
268.0
1256
287.1
1340
306.3
1424
325.4
1507
344.5
1591
363.7
1675
382.8
1759
402.0
1842
421.1
1926
440.2
2010
459.4
2094
478.5
2177
497.7
2261
516.8
2345
535.9
2428
555.1
2512
574.2
2596
593.4
2680
612.5
2763
631.6
2847
650.8
2931
669.9
3015
689.1
3098
708.2
3182
727.3
3266
746.5
3350
765.6
4
3
SECTION PROPERTIES
Depth
d (in.)
20
SECTION PROPERTIES
Table 1C

Timber (Cont.)
Depth
d (in.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
12
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
22-1/2
24
25-1/2
27
28-1/2
30
31-1/2
33
34-1/2
36
37-1/2
39
40-1/2
42
43-1/2
45
46-1/2
48
49-1/2
51
52-1/2
54
55-1/2
57
58-1/2
60
129.0
145.1
161.3
177.4
193.5
209.6
225.8
241.9
258.0
274.1
290.3
306.4
322.5
338.6
354.8
370.9
387.0
403.1
419.3
435.4
451.5
467.6
483.8
499.9
516.0
532.1
548.3
564.4
580.5
596.6
612.8
628.9
645.0
1548
2204
3023
4024
5225
6642
8296
10200
12380
14850
17630
20740
24190
28000
32190
36790
41800
47240
53140
59510
66370
73740
81630
90070
99070
108700
118800
129600
141100
153100
165900
179300
193500
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
10-3/4 in. Width
258.0
326.5
403.1
487.8
580.5
681.3
790.1
907.0
1032
1165
1306
1455
1613
1778
1951
2133
2322
2520
2725
2939
3161
3390
3628
3874
4128
4390
4660
4938
5225
5519
5821
6132
6450
rx (in.)
3.464
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
6.495
6.928
7.361
7.794
8.227
8.660
9.093
9.526
9.959
10.39
10.83
11.26
11.69
12.12
12.56
12.99
13.42
13.86
14.29
14.72
15.16
15.59
16.02
16.45
16.89
17.32
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 3.103 in.)
1242
231.1
1398
260.0
1553
288.9
1708
317.8
1863
346.7
2019
375.6
2174
404.5
2329
433.4
2485
462.3
2640
491.1
2795
520.0
2950
548.9
3106
577.8
3261
606.7
3416
635.6
3572
664.5
3727
693.4
3882
722.3
4037
751.2
4193
780.0
4348
808.9
4503
837.8
4659
866.7
4814
895.6
4969
924.5
5124
953.4
5280
982.3
5435
1011
5590
1040
5746
1069
5901
1098
6056
1127
6211
1156
4
Table 1C
21

Timber (Cont.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
13-1/2
15
16-1/2
18
19-1/2
21
22-1/2
24
25-1/2
27
28-1/2
30
31-1/2
33
34-1/2
36
37-1/2
39
40-1/2
42
43-1/2
45
46-1/2
48
49-1/2
51
52-1/2
54
55-1/2
57
58-1/2
60
165.4
183.8
202.1
220.5
238.9
257.3
275.6
294.0
312.4
330.8
349.1
367.5
385.9
404.3
422.6
441.0
459.4
477.8
496.1
514.5
532.9
551.3
569.6
588.0
606.4
624.8
643.1
661.5
679.9
698.3
716.6
735.0
2512
3445
4586
5954
7569
9454
11630
14110
16930
20090
23630
27560
31910
36690
41920
47630
53830
60550
67810
75630
84030
93020
102600
112900
123800
135400
147700
160700
174500
189100
204400
220500
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
12-1/4 in. Width
372.1
459.4
555.8
661.5
776.3
900.4
1034
1176
1328
1488
1658
1838
2026
2223
2430
2646
2871
3105
3349
3602
3863
4134
4415
4704
5003
5310
5627
5954
6289
6633
6987
7350
rx (in.)
3.897
4.330
4.763
5.196
5.629
6.062
6.495
6.928
7.361
7.794
8.227
8.660
9.093
9.526
9.959
10.39
10.83
11.26
11.69
12.12
12.56
12.99
13.42
13.86
14.29
14.72
15.16
15.59
16.02
16.45
16.89
17.32
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 3.536 in.)
2068
337.6
2298
375.2
2528
412.7
2757
450.2
2987
487.7
3217
525.2
3447
562.7
3677
600.3
3906
637.8
4136
675.3
4366
712.8
4596
750.3
4825
787.8
5055
825.3
5285
862.9
5515
900.4
5745
937.9
5974
975.4
6204
1013
6434
1050
6664
1088
6893
1125
7123
1163
7353
1201
7583
1238
7813
1276
8042
1313
8272
1351
8502
1388
8732
1426
8962
1463
9191
1501
4
3
SECTION PROPERTIES
Depth
d (in.)
22
SECTION PROPERTIES
Table 1D
Depth
d (in.)
Section Properties of Southern Pine Structural Glued Laminated

Timber
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in.4)
5-1/2
6-7/8
8-1/4
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
13.75
17.19
20.63
24.06
27.50
30.94
34.38
37.81
41.25
44.69
48.13
51.56
55.00
58.44
34.66
67.70
117.0
185.8
277.3
394.8
541.6
720.9
935.9
1190
1486
1828
2218
2661
5-1/2
6-7/8
8-1/4
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
16.50
20.63
24.75
28.88
33.00
37.13
41.25
45.38
49.50
53.63
57.75
61.88
66.00
70.13
41.59
81.24
140.4
222.9
332.8
473.8
649.9
865.0
1123
1428
1783
2193
2662
3193
5-1/2
6-7/8
8-1/4
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
17.19
21.48
25.78
30.08
34.38
38.67
42.97
47.27
51.56
55.86
60.16
64.45
68.75
73.05
43.33
84.62
146.2
232.2
346.6
493.5
677.0
901.1
1170
1487
1858
2285
2773
3326
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
2-1/2 in. Width
12.60
19.69
28.36
38.60
50.42
63.81
78.78
95.32
113.4
133.1
154.4
177.2
201.7
227.7
3 in. Width
15.13
23.63
34.03
46.32
60.50
76.57
94.53
114.4
136.1
159.8
185.3
212.7
242.0
273.2
3-1/8 in. Width
15.76
24.62
35.45
48.25
63.02
79.76
98.47
119.1
141.8
166.4
193.0
221.6
252.1
284.6
rx (in.)
1.588
1.985
2.382
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
1.588
1.985
2.382
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
1.588
1.985
2.382
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in.4)
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 0.722 in.)
7.161
5.729
8.952
7.161
10.74
8.594
12.53
10.03
14.32
11.46
16.11
12.89
17.90
14.32
19.69
15.76
21.48
17.19
23.27
18.62
25.07
20.05
26.86
21.48
28.65
22.92
30.44
24.35
(ry = 0.866 in.)
12.38
8.250
15.47
10.31
18.56
12.38
21.66
14.44
24.75
16.50
27.84
18.56
30.94
20.63
34.03
22.69
37.13
24.75
40.22
26.81
43.31
28.88
46.41
30.94
49.50
33.00
52.59
35.06
(ry = 0.902 in.)
13.99
8.952
17.48
11.19
20.98
13.43
24.48
15.67
27.97
17.90
31.47
20.14
34.97
22.38
38.46
24.62
41.96
26.86
45.46
29.09
48.96
31.33
52.45
33.57
55.95
35.81
59.45
38.05
Table 1D
Depth
d (in.)
23

Timber (Cont.)
Ix (in. )
5-1/2
6-7/8
8-1/4
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
19.25
24.06
28.88
33.69
38.50
43.31
48.13
52.94
57.75
62.56
67.38
72.19
77.00
81.81
48.53
94.78
163.8
260.1
388.2
552.7
758.2
1009
1310
1666
2081
2559
3106
3725
6-7/8
8-1/4
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
24-3/4
26-1/8
27-1/2
28-7/8
30-1/4
31-5/8
33
34-3/8
35-3/4
34.38
41.25
48.13
55.00
61.88
68.75
75.63
82.50
89.38
96.25
103.1
110.0
116.9
123.8
130.6
137.5
144.4
151.3
158.1
165.0
171.9
178.8
135.4
234.0
371.5
554.6
789.6
1083
1442
1872
2380
2972
3656
4437
5322
6317
7429
8665
10030
11530
13180
14970
16920
19040
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
3-1/2 in. Width
17.65
27.57
39.70
54.04
70.58
89.33
110.3
133.4
158.8
186.4
216.2
248.1
282.3
318.7
5 in. Width
39.39
56.72
77.20
100.8
127.6
157.6
190.6
226.9
266.3
308.8
354.5
403.3
455.3
510.5
568.8
630.2
694.8
762.6
833.5
907.5
984.7
1065
rx (in.)
1.588
1.985
2.382
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
1.985
2.382
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
7.145
7.542
7.939
8.335
8.732
9.129
9.526
9.923
10.32
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 1.010 in.)
19.65
11.23
24.56
14.04
29.48
16.84
34.39
19.65
39.30
22.46
44.21
25.27
49.13
28.07
54.04
30.88
58.95
33.69
63.87
36.49
68.78
39.30
73.69
42.11
78.60
44.92
83.52
47.72
(ry = 1.443 in.)
71.61
28.65
85.94
34.38
100.3
40.10
114.6
45.83
128.9
51.56
143.2
57.29
157.6
63.02
171.9
68.75
186.2
74.48
200.5
80.21
214.8
85.94
229.2
91.67
243.5
97.40
257.8
103.1
272.1
108.9
286.5
114.6
300.8
120.3
315.1
126.0
329.4
131.8
343.8
137.5
358.1
143.2
372.4
149.0
4
3
SECTION PROPERTIES
Area
A (in.2)
24
SECTION PROPERTIES
Table 1D

Timber (Cont.)
Depth
d (in.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in.4)
6-7/8
8-1/4
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
24-3/4
26-1/8
27-1/2
28-7/8
30-1/4
31-5/8
33
34-3/8
35-3/4
35.23
42.28
49.33
56.38
63.42
70.47
77.52
84.56
91.61
98.66
105.7
112.8
119.8
126.8
133.9
140.9
148.0
155.0
162.1
169.1
176.2
183.2
138.8
239.8
380.8
568.4
809.4
1110
1478
1919
2439
3047
3747
4548
5455
6475
7615
8882
10280
11820
13510
15350
17350
19510
6-7/8
8-1/4
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
24-3/4
26-1/8
27-1/2
28-7/8
30-1/4
31-5/8
33
34-3/8
35-3/4
37.81
45.38
52.94
60.50
68.06
75.63
83.19
90.75
98.31
105.9
113.4
121.0
128.6
136.1
143.7
151.3
158.8
166.4
173.9
181.5
189.1
196.6
148.9
257.4
408.7
610.0
868.6
1191
1586
2059
2618
3269
4021
4880
5854
6949
8172
9532
11030
12690
14500
16470
18620
20940
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
5-1/8 in. Width
40.37
58.14
79.13
103.4
130.8
161.5
195.4
232.5
272.9
316.5
363.4
413.4
466.7
523.2
583.0
646
712.2
781.6
854.3
930.2
1009
1092
5-1/2 in. Width
43.33
62.39
84.92
110.9
140.4
173.3
209.7
249.6
292.9
339.7
389.9
443.7
500.9
561.5
625.6
693.2
764.3
838.8
916.8
998.3
1083
1172
rx (in.)
1.985
2.382
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
7.145
7.542
7.939
8.335
8.732
9.129
9.526
9.923
10.32
1.985
2.382
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
7.145
7.542
7.939
8.335
8.732
9.129
9.526
9.923
10.32
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in.4)
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 1.479 in.)
77.12
30.10
92.55
36.12
108.0
42.13
123.4
48.15
138.8
54.17
154.2
60.19
169.7
66.21
185.1
72.23
200.5
78.25
215.9
84.27
231.4
90.29
246.8
96.31
262.2
102.3
277.6
108.3
293.1
114.4
308.5
120.4
323.9
126.4
339.3
132.4
354.8
138.4
370.2
144.5
385.6
150.5
401.0
156.5
(ry = 1.588 in.)
95.32
34.66
114.4
41.59
133.4
48.53
152.5
55.46
171.6
62.39
190.6
69.32
209.7
76.26
228.8
83.19
247.8
90.12
266.9
97.05
286.0
104.0
305.0
110.9
324.1
117.8
343.1
124.8
362.2
131.7
381.3
138.6
400.3
145.6
419.4
152.5
438.5
159.4
457.5
166.4
476.6
173.3
495.7
180.2
Table 1D
25

Timber (Cont.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
6-7/8
8-1/4
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
24-3/4
26-1/8
27-1/2
28-7/8
30-1/4
31-5/8
33
34-3/8
35-3/4
37-1/8
38-1/2
39-7/8
41-1/4
42-5/8
44
45-3/8
46-3/4
48-1/8
49-1/2
50-7/8
52-1/4
53-5/8
55
56-3/8
57-3/4
59-1/8
60-1/2
46.41
55.69
64.97
74.25
83.53
92.81
102.1
111.4
120.7
129.9
139.2
148.5
157.8
167.1
176.3
185.6
194.9
204.2
213.5
222.8
232.0
241.3
250.6
259.9
269.2
278.4
287.7
297.0
306.3
315.6
324.8
334.1
343.4
352.7
362.0
371.3
380.5
389.8
399.1
408.4
182.8
315.9
501.6
748.7
1066
1462
1946
2527
3213
4012
4935
5990
7184
8528
10030
11700
13540
15570
17790
20210
22850
25700
28780
32100
35660
39480
43560
47920
52550
57470
62700
68220
74070
80240
86740
93590
100800
108300
116300
124600
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
6-3/4 in. Width
53.17
76.57
104.2
136.1
172.3
212.7
257.4
306.3
359.5
416.9
478.6
544.5
614.7
689.1
767.8
850.8
938.0
1029
1125
1225
1329
1438
1551
1668
1789
1914
2044
2178
2316
2459
2606
2757
2912
3071
3235
3403
3575
3752
3933
4118
rx (in.)
1.985
2.382
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
7.145
7.542
7.939
8.335
8.732
9.129
9.526
9.923
10.32
10.72
11.11
11.51
11.91
12.30
12.70
13.10
13.50
13.89
14.29
14.69
15.08
15.48
15.88
16.27
16.67
17.07
17.46
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 1.949 in.)
176.2
52.21
211.4
62.65
246.7
73.09
281.9
83.53
317.2
93.97
352.4
104.4
387.6
114.9
422.9
125.3
458.1
135.7
493.4
146.2
528.6
156.6
563.8
167.1
599.1
177.5
634.3
187.9
669.6
198.4
704.8
208.8
740.0
219.3
775.3
229.7
810.5
240.2
845.8
250.6
881.0
261.0
916.2
271.5
951.5
281.9
986.7
292.4
1022
302.8
1057
313.2
1092
323.7
1128
334.1
1163
344.6
1198
355.0
1233
365.4
1269
375.9
1304
386.3
1339
396.8
1374
407.2
1410
417.7
1445
428.1
1480
438.5
1515
449.0
1551
459.4
4
3
SECTION PROPERTIES
Depth
d (in.)
26
SECTION PROPERTIES
Table 1D

Timber (Cont.)
Depth
d (in.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
9-5/8
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
24-3/4
26-1/8
27-1/2
28-7/8
30-1/4
31-5/8
33
34-3/8
35-3/4
37-1/8
38-1/2
39-7/8
41-1/4
42-5/8
44
45-3/8
46-3/4
48-1/8
49-1/2
50-7/8
52-1/4
53-5/8
55
56-3/8
57-3/4
59-1/8
60-1/2
81.81
93.50
105.2
116.9
128.6
140.3
151.9
163.6
175.3
187.0
198.7
210.4
222.1
233.8
245.4
257.1
268.8
280.5
292.2
303.9
315.6
327.3
338.9
350.6
362.3
374.0
385.7
397.4
409.1
420.8
432.4
444.1
455.8
467.5
479.2
490.9
502.6
514.3
631.6
942.8
1342
1841
2451
3182
4046
5053
6215
7542
9047
10740
12630
14730
17050
19610
22400
25460
28770
32360
36240
40420
44910
49720
54860
60340
66170
72370
78950
85910
93270
101000
109200
117800
126900
136400
146400
156900
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
8-1/2 in. Width
131.2
171.4
216.9
267.8
324.1
385.7
452.6
525.0
602.6
685.7
774.1
867.8
966.9
1071
1181
1296
1417
1543
1674
1811
1953
2100
2253
2411
2574
2743
2917
3096
3281
3471
3667
3868
4074
4285
4502
4725
4952
5185
rx (in.)
2.778
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
7.145
7.542
7.939
8.335
8.732
9.129
9.526
9.923
10.32
10.72
11.11
11.51
11.91
12.30
12.70
13.10
13.50
13.89
14.29
14.69
15.08
15.48
15.88
16.27
16.67
17.07
17.46
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 2.454 in.)
492.6
115.9
562.9
132.5
633.3
149.0
703.7
165.6
774.1
182.1
844.4
198.7
914.8
215.2
985.2
231.8
1056
248.4
1126
264.9
1196
281.5
1267
298.0
1337
314.6
1407
331.1
1478
347.7
1548
364.3
1618
380.8
1689
397.4
1759
413.9
1830
430.5
1900
447.0
1970
463.6
2041
480.2
2111
496.7
2181
513.3
2252
529.8
2322
546.4
2393
562.9
2463
579.5
2533
596.1
2604
612.6
2674
629.2
2744
645.7
2815
662.3
2885
678.8
2955
695.4
3026
712.0
3096
728.5
4
Table 1D
27

Timber (Cont.)
Area
A (in.2)
Ix (in. )
11
12-3/8
13-3/4
15-1/8
16-1/2
17-7/8
19-1/4
20-5/8
22
23-3/8
24-3/4
26-1/8
27-1/2
28-7/8
30-1/4
31-5/8
33
34-3/8
35-3/4
37-1/8
38-1/2
39-7/8
41-1/4
42-5/8
44
45-3/8
46-3/4
48-1/8
49-1/2
50-7/8
52-1/4
53-5/8
55
56-3/8
57-3/4
59-1/8
60-1/2
115.5
129.9
144.4
158.8
173.3
187.7
202.1
216.6
231.0
245.4
259.9
274.3
288.8
303.2
317.6
332.1
346.5
360.9
375.4
389.8
404.3
418.7
433.1
447.6
462.0
476.4
490.9
505.3
519.8
534.2
548.6
563.1
577.5
591.9
606.4
620.8
635.3
1165
1658
2275
3028
3931
4997
6242
7677
9317
11180
13270
15600
18200
21070
24220
27680
31440
35540
39980
44770
49930
55480
61420
67760
74540
81740
89400
97530
106100
115200
124800
134900
145600
156800
168500
180900
193800
X-X Axis
Sx (in.3)
10-1/2 in. Width
211.8
268.0
330.9
400.3
476.4
559.2
648.5
744.4
847.0
956.2
1072
1194
1323
1459
1601
1750
1906
2068
2237
2412
2594
2783
2978
3180
3388
3603
3825
4053
4288
4529
4778
5032
5294
5562
5836
6118
6405
rx (in.)
3.175
3.572
3.969
4.366
4.763
5.160
5.557
5.954
6.351
6.748
7.145
7.542
7.939
8.335
8.732
9.129
9.526
9.923
10.32
10.72
11.11
11.51
11.91
12.30
12.70
13.10
13.50
13.89
14.29
14.69
15.08
15.48
15.88
16.27
16.67
17.07
17.46
Y-Y Axis
Iy (in. )
Sy (in.3)
(ry = 3.031 in.)
1061
202.1
1194
227.4
1326
252.7
1459
277.9
1592
303.2
1724
328.5
1857
353.7
1990
379.0
2122
404.3
2255
429.5
2388
454.8
2520
480.0
2653
505.3
2786
530.6
2918
555.8
3051
581.1
3183
606.4
3316
631.6
3449
656.9
3581
682.2
3714
707.4
3847
732.7
3979
758.0
4112
783.2
4245
808.5
4377
833.8
4510
859.0
4643
884.3
4775
909.6
4908
934.8
5040
960.1
5173
985.4
5306
1011
5438
1036
5571
1061
5704
1086
5836
1112
4
3
SECTION PROPERTIES
Depth
d (in.)
28
SECTION PROPERTIES
only to be used with the 2005 NDS and Wood Structural Design Data
2005 DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT
29
REFERENCE
DESIGN VALUES
4
Table 4A Reference Design Values for Visually Graded

Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick) ........................... s30
Table 4B Reference Design Values for Visually Graded
Southern Pine Dimension Lumber
(2" - 4" thick) ............................................................. s37
Table 4C Reference Design Values for Mechanically
Graded Dimension Lumber ..................................... s40
Table 4D Reference Design Values for Visually Graded
Timbers (5" x 5" and larger) ................................... s44
Table 4E Reference Design Values for Visually Graded
Decking ....................................................................... s51
Table 4F Reference Design Values for Non-North
American Visually Graded Dimension Lumber
(2" - 4" thick) ............................................................. s55
Table 5A Reference Design Values for Structural Glued
primarily in bending) ................................................ s59
Table 5B Reference Design Values for Structural Glued
primarily in axial tension or compression) ............. s64
Table 5C Reference Design Values for Structural Glued
Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members
stressed primarily in bending) ................................. s67
Table 5D Reference Design Values for Structural Glued
Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members
stressed primarily in axial tension or
compression) .............................................................. s69
2005 REFERENCE DESIGN VALUES
30
Table 4A
Adjustment Factors
Repetitive Member Factor, Cr
Bending design values, Fb, for dimension lumber 2"

to 4" thick shall be multiplied by the repetitive member
factor, Cr = 1.15, when such members are used as joists,
truss chords, rafters, studs, planks, decking, or similar
members which are in contact or spaced not more than
24" on center, are not less than 3 in number and are joined
by floor, roof, or other load distributing elements adequate
to support the design load.
Flat Use Factor, Cfu
Bending design values adjusted by size factors are

based on edgewise use (load applied to narrow face). When
dimension lumber is used flatwise (load applied to wide
face), the bending design value, Fb, shall also be multiplied by the following flat use factors:
Flat Use Factors, Cfu
Wet Service Factor, CM
When dimension lumber is used where moisture content will exceed 19% for an extended time period, design
values shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service
factors from the following table:
Thickness (breadth)
Width
(depth)
2" & 3"
4"
2" & 3"

4"
5"
6"
8"
10" & wider
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.15
1.15
1.2
1.0
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.1
Wet Service Factors, CM

Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
E and Emin
NOTE
0.85*
1.0
0.97
0.67
0.8**
0.9
To facilitate the use of Table 4A, shading has been

employed to distinguish design values based on a 4"
nominal width (Construction, Standard, and Utility
grades) or a 6" nominal width (Stud grade) from design values based on a 12" nominal width (Select Structural, No.1 & Btr, No.1, No.2, and No.3 grades).
* when (Fb)(CF) 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0

** when (Fc)(CF) 750 psi, CM = 1.0
Size Factor, CF
Tabulated bending, tension, and compression parallel to grain design values for dimension lumber 2" to 4" thick shall
be multiplied by the following size factors:
Size Factors, CF
Fb
Ft
Fc
Thickness (breadth)
Grades
Select
Structural,
No.1 & Btr,
No.1, No.2,
No.3
Stud
Construction,
Standard
Utility
Width (depth)
2", 3", & 4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14" & wider
2", 3", & 4"
5" & 6"
8" & wider
2", 3", & 4"
4"
2" & 3"
2" & 3"
4"
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
Use No.3 Grade tabulated design values and size factors
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.4
1.0
1.0
0.4
1.15
1.1
1.1
1.05
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.05
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.6
Table 4A
31
Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2" - 4"
thick)1,2,3
USE WITH TABLE 4A ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

Design values in pounds per square inch (psi)
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
250
ALASKA CEDAR
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
1,150
975
800
450
625
900
500
250
625
525
425
250
350
500
275
125
165
165
165
165
165
165
165
165
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
525
1,000
900
750
425
475
950
775
500
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
1,300
900
825
475
650
950
525
250
825
550
475
275
375
550
300
150
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
185
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
1,200
1,100
1,050
600
650
1,250
1,050
700
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
620,000
580,000
550,000
510,000
510,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
1,400
950
875
500
675
1,000
550
275
900
600
500
300
400
575
325
150
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
1,200
1,100
1,050
600
675
1,250
1,050
700
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
580,000
550,000
510,000
470,000
470,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
1,350
900
800
475
625
925
500
250
800
525
450
250
350
500
275
125
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
510
1,200
1,050
1,000
575
625
1,250
1,050
675
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
550,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
440,000
470,000
400,000
400,000
875
625
600
350
475
700
375
175
500
375
350
200
275
400
225
100
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
725
600
450
275
300
625
475
300
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
800,000
400,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
330,000
330,000
330,000
290,000
1,200
1,000
825
475
650
925
525
250
650
550
450
250
350
500
275
125
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
1,200
1,050
900
525
575
1,100
925
600
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
510,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
440,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
WCLIB
ALASKA HEMLOCK
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WWPA
ALASKA SPRUCE
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WWPA
ALASKA YELLOW CEDAR

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
WWPA
ASPEN
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NELMA
NSLB
WWPA
BALDCYPRESS
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
SPIB
REFERENCE DESIGN VALUES
(All species except Southern Pine see Table 4B) (Tabulated design values are for normal load
duration and dry service conditions. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value
adjustment factors.)
32
Table 4A
(Cont.)
thick)1,2,3
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
250
BEECH-BIRCH-HICKORY
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
1,450
1,050
1,000
575
775
1,150
650
300
850
600
600
350
450
675
375
175
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
715
1,200
950
750
425
475
1,000
775
500
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
620,000
580,000
550,000
470,000
470,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
875
625
625
350
475
700
400
175
525
375
350
200
275
400
225
100
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
775
625
475
275
300
650
500
325
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
440,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
370,000
330,000
330,000
1,500
1,200
1,000
900
525
700
1,000
575
275
1,000
800
675
575
325
450
650
375
175
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
1,700
1,550
1,500
1,350
775
850
1,650
1,400
900
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
690,000
660,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
550,000
510,000
470,000
1,350
1,150
850
475
650
950
525
250
825
750
500
300
400
575
325
150
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
1,900
1,800
1,400
825
900
1,800
1,450
950
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
690,000
660,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
550,000
510,000
470,000
1,350
925
850
500
675
975
550
250
900
600
525
300
425
600
350
150
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
1,600
1,450
1,350
775
850
1,650
1,400
900
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
1,250
775
575
350
450
675
375
175
575
350
275
150
200
300
175
75
140
140
140
140
140
140
140
140
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
1,200
1,000
825
475
525
1,050
850
550
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
330,000
370,000
330,000
290,000
NELMA
COTTONWOOD
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NSLB
DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH
Select Structural
No.1 & Btr
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider
2" & wider

2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
WWPA
DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH (NORTH)

Select Structural
No.1 & Btr
No.1/No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NLGA
DOUGLAS FIR-SOUTH
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WWPA
EASTERN HEMLOCK-BALSAM FIR

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NELMA
NSLB
Table 4A
(Cont.)
33
thick)1,2,3

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
250
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
1,250
775
575
350
450
675
375
175
575
350
275
150
200
300
175
75
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
555
1,200
1,000
825
475
525
1,050
850
550
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
330,000
370,000
330,000
290,000
NELMA
NSLB
1,250
775
575
350
450
675
375
175
575
350
275
150
200
300
175
75
140
140
140
140
140
140
140
140
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
1,200
1,000
825
475
525
1,050
850
550
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
330,000
370,000
330,000
290,000
NELMA
NSLB
1,250
775
575
350
450
675
375
175
575
350
275
150
200
300
175
75
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
1,200
1,000
825
475
525
1,050
850
550
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
330,000
370,000
330,000
290,000
NELMA
NSLB
1,400
1,100
975
850
500
675
975
550
250
925
725
625
525
300
400
600
325
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
1,500
1,350
1,350
1,300
725
800
1,550
1,300
850
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
580,000
550,000
550,000
470,000
440,000
440,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
1,300
1,200
1,000
575
775
1,150
650
300
775
725
575
325
450
650
350
175
145
145
145
145
145
145
145
145
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
405
1,700
1,550
1,450
850
925
1,750
1,500
975
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
620,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
550,000
510,000
470,000
1,000
725
700
400
550
800
450
225
600
425
425
250
325
475
275
125
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
875
700
550
325
350
725
575
375
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
EASTERN SOFTWOODS
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
EASTERN WHITE PINE

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
HEM-FIR
Select Structural
No.1 & Btr
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider
2" & wider

2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
WWPA
HEM-FIR (NORTH)
Select Structural
No.1 & Btr
No.1/No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider
2" & wider

2" - 4" wide
NLGA
MIXED MAPLE
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NELMA
34
Table 4A
(Cont.)
thick)1,2,3
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
250
MIXED OAK
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
1,150
825
800
475
625
925
525
250
675
500
475
275
375
550
300
150
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1,000
825
625
375
400
850
650
425
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
290,000
290,000
330,000
290,000
290,000
1,400
1,000
975
550
750
1,100
625
300
800
575
575
325
450
650
350
175
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
885
1,150
925
725
425
450
975
750
500
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
510,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
440,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
1,000
600
350
475
700
400
175
450
275
150
225
300
175
75
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
1,100
850
500
550
1,050
875
575
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
370,000
330,000
330,000
775
575
550
325
425
625
350
175
450
325
325
175
250
375
200
100
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
750
600
475
275
300
625
475
325
800,000
700,000
700,000
600,000
600,000
700,000
600,000
600,000
290,000
260,000
260,000
220,000
220,000
260,000
220,000
220,000
1,300
925
900
525
700
1,050
575
275
750
550
525
300
425
600
325
150
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
615
1,100
900
700
400
450
925
725
475
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
620,000
580,000
550,000
470,000
470,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
1,150
825
800
475
625
925
525
250
675
500
475
275
375
550
300
150
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
820
1,000
825
625
375
400
850
650
425
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
NELMA
NORTHERN RED OAK

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NELMA
NORTHERN SPECIES
Select Structural
No.1/No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NLGA
NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NELMA
RED MAPLE
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NELMA
RED OAK
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NELMA
Table 4A
(Cont.)
35
thick)1,2,3

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
250
REDWOOD
Clear Structural
Select Structural
Select Structural, open grain
No.1
No.1, open grain
No.2
No.2, open grain
No.3
No.3, open grain
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
2" & wider
2" & wider

2" - 4" wide
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
1,750
1,350
1,100
975
775
925
725
525
425
575
825
450
225
1,000
800
625
575
450
525
425
300
250
325
475
275
125
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
650
650
425
650
425
650
425
650
425
425
425
425
425
1,850
1,500
1,100
1,200
900
950
700
550
400
450
925
725
475
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
800,000
510,000
510,000
400,000
470,000
400,000
440,000
370,000
400,000
330,000
330,000
330,000
330,000
290,000
RIS
1,250
875
500
675
1,000
550
275
700
450
250
350
500
275
125
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
1,400
1,150
650
725
1,400
1,150
750
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
440,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
NLGA
1,300
875
775
450
600
875
500
225
575
400
350
200
275
400
225
100
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
1,200
1,050
1,000
575
625
1,200
1,000
675
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
370,000
330,000
330,000
NELMA
NSLB
WCLIB
WWPA
1,000
725
700
400
550
800
450
225
600
425
425
250
325
475
275
125
155
155
155
155
155
155
155
155
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
425
1,000
825
650
375
400
850
650
425
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
330,000
330,000
330,000
290,000
290,000
WCLIB
WWPA
900
675
675
375
525
775
425
200
400
300
300
175
225
350
200
100
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
1,050
950
900
525
575
1,100
925
600
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
330,000
370,000
330,000
290,000
WCLIB
WWPA
SPRUCE-PINE-FIR
Select Structural
No.1/No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
SPRUCE-PINE-FIR (SOUTH)
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WESTERN CEDARS
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WESTERN WOODS
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
4
36
Table 4A
(Cont.)
thick)1,2,3
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
250
WHITE OAK
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
1,200
875
850
475
650
950
525
250
700
500
500
275
375
550
325
150
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1,100
900
700
400
450
925
725
475
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
290,000
290,000
330,000
290,000
290,000
1,000
725
700
400
550
800
450
200
575
425
400
225
325
475
250
125
145
145
145
145
145
145
145
145
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
420
900
725
575
325
350
750
575
375
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
550,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
440,000
470,000
400,000
400,000
NELMA
YELLOW POPLAR
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
NSLB
1. LUMBER DIMENSIONS. Tabulated design values are applicable to lumber that will be used under dry conditions such as in most covered structures. For 2" to
4" thick lumber the DRY dressed sizes shall be used (see Table 1A) regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture or use. In calculating design
values, the natural gain in strength and stiffness that occurs as lumber dries has been taken into consideration as well as the reduction in size that occurs when
unseasoned lumber shrinks. The gain in load carrying capacity due to increased strength and stiffness resulting from drying more than offsets the design effect of
size reductions due to shrinkage.
2. STRESS-RATED BOARDS. Stress-rated boards of nominal 1", 1-" and 1-" thickness, 2" and wider, of most species, are permitted to use the design values
shown for Select Structural, No.1 & Btr, No.1, No.2, No.3, Stud, Construction, Standard, Utility, and Clear Structural grades as shown in the 2" to 4" thick
categories herein, when graded in accordance with the stress-rated board provisions in the applicable grading rules. Information on stress-rated board grades
applicable to the various species is available from the respective grading rules agencies. Information on additional design values may also be available from the
respective grading rules agencies.
3. When individual species or species groups are combined, the design values to be used for the combination shall be the lowest design values for each individual
species or species group for each design property.
37
Table 4B Adjustment Factors
Appropriate size adjustment factors have already been

incorporated in the tabulated design values for most thicknesses of Southern Pine and Mixed Southern Pine dimension lumber. For dimension lumber 4" thick, 8" and wider
(all grades except Dense Structural 86, Dense Structural
72, and Dense Structural 65), tabulated bending design
values, Fb, shall be permitted to be multiplied by the size
factor, CF = 1.1. For dimension lumber wider than 12"
(all grades except Dense Structural 86, Dense Structural
72, and Dense Structural 65), tabulated bending, tension
and compression parallel to grain design values for 12"
wide lumber shall be multiplied by the size factor, CF =
0.9. When the depth, d, of Dense Structural 86, Dense
Structural 72, or Dense Structural 65 dimension lumber
exceeds 12", the tabulated bending design value,
Fb, shall be multiplied by the following size factor:

Thickness (breadth)
Width
(depth)
2" & 3"
4"
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.15
1.15
1.2
1.0
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.1
2" & 3"

4"
5"
6"
8"
10" & wider

CF = (12/d)
1/9

factors from the following table (for surfaced dry Dense
Structural 86, Dense Structural 72, and Dense Structural
65 use tabulated surfaced green design values for wet service conditions without further adjustment):
Fb
0.85*
Ft
1.0
Fv
0.97
* when (Fb)(CF) 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0

** when (Fc) 750 psi, CM = 1.0
Fc
0.67
Fc E and Emin
0.8**
0.9
4
Size Factor, CF
38
Table 4B
Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Southern Pine Dimension

Lumber (2" - 4" thick)1,2,3,4,5
(Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions, unless specified
otherwise. See NDS 4.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)
USE WITH TABLE 4B ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
250
SOUTHERN PINE
Dense Select Structural
Select Structural
Non-Dense Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.1 Non-Dense
No.2 Dense
No.2
No.2 Non-Dense
No.3 and Stud
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
2" - 4" wide
4" wide
5" - 6" wide
8" wide
10" wide
12" wide
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
1,000,000
3,050
2,850
2,650
2,000
1,850
1,700
1,700
1,500
1,350
850
1,650
1,600
1,350
1,100
1,050
900
875
825
775
475
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
2,250
2,100
1,950
2,000
1,850
1,700
1,850
1,650
1,600
975
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
690,000
660,000
620,000
660,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
1,100
625
300
625
350
175
175
175
175
565
565
565
1,800
1,500
975
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
550,000
470,000
470,000
2,700
2,550
2,350
1,750
1,650
1,500
1,450
1,250
1,150
750
1,500
1,400
1,200
950
900
800
775
725
675
425
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
2,150
2,000
1,850
1,900
1,750
1,600
1,750
1,600
1,500
925
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
690,000
660,000
620,000
660,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
2,450
2,300
2,100
1,650
1,500
1,350
1,400
1,200
1,100
700
1,350
1,300
1,100
875
825
725
675
650
600
400
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
2,050
1,900
1,750
1,800
1,650
1,550
1,700
1,550
1,450
875
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
690,000
660,000
620,000
660,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
2,150
2,050
1,850
1,450
1,300
1,200
1,200
1,050
950
600
1,200
1,100
950
775
725
650
625
575
550
325
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
2,000
1,850
1,750
1,750
1,600
1,500
1,650
1,500
1,400
850
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
690,000
660,000
620,000
660,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
2,050
1,900
1,750
1,350
1,250
1,150
1,150
975
900
575
1,100
1,050
900
725
675
600
575
550
525
325
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
660
565
480
660
565
480
660
565
480
565
1,950
1,800
1,700
1,700
1,600
1,500
1,600
1,450
1,350
825
1,900,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
690,000
660,000
620,000
660,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
SPIB
Table 4B
(Cont.)
39
Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Southern Pine Dimension

Lumber (2" - 4" thick)1,2,3,4,5
USE WITH TABLE 4B ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Bending
Fb
SOUTHERN PINE
Dense Structural 86
Dense Structural 72
Dense Structural 65
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
(Surfaced Dry - Used in dry service conditions - 19% or less moisture content)
2" & wider
2,600
2,200
2,000
1,750
1,450
1,300
660,000
660,000
660,000
SPIB
2,100
1,750
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,050
165
165
165
440
440
440
1,300
1,100
1,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
580,000
580,000
580,000
SPIB
2,050
1,450
1,300
750
1,200
875
775
450
175
175
175
175
565
565
565
565
1,800
1,650
1,650
950
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
580,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
1,000
550
275
600
325
150
175
175
175
565
565
565
1,700
1,450
950
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
1,850
1,300
1,150
675
1,100
750
675
400
175
175
175
175
565
565
565
565
1,700
1,550
1,550
875
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
580,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
1,750
1,200
1,050
625
1,000
700
625
375
175
175
175
175
565
565
565
565
1,600
1,450
1,450
850
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
580,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
1,500
1,050
925
525
875
600
550
325
175
175
175
175
565
565
565
565
1,600
1,450
1,450
825
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
580,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
1,400
975
875
500
825
575
525
300
175
175
175
175
565
565
565
565
1,550
1,400
1,400
800
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
580,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
SOUTHERN PINE
Dense Structural 86
Dense Structural 72
Dense Structural 65
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
175
175
175
660
660
660
2,000
1,650
1,500
1,800,000
1,800,000
1,800,000
(Surfaced Green - Used in any service condition)

2-1/2" & wider
2-1/2"-4" thick
MIXED SOUTHERN PINE

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3 and Stud
2" - 4" wide
4" wide
5" - 6" wide
8" wide
10" wide
12" wide
SPIB
4" thick lumber the DRY dressed sizes shall be used (see Table 1A) regardless of the moisture content at the time of manufacture or use. In calculating design values,
the natural gain in strength and stiffness that occurs as lumber dries has been taken into consideration as well as the reduction in size that occurs when unseasoned
lumber shrinks. The gain in load carrying capacity due to increased strength and stiffness resulting from drying more than offsets the design effect of size reductions
due to shrinkage.
2. STRESS-RATED BOARDS. Information for various grades of Southern Pine stress-rated boards of nominal 1", 1-", and 1-" thickness, 2" and wider is
available from the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) in the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber.
3. SPRUCE PINE. To obtain recommended design values for Spruce Pine graded to SPIB rules, multiply the appropriate design values for Mixed Southern Pine by
the corresponding conversion factor shown below and round to the nearest 100,000 psi for E; to the nearest 10,000 psi for Emin; to the next lower multiple of 5 psi
for Fv and Fc; to the next lower multiple of 50 psi for Fb, Ft, and Fc if 1,000 psi or greater, 25 psi otherwise.
CONVERSION FACTORS FOR DETERMINING DESIGN VALUES FOR SPRUCE PINE

Tension
Shear
Compression
Compression
Modulus
parallel
parallel
perpendicular
parallel
of
Bending
to grain
to grain
to grain
to grain
Elasticity
Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
E and Emin
Conversion
Factor
0.78
0.78
0.98
0.73
0.78
0.82
4. SIZE FACTOR. For sizes wider than 12", use size factors for Fb, Ft, and Fc specified for the 12" width. Use 100% of the Fv, Fc, E, and Emin specified for the 12"
width.
4
40
Table 4C Adjustment Factors

based on edgewise use (load applied to narrow face).
When dimension lumber is used flatwise (load applied
to wide face), the bending design value, Fb, shall also be
multiplied by the following flat use factors:
Width
(depth)
Thickness (breadth)
2" & 3"

4"
5"
6"
8"
10" & wider
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.15
1.15
1.2
2"

Fb
0.85*
Ft
1.0
Fv
0.97
* when Fb 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0

** when Fc 750 psi, CM = 1.0
Fc
0.67
Fc
0.8**
E and Emin
0.9
Table 4C
41
Reference Design Values for Mechanically Graded Dimension Lumber1,2,3

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
900
1,200
1,250
1,350
1,400
1,450
1,450
1,500
1,600
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,650
1,700
1,750
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,950
1,950
2,000
2,100
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,400
2,400
2,500
2,500
2,550
2,700
2,700
2,850
3,000
350
600
800
750
800
800
875
900
950
1,020
1,020
1,075
1,175
1,020
1,175
1,125
1,300
1,175
1,200
1,375
1,375
1,300
1,575
1,750
1,750
1,750
1,600
1,750
1,925
1,925
1,750
1,925
2,050
1,800
2,150
2,300
2,400
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading Rules Agency
MACHINE STRESS RATED (MSR)

LUMBER
900f-1.0E
1200f-1.2E
1250f-1.4E
1350f-1.3E
1400f-1.2E
1450f-1.3E
1450f-1.5E
1500f-1.4E
1600f-1.4E
1650f-1.3E
1650f-1.5E
1650f-1.6E-1075ft
1650f-1.6E
1650f-1.8E
1700f-1.6E
1750f-2.0E
1800f-1.5E
1800f-1.6E
1800f-1.8E
1950f-1.5E
1950f-1.7E
2000f-1.6E
2100f-1.8E
2250f-1.7E
2250f-1.8E
2250f-1.9E
2250f-2.0E-1600ft
2250f-2.0E
2400f-1.8E
2400f-2.0E
2500f-2.2E
2500f-2.2E-1925ft
2550f-2.1E
2700f-2.0E
2700f-2.2E
2850f-2.3E
3000f-2.4E
2" and less

in thickness
2" and wider
1,050
1,400
1,475
1,600
1,600
1,625
1,625
1,650
1,675
1,700
1,700
1,700
1,700
1,750
1,725
1,725
1,750
1,750
1,750
1,800
1,800
1,825
1,875
1,925
1,925
1,925
1,925
1,925
1,975
1,975
2,000
2,000
2,025
2,100
2,100
2,150
2,200
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,500,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,900,000
2,000,000
2,000,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
2,200,000
2,200,000
2,100,000
2,000,000
2,200,000
2,300,000
2,400,000
510,000
610,000
710,000
660,000
610,000
660,000
760,000
710,000
710,000
660,000
760,000
810,000
810,000
910,000
810,000
1,020,000
760,000
810,000
910,000
760,000
860,000
810,000
910,000
860,000
910,000
970,000
1,020,000
1,020,000
910,000
1,020,000
1,120,000
1,120,000
1,070,000
1,020,000
1,120,000
1,170,000
1,220,000
WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB

NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB
WCLIB, WWPA
NLGA, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
NLGA, WWPA
NLGA, WWPA
NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA, NELMA, NSLB
WCLIB, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
NLGA, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
SPIB, WWPA
NLGA, WWPA
NLGA, WWPA
NLGA, WCLIB, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
NLGA, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
WCLIB, WWPA
NLGA, SPIB
4
USE WITH TABLE 4C ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
42
Table 4C
(Cont.)
Reference Design Values for Mechanically Graded Dimension Lumber1,2,3

USE WITH TABLE 4C ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
900
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,400
1,550
1,600
1,600
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,950
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,300
2,350
2,400
2,700
2,750
2,800
3,000
2,200
1,550
2,050
2,850
500
600
650
700
800
800
850
850
950
1,000
1,100
1,300
1,300
1,200
1,300
1,600
1,400
1,500
1,900
1,800
2,000
1,800
2,000
1,600
850
1,050
1,600
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
MACHINE EVALUATED LUMBER

(MEL)
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
M-11
M-12
M-13
M-14
M-15
M-16
M-17[4]
M-18
M-19
M-20[4]
M-21
M-22
M-23
M-24
M-25
M-26
M-27[4]
M-28
M-29
M-30
M-31
2" and less

in thickness
2" and wider
1,050
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,600
1,675
1,675
1,675
1,750
1,750
1,750
2,050
1,825
1,825
2,100
1,950
1,950
1,975
2,100
2,100
2,150
2,400
1,900
1,650
1,850
2,150
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,900,000
1,900,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,900,000
2,200,000
2,000,000
2,100,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,700,000
1,900,000
510,000
470,000
510,000
610,000
650,000
560,000
700,000
750,000
650,000
790,000
700,000
700,000
790,000
840,000
750,000
890,000
890,000
790,000
840,000
890,000
1,030,000
930,000
980,000
790,000
790,000
790,000
890,000
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
NLGA, SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
SPIB
43
2. SPECIFIC GRAVITY, G, SHEAR PARALLEL TO GRAIN, FV, AND COMPRESSION PERPENDICULAR TO GRAIN, Fc. Values for specific gravity,
G, shear parallel to grain, Fv, and compression perpendicular to grain, Fc, are provided below for MSR and MEL lumber. For species or species groups not shown
below, the G, Fv, and Fc values for visually graded lumber may be used. Higher G values may be claimed when (a) specifically assigned by the rules writing agency
or (b) when qualified by test, quality controlled for G and provided for on the grade stamp. When a different G value is provided on the grade stamp, higher Fv and
Fc design values may be calculated in accordance with the grading rule requirements.
Design Values
Species
Douglas Fir-Larch
Douglas Fir-Larch (N)

Douglas Fir-South
Modulus of
Elasticity
E (x106), psi
Specific
Gravity
G
Shear Parallel
to Grain
Fv, psi
Compression
Perpendicular
to Grain
Fc, psi
4
1.0 and higher
0.50
180
625
WCLIB, WWPA
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
180
180
180
185
185
670
690
715
735
760
WCLIB, WWPA
1.2 to 1.9
2.0 to 2.2
0.49
0.53
180
180
625
715
2.3 and higher
0.57
190
715
NLGA
1.0 and higher
0.46
180
520
WWPA
NLGA
Englemann Spruce-
1.0 and higher
0.38
135
335
WWPA
Lodgepole Pine
1.5 and higher
0.46
160
555
WWPA
1.0 and higher
0.43
150
405
WCLIB, WWPA
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
155
160
160
165
170
170
175
190
190
510
535
555
580
600
625
645
670
690
Hem-Fir (N)
1.0 and higher
0.46
145
405
Southern Pine
1.0 and higher
0.55
175
565
SPIB
1.8 and higher
0.57
190
805
SPIB
1.2 and higher
0.42
135
425
NLGA
Hem-Fir
Spruce-Pine-Fir
Spruce-Pine-Fir (South)
WCLIB, WWPA
NLGA
1.8 to 1.9
0.46
160
525
NLGA
2.0 and higher
0.50
170
615
NLGA
1.0 and higher
0.36
135
335
NELMA, NSLB, WCLIB, WWPA
1.2 to 1.9
0.42
150
465
NELMA, NSLB
1.2 to 1.7
1.8 to 1.9
0.42
0.46
150
160
465
555
WWPA
2.0 and higher
0.50
175
645
NELMA, NSLB, WWPA
Western Cedars
1.0 and higher
0.36
155
425
WCLIB, WWPA
Western Woods
1.0 and higher
0.36
135
335
WCLIB, WWPA
3. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, E, AND TENSION PARALLEL TO GRAIN, Ft. For any given bending design value, Fb, the modulus of elasticity, E, and
tension parallel to grain, Ft, design value may vary depending upon species, timber source, or other variables. The E and Ft values included in the Fb-E grade
designations in Table 4C are those usually associated with each Fb level. Grade stamps may show higher or lower values if machine rating indicates the
assignment is appropriate. Where the E or Ft values shown on a grade stamp differ from Table 4C values associated with the Fb on the grade stamp, the values
on the stamp shall be used in design, and the Fc value associated with the Fb value in Table 4C shall be used.
4. COMPRESSION PARALLEL TO GRAIN, Fc. This grade requires Fc qualification and quality control.
Table 4C Footnotes
44
Table 4D Adjustment Factors
Size Factor, CF
When the depth, d, of a beam, stringer, post, or timber

exceeds 12", the tabulated bending design value, Fb, shall
be multiplied by the following size factor:
CF = (12/d)1/9
When beams and stringers are subjected to loads applied to the wide face, tabulated design values shall be
multiplied by the following size factors:
Size Factors, CF
Grade
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Fb E and Emin Other Properties

0.86
1.00
1.00
0.74
0.90
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
When timbers are used where moisture content will

exceed 19% for an extended time period, design values
shall be multiplied by the appropriate wet service factors
from the following table (for Southern Pine and Mixed
Southern Pine use tabulated design values without further
adjustment):
Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.67
0.91
E and Emin
1.00
Table 4D
45
Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Timbers (5" x 5" and larger)1,3
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
ALASKA CEDAR
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
250
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,400
1,150
750
675
475
300
155
155
155
525
525
525
925
775
500
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
440,000
440,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,300
1,050
625
700
575
350
155
155
155
525
525
525
975
850
600
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
440,000
440,000
370,000
5"x5" and
Larger
1,150
1,000
625
750
675
425
200
200
175
615
615
615
1,050
925
600
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,350
1,100
725
900
750
350
125
125
125
305
305
305
950
800
500
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
510,000
510,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,250
1,000
575
825
675
375
125
125
125
305
305
305
1,000
875
400
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
510,000
510,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,650
1,400
900
975
700
450
180
180
180
715
715
715
975
825
525
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
550,000
550,000
440,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,550
1,250
725
1,050
850
475
180
180
180
715
715
715
1,050
900
425
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
550,000
550,000
440,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,150
950
625
675
475
325
115
115
115
455
455
455
775
650
425
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
550,000
550,000
440,000
Select Structural
No.1
No .2
Posts and
Timbers
1,100
875
525
725
575
350
115
115
115
455
455
455
825
725
500
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
550,000
550,000
440,000
1,900
1,600
1,550
1,350
875
1,100
950
775
675
425
170
170
170
170
170
730
625
730
625
625
1,300
1,100
1,100
925
600
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,300,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
470,000
1,750
1,500
1,400
1,200
750
1,150
1,000
950
825
475
170
170
170
170
170
730
625
730
625
625
1,350
1,150
1,200
1,000
700
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,300,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
470,000
1,900
1,600
1,550
1,350
1,000
875
1,100
950
775
675
500
425
170
170
170
170
170
170
730
625
730
625
730
625
1,300
1,100
1,100
925
700
600
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
470,000
1,750
1,500
1,400
1,200
850
750
1,150
1,000
950
825
550
475
170
170
170
170
170
170
730
625
730
625
730
625
1,350
1,150
1,200
1,000
825
700
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
620,000
580,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
470,000
4
WCLIB
BALDCYPRESS
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
SPIB
BALSAM FIR
NELMA
NSLB
BEECH-BIRCH-HICKORY
NELMA
COAST SITKA SPRUCE
NLGA
DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH
Select Structural
Dense No.1
No.1
No.2
Select Structural
Dense No.1
No.1
No.2
Select Structural
Dense No.1
No.1
No.2 Dense
No.2
Select Structural
Dense No.1
No.1
No.2 Dense
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
Posts and
Timbers
Beams and
Stringers
Posts and
Timbers
WCLIB
WWPA
USE WITH TABLE 4D ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
46
Table 4D
(Cont.)

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
250
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,600
1,300
875
950
675
425
170
170
170
625
625
625
1,100
925
600
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,300,000
580,000
580,000
470,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,500
1,200
725
1,000
825
475
170
170
170
625
625
625
1,150
1,000
700
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,300,000
580,000
580,000
470,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,550
1,300
825
900
625
425
165
165
165
520
520
520
1,000
850
550
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
440,000
440,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,450
1,150
675
950
775
450
165
165
165
520
520
520
1,050
925
650
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
440,000
440,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,350
1,150
750
925
775
375
155
155
155
550
550
550
950
800
550
1,200,000
1,200,000
900,000
440,000
440,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,250
1,050
600
850
700
400
155
155
155
550
500
550
1,000
875
400
1,200,000
1,200,000
900,000
440,000
440,000
330,000
NLGA
DOUGLAS FIR-SOUTH
WWPA
EASTERN HEMLOCK
NELMA
NSLB
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,400
1,150
750
925
775
375
155
155
155
555
555
555
950
800
500
1,200,000
1,200,000
900,000
440,000
440,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,300
1,050
600
875
700
400
155
155
155
555
555
555
1,000
875
400
1,200,000
1,200,000
900,000
440,000
440,000
330,000
NELMA
NSLB
EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK (N)

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,450
1,200
775
850
600
400
165
165
165
555
555
555
950
800
500
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
470,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,350
1,100
650
900
725
425
165
165
165
555
555
555
1,000
875
600
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
470,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,050
900
575
725
600
275
135
135
135
390
390
390
750
625
375
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,000,000
510,000
510,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,000
800
450
675
550
300
135
135
135
390
390
390
775
675
300
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,000,000
510,000
510,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,050
875
575
700
600
275
125
125
125
350
350
350
675
575
400
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
975
800
450
650
525
300
125
125
125
350
350
350
725
625
325
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
NLGA
EASTERN SPRUCE
NELMA
NSLB
EASTERN WHITE PINE
NELMA
NSLB
Table 4D
(Cont.)
47
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
HEM-FIR
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
250
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
180
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
520
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
900
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,300
1,050
675
750
525
350
140
140
140
405
405
405
925
750
500
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
470,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,200
975
575
800
650
375
140
140
140
405
405
405
975
850
575
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
470,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,250
1,000
675
725
500
325
135
135
135
405
405
405
900
750
475
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
470,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,150
925
550
775
625
375
135
135
135
405
405
405
950
850
575
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
470,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,150
975
625
700
500
325
180
180
180
620
620
620
725
600
375
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,100
875
500
725
600
350
180
180
180
620
620
620
750
650
300
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,350
1,150
725
800
550
375
155
155
155
800
800
800
825
700
450
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
370,000
370,000
290,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,250
1,000
575
850
675
400
155
155
155
800
800
800
875
775
350
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
370,000
370,000
290,000
5"x5" and
Larger
1,500
1,350
850
1,000
900
550
165
165
165
375
375
375
900
800
525
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,350
1,100
725
775
550
375
170
170
170
570
570
570
875
725
475
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,250
1,000
625
825
675
400
170
170
170
570
570
570
925
800
550
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,250
1,050
675
850
700
350
135
135
135
435
435
435
850
725
450
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,150
950
550
800
650
375
135
135
135
435
435
435
900
800
375
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,600
1,350
875
950
675
425
205
205
205
885
885
885
950
800
500
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,500
1,200
700
1,000
800
475
205
205
205
885
885
885
1,000
875
400
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
4
WCLIB
WWPA
HEM-FIR (NORTH)
NLGA
MIXED MAPLE
NELMA
MIXED OAK
MIXED SOUTHERN PINE 2

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
NELMA
(Wet Service Conditions)

SPIB
MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK
WCLIB
WWPA
NORTHERN PINE
NELMA
NSLB
NORTHERN RED OAK
NELMA
48
Table 4D
(Cont.)

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
900
750
500
600
500
250
115
115
115
370
370
370
600
500
325
700,000
700,000
600,000
260,000
260,000
220,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
850
675
400
575
450
250
115
115
115
370
370
370
650
550
250
700,000
700,000
600,000
260,000
260,000
220,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,100
925
600
725
500
300
130
130
130
535
535
535
750
625
400
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,000
825
475
675
550
325
130
130
130
535
535
535
800
700
325
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,500
1,250
800
875
625
400
195
195
195
615
615
615
900
750
475
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
550,000
550,000
440,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,400
1,150
650
925
750
425
195
195
195
615
615
615
950
825
375
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
550,000
550,000
440,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,350
1,150
725
800
550
375
155
155
155
820
820
820
825
700
450
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
440,000
440,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,250
1,000
575
850
675
400
155
155
155
820
820
820
875
775
350
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
440,000
440,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,050
875
575
625
450
300
130
130
130
440
440
440
725
600
375
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,000
800
475
675
550
325
130
130
130
440
440
440
775
675
475
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
5" x 5" and

Larger
1,850
1,400
1,100
1,200
950
1,000
750
1,250
950
750
800
650
525
400
145
145
145
145
145
145
145
650
650
420
650
420
650
420
1,650
1,200
900
1,050
800
900
650
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
900,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
470,000
370,000
400,000
330,000
NELMA
PONDEROSA PINE
NLGA
RED MAPLE
NELMA
RED OAK
NELMA
RED PINE
NLGA
REDWOOD
Clear Structural
Select Structural
Select Structural OG
No.1
No.1 OG
No.2
No.2 OG
RIS
SITKA SPRUCE
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,200
1,000
650
675
500
325
140
140
140
435
435
435
825
675
450
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,150
925
550
750
600
350
140
140
140
435
435
435
875
750
525
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,200
1,000
650
675
500
325
140
140
140
435
435
435
825
675
450
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
470,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,150
925
550
750
600
350
140
140
140
435
435
435
875
750
525
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
470,000
400,000
WCLIB
WWPA
Table 4D
(Cont.)
49
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
SOUTHERN PINE
Select Structural
No.1 Dense
No.1
No.2 Dense
No.2
Dense Select Structural 86
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
250
5" x 5" and
Larger
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
150
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
180(Wet Service
520Conditions)
900
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
1,000,000
1,750
1,500
1,550
1,350
975
850
2,100
1,750
1,600
1,200
1,000
1,050
900
650
550
1,400
1,200
1,050
165
165
165
165
165
165
165
165
165
440
375
440
375
440
375
440
440
440
1,100
950
975
825
625
525
1,300
1,100
1,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
580,000
550,000
580,000
550,000
470,000
440,000
580,000
580,000
580,000
4
SPIB
SPRUCE-PINE-FIR
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,100
900
600
650
450
300
125
125
125
425
425
425
775
625
425
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,050
850
500
700
550
325
125
125
125
425
425
425
800
700
500
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,050
900
575
625
450
300
125
125
125
335
335
335
675
550
375
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
440,000
440,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,000
800
475
675
550
325
125
125
125
335
335
335
700
625
425
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
440,000
440,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,150
975
625
675
475
325
140
140
140
425
425
425
875
725
475
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
370,000
370,000
290,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,100
875
550
725
600
350
140
140
140
425
425
425
925
800
550
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
370,000
370,000
290,000
NLGA
NELMA
NSLB
WWPA
WCLIB
WESTERN CEDARS
WCLIB
WWPA
WESTERN CEDARS (NORTH)

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,150
925
625
675
475
300
130
130
130
425
425
425
850
700
450
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
370,000
370,000
290,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,050
875
500
700
575
350
130
130
130
425
425
425
900
800
550
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
370,000
370,000
290,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,400
1,150
750
825
575
375
170
170
170
410
410
410
1,000
850
550
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
510,000
510,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,300
1,050
650
875
700
425
170
170
170
410
410
410
1,100
950
650
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
510,000
510,000
400,000
NLGA
WESTERN HEMLOCK
WCLIB
WWPA
WESTERN HEMLOCK (NORTH)

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,400
1,150
750
825
575
375
135
135
135
410
410
410
1,000
850
550
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
510,000
510,000
400,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,300
1,050
650
875
700
425
135
135
135
410
410
410
1,100
950
650
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
510,000
510,000
400,000
NLGA
50
Table 4D
(Cont.)

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
WESTERN WHITE PINE

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,050
850
550
600
425
275
120
120
120
375
375
375
775
625
400
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
975
775
450
650
525
300
120
120
120
375
375
375
800
700
500
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,000,000
470,000
470,000
370,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,050
900
575
625
450
300
125
125
125
345
345
345
750
625
425
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,000
800
475
675
525
325
125
125
125
345
345
345
800
700
475
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Beams and
Stringers
1,400
1,200
750
825
575
375
205
205
205
800
800
800
900
775
475
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
370,000
370,000
290,000
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
Posts and
Timbers
1,300
1,050
600
875
700
400
205
205
205
800
800
800
950
825
400
1,000,000
1,000,000
800,000
370,000
370,000
290,000
NLGA
WESTERN WOODS
WCLIB
WWPA
WHITE OAK
NELMA
Footnotes to Table 4D
1. LUMBER DIMENSIONS. Tabulated design values are applicable to lumber that will be used under dry conditions such as in most covered structures. For 5" and
thicker lumber, the GREEN dressed sizes shall be permitted to be used (see Table 1A) because design values have been adjusted to compensate for any loss in size
by shrinkage which may occur.
2. SPRUCE PINE. To obtain recommended design values for Spruce Pine graded to Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) rules, multiply the appropriate design
values for Mixed Southern Pine by the corresponding conversion factor shown below and round to the nearest 100,000 psi for E; to the nearest 10,000 psi for Emin;
to the next lower multiple of 5 psi for Fv and Fc; to the next lower multiple of 50 psi for Fb, Ft, and Fc if 1,000 psi or greater, 25 psi otherwise.
CONVERSION FACTORS FOR DETERMINING DESIGN VALUES FOR SPRUCE PINE
Conversion
Factor
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E and Emin
0.78
0.78
0.98
0.73
0.78
0.82
51
Table 4E Adjustment Factors
Bending design values for all species of decking except Redwood are based on 4" thick decking. When 2"
thick or 3" thick decking is used, the bending design values, Fb, for all species except Redwood shall be multiplied by the following size factors:
CF
2"
3"
1.10
1.04
Tabulated bending design values, Fb, for decking have

already been adjusted for flatwise usage (load applied to
wide face).
When decking is used where moisture content will

exceed 19% for an extended time period, design values
from the following table (for surfaced dry Southern Pine
decking use tabulated surfaced green design values for wet
service conditions without further adjustment):
Size Factors, CF
Thickness

Tabulated bending design values for repetitive member uses, (Fb)(Cr), for decking have already been multiplied by the repetitive member factor, Cr.

Fb
Fc
E and Emin
0.85*
0.67
0.9
* when (Fb)(CF) 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0
4
Size Factor, CF
52
Table 4E
Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Decking1,2

USE WITH TABLE 4E ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

Bending
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Single
Member
Fb
Repetitive
Member
(Fb)(Cr)
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
BALSAM FIR
Select
Commercial
2" - 4" thick

4" - 12" wide
1,650
1,400
1,500,000
1,300,000
550,000
470,000
NELMA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,250
1,050
1,450
1,200
455
455
1,700,000
1,500,000
620,000
550,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,250
1,050
1,450
1,200
370
370
1,500,000
1,400,000
550,000
510,000
NLGA
Select Dex
Commercial Dex
2" - 4" thick

6" - 8" wide
1,750
1,450
2,000
1,650
625
625
1,800,000
1,700,000
660,000
620,000
WCLIB
Selected
Commercial
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,750
1,450
2,000
1,650
625
625
1,800,000
1,700,000
660,000
620,000
WWPA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,750
1,450
2,000
1,650
625
625
1,800,000
1,700,000
660,000
620,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,650
1,400
1,900
1,600
520
520
1,400,000
1,300,000
510,000
470,000
WWPA
1,700
1,450
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
400,000
NELMA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,500
1,250
1,700
1,450
555
555
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
400,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

4" - 12" wide
1,300
1,100
1,500,000
1,400,000
550,000
510,000
NELMA
2" - 4" thick

4" - 12"wide
1,300
1,100
1,200,000
1,100,000
440,000
400,000
NELMA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
900
775
1,050
875
350
350
1,200,000
1,100,000
440,000
400,000
NLGA
Select Dex
Commercial Dex
2" - 4" thick

6" - 8" wide
1,400
1,150
1,600
1,350
405
405
1,500,000
1,400,000
550,000
510,000
WCLIB
Selected
Commercial
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,400
1,150
1,600
1,350
405
405
1,500,000
1,400,000
550,000
510,000
WWPA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,350
1,100
1,500
1,300
405
405
1,500,000
1,400,000
550,000
510,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

4" - 12" wide
1,550
1,300
1,400,000
1,300,000
510,000
470,000
NELMA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
900
775
1,050
875
350
350
1,100,000
1,000,000
400,000
370,000
NLGA
COAST SITKA SPRUCE

Select
Commercial
COAST SPECIES
Select
Commercial
DOUGLAS FIR-LARCH

Select
Commercial
DOUGLAS FIR-SOUTH
Selected
Commercial
Select
Commercial
2" - 4" thick

4" - 12" wide
EASTERN HEMLOCK-TAMARACK (NORTH)

Select
Commercial
EASTERN SPRUCE
Select
Commercial
EASTERN WHITE PINE

Select
Commercial
EASTERN WHITE PINE (NORTH)

Select
Commercial
HEM-FIR
HEM-FIR (NORTH)
Select
Commercial
NORTHERN PINE
Select
Commercial
NORTHERN SPECIES
Select
Commercial
Table 4E
(Cont.)
53


Bending
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Single
Member
Fb
Repetitive
Member
(Fb)(Cr)
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Grading
Rules
Agency
Emin

Select
Commercial
2" - 4" thick

4" - 12" wide
1,100
950
800,000
700,000
290,000
260,000
NELMA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,200
1,000
1,450
1,250
535
535
1,300,000
1,100,000
470,000
400,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,150
975
1,350
1,100
440
440
1,300,000
1,200,000
470,000
440,000
NLGA
2" thick
1,850
1,450
1,200
2,150
1,700
1,350
1,400,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
510,000
400,000
370,000
PONDEROSA PINE
Select
Commercial
RED PINE
Select
Commercial
REDWOOD
Select, Close grain
Select
Commercial
6" & wider
Deck Heart
and
2" thick
4" wide
400
450
420
900,000
330,000
Deck Common
2" thick
6" wide
700
800
420
900,000
330,000
1,300
1,100
1,500
1,250
435
435
1,500,000
1,300,000
550,000
470,000
RIS
SITKA SPRUCE
Select Dex
Commercial Dex
2" - 4" thick

6" - 8" wide
SOUTHERN PINE
Dense Standard
Dense Select
Select
Dense Commercial
Commercial
WCLIB
(Surfaced dry Used in dry service conditions 19% or less moisture content)
2,000
1,650
1,400
1,650
1,400
2,300
1,900
1,650
1,900
1,650
1,600
1,350
1,150
1,350
1,150
1,800
1,500
1,300
1,500
1,300
440
440
375
440
375
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
510,000
510,000
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,200
1,000
1,400
1,150
425
425
1,500,000
1,300,000
550,000
470,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,150
950
1,350
1,100
335
335
1,400,000
1,200,000
510,000
440,000
NELMA
WWPA
Select Dex
Commercial Dex
2" - 4" thick

6" - 8" wide
1,250
1,050
1,450
1,200
425
425
1,100,000
1,000,000
400,000
370,000
WCLIB
Selected
Commercial
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,250
1,050
1,450
1,200
425
425
1,100,000
1,000,000
400,000
370,000
WWPA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,200
1,050
1,400
1,200
425
425
1,100,000
1,000,000
400,000
370,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

6" & wider
1,500
1,300
1,750
1,450
410
410
1,600,000
1,400,000
580,000
510,000
WCLIB
2" - 4" thick

2" & wider
SOUTHERN PINE
Dense Standard
Dense Select
Select
Dense Commercial
Commercial
660
660
565
660
565
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
1,600,000
660,000
580,000
580,000
580,000
580,000
SPIB
(Surfaced Green Used in any service condition)

2-1/2" - 4" thick
2" & wider
SPIB
SPRUCE-PINE-FIR
Select
Commercial
Selected
Commercial
WESTERN CEDARS
WESTERN CEDARS (NORTH)

Select
Commercial
WESTERN HEMLOCK
Select Dex
Commercial Dex
54
Table 4E
(Cont.)


Bending
Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Single
Member
Fb
Repetitive
Member
(Fb)(Cr)
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
WESTERN HEMLOCK (NORTH)

Select
Commercial
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,500
1,300
1,750
1,450
410
410
1,600,000
1,400,000
580,000
510,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,100
925
1,300
1,050
375
375
1,400,000
1,300,000
510,000
470,000
NLGA
2" - 4" thick

4" & wider
1,150
950
1,300
1,100
335
335
1,200,000
1,100,000
440,000
400,000
WWPA
WESTERN WHITE PINE

Select
Commercial
WESTERN WOODS
Selected
Commercial
55
Table 4F Adjustment Factors

24" on center, are not less than 3 in number, and are joined

Thickness (breadth)
Width
(depth)
2" & 3"
4"
2" & 3"

4"
5"
6"
8"
10" & wider
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.15
1.15
1.2
1.0
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.1

Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
E and Emin
0.85*
1.0
0.97
0.67
0.8**
0.9
NOTE
* when (Fb)(CF) 1,150 psi, CM = 1.0

** when (Fc)(CF) 750 psi, CM = 1.0
To facilitate the use of Table 4F, shading has been employed to distinguish design values based on a 4" nominal width (Construction, Standard, and Utility grades)
or a 6" nominal width (Stud grade) from design values based on a 12" nominal width (Select Structural,
No.1 & Btr, No.1, No.2, and No.3 grades).
Size Factor, CF
Tabulated bending, tension, and compression parallel to grain design values for dimension lumber 2" to 4" thick shall
be multiplied by the following size factors:
Size Factors, CF
Fb
Ft
Fc
Thickness (breadth)
Grades
Select
Structural,
No.1 & Btr,
No.1, No.2,
No.3
Stud
Construction,
Standard
Utility
Width (depth)
2", 3", & 4"
5"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14" & wider
2", 3", & 4"
5" & 6"
8" & wider
2", 3", & 4"
4"
2" & 3"
2" & 3"
4"
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
Use No.3 Grade tabulated design values and size factors
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.4
1.0
1.0
0.4
1.15
1.1
1.1
1.05
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.05
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.6
4
56
Table 4F
Reference Design Values for Non-North American Visually Graded

Dimension Lumber (2" - 4" thick)1,3,4
(Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS 4.3 for a
comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)
USE WITH TABLE 4F ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
1,500
1,000
925
525
725
1,050
575
275
675
450
400
225
325
475
250
125
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
175
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
1,250
1,100
1,050
625
675
1,300
1,100
725
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
620,000
580,000
550,000
470,000
470,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
1,900
1,400
1,350
775
800
1,000
575
275
850
625
600
350
350
450
250
125
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
195
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
1,400
1,250
1,250
700
700
1,250
1,100
700
1,800,000
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
660,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
510,000
550,000
470,000
470,000
975
650
600
350
475
675
375
175
425
300
275
150
200
300
175
75
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
1,100
950
850
475
525
1,050
875
575
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
900,000
900,000
800,000
800,000
470,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
330,000
330,000
290,000
290,000
1,200
800
700
400
550
800
450
200
550
375
300
175
250
350
200
100
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
430
430
430
430
430
430
430
430
1,200
1,050
925
525
575
1,150
950
625
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
1,350
825
625
375
575
725
400
200
600
375
275
175
250
325
175
75
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
1,200
1,000
875
500
600
1,100
900
600
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
1,200
825
725
425
575
825
475
225
550
375
325
200
250
375
200
100
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
355
355
355
355
355
355
355
355
1,200
1,050
950
550
600
1,200
975
650
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
580,000
510,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
Bending
Fb
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
AUSTRIAN SPRUCE - Austria &

The Czech Republic
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
DOUGLAS FIR/EUROPEAN LARCH Austria, The Czech Republic, & Bavaria2

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
MONTANE PINE - South Africa

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
NORWAY SPRUCE - Estonia &

Lithuania
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
NORWAY SPRUCE - Finland

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
NORWAY SPRUCE - Germany,

NE France, & Switzerland
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
Table 4F
(Cont.)
57

Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Bending
Fb
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
NORWAY SPRUCE - Romania & the

Ukraine
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
1,250
850
725
425
575
850
475
225
575
375
325
200
250
375
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
275
1,200
1,050
950
550
600
1,200
1,000
650
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
550,000
510,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
1,250
825
675
400
550
775
425
200
550
375
300
175
250
350
200
100
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
285
285
285
285
285
285
285
285
1,200
1,050
925
525
575
1,150
950
625
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
580,000
510,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
1,300
900
775
450
600
875
500
225
600
400
350
200
275
400
225
100
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
135
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
1,200
1,050
1,000
575
625
1,200
1,000
675
1,700,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
620,000
580,000
510,000
470,000
470,000
470,000
440,000
400,000
1,100
750
650
375
525
750
425
200
500
350
300
175
225
325
200
100
130
130
130
130
130
130
130
130
430
430
430
430
430
430
430
430
1,150
1,000
900
525
575
1,100
925
600
1,500,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
550,000
470,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
1,300
950
925
525
725
1,050
600
275
600
425
425
250
325
475
275
125
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
1,200
1,100
1,100
625
675
1,300
1,100
725
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
550,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
440,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
1,200
800
700
400
550
800
450
225
550
375
325
175
250
375
200
100
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
395
1,200
1,050
950
550
600
1,150
975
625
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
900,000
580,000
510,000
400,000
370,000
370,000
400,000
370,000
330,000
WCLIB
NORWAY SPRUCE - Sweden

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
SCOTS PINE - Austria, The Czech

Republic, Romania, & the Ukraine
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
SCOTS PINE - Estonia & Lithuania

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
SCOTS PINE - Finland

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
SCOTS PINE - Germany5

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
58
Table 4F
(Cont.)


Species and
commercial grade
Size
classification
Tension
parallel
to grain
Ft
Shear
parallel
to grain
Fv
1,350
825
575
325
450
650
375
175
600
375
250
150
200
300
175
75
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
410
410
410
410
410
410
410
410
1,200
1,000
825
475
525
1,050
850
550
1,700,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
620,000
550,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
950
725
725
425
575
825
475
225
425
325
325
200
250
375
200
100
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
1,100
975
950
550
600
1,150
975
650
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
550,000
510,000
470,000
400,000
400,000
440,000
400,000
370,000
1,100
775
725
425
575
825
475
225
500
350
325
200
250
375
200
100
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
440
1,150
1,000
950
550
600
1,150
975
650
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,100,000
900,000
900,000
1,000,000
900,000
800,000
440,000
400,000
400,000
330,000
330,000
370,000
330,000
290,000
1,700
1,150
1,000
575
800
1,150
650
300
775
525
450
250
350
525
300
125
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
710
710
710
710
710
710
710
710
1,250
1,150
1,100
650
700
1,350
1,150
750
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
1,200,000
550,000
550,000
550,000
510,000
510,000
510,000
470,000
440,000
Bending
Fb
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Fc
Compression
parallel
to grain
Fc
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
Emin
Grading
Rules
Agency
SCOTS PINE - Sweden

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
SILVER FIR (Abies alba) - Germany,

NE France, & Switzerland
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
WCLIB
SOUTHERN PINE - Misiones Argentina

Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
SPIB
SOUTHERN PINE - Misiones

Argentina, Free of Heart Center and
Medium Grain Density
Select Structural
No.1
No.2
No.3
Stud
Construction
Standard
Utility
2" & wider

2" & wider
2" - 4" wide
SPIB
unseasoned lumber shrinks. The gain in the load carrying capacity due to increased strength and stiffness resulting from drying more than offsets the design effect
of size reductions due to shrinkage.
2. Design values are applicable only for 2x4 dimensional lumber and shall not be multiplied by the size factor adjustment.
3. Specific Gravity, G, values for Non-North American Species are provided below in lieu of providing G values in NDS Table 11.3.2A
Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity
Austrian Spruce - Austria & The Czech Republic
0.43
Scots Pine - Austria, The Czech Republic, Romania, & the Ukraine
0.50
Douglas Fir/European Larch - Austria,
0.48
Scots Pine - Estonia & Lithuania
0.45
The Czech Republic, & Bavaria
Scots Pine - Finland
0.48
Montane Pine - South Africa
0.45
Scots Pine - Germany*
0.53
Norway Spruce - Estonia & Lithuania
0.43
Scots Pine - Sweden
0.47
Norway Spruce - Finland
0.42
Silver Fir (Abies alba) - Germany, NE France, & Switzerland
0.43
Norway Spruce - Germany, NE France, & Switzerland
0.42
Southern Pine - Misiones Argentina, Free of Heart Center
0.54
Norway Spruce - Romania & the Ukraine
0.38
and Medium Grain Density
Norway Spruce - Sweden
0.42
Southern Pine - Misiones Argentina
0.45
* See footnote 5.
5. Does not include states of Baden-Wurttemburg and Saarland.
59
Table 5A Adjustment Factors
Tabulated bending design values for loading perpendicular to wide faces of laminations, Fbx, for structural
glued laminated bending members shall be multiplied by
the following volume factor:
When structural glued laminated timber is used where

moisture content will be 16% or greater, design values
from the following table:
CV = (21/L)1/x (12/d)1/x (5.125/b)1/x 1.0
where:
L = length of bending member between points of
Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
0.8
0.8
0.875
0.53
Fc E and Emin
0.73
0.833
zero moment, ft
d = depth of bending member, in.
b = width (breadth) of bending member, in. For
multiple piece width, b = width of widest piece in
the layup. Thus b 10.75".
x = 20 for Southern Pine
x = 10 for all other species
The volume factor shall not apply simultaneously with

the beam stability factor (see 5.3.6). Therefore, the lesser
of these adjustment factors shall apply.
Tabulated bending design values for loading parallel

to wide faces of laminations, Fby, shall be multiplied by
the following flat use factors when the member dimension parallel to wide faces of laminations is less than 12":
Member dimension parallel
to wide faces of laminations
Cfu
10-3/4" or 10-1/2"
8-3/4" or 8-1/2"
6-3/4"
5-1/8" or 5"
3-1/8" or 3"
2-1/2"
1.01
1.04
1.07
1.10
1.16
1.19
Volume Factor, CV
(7)
(7)(8)
3000
2800
2600
(1)
(2)
2400
2300
1950
1450
1450
1100
(psi)
925
Fbx-
740
740
650
650
500
425
(psi)
315
Fcx
(3)
(3)
(6)
(6)
300
300
265
265
210
210
(psi)
195
Fvx (4)
Shear
Parallel
to Grain
(Horizontal)
2.1
2.1
(9)
(9)
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.09
1.09
(9)
(9)
0.98
0.93
0.88
0.78
Ex min
(106 psi)
0.67
Ex
Modulus
of
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
(106 psi)
1.3
Modulus
of
Elasticity
1750
1600
1600
1450
1050
800
(psi)
800
Fby
Extreme
Fiber in
Bending
650
650
560
560
315
315
(psi)
315
Fcy
Compression
Perpendicular
to Grain
(3)
(3)
260
260
230
230
185
185
(psi)
170
Fvy (4)(5)
Shear
Parallel
to Grain
(Horizontal)
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.2
(106 psi)
1.1
Ey
Modulus
of
Elasticity
0.88
0.88
0.83
0.83
0.67
0.62
(106 psi)
0.57
Ey min
Modulus
of
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
1250
1250
1150
1100
775
725
(psi)
675
Ft
Tension
Parallel to
Grain
1750
1750
1600
1600
1000
925
(psi)
925
Fc
Compression
Parallel to
Grain
Axially Loaded
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.3
(106 psi)
1.2
Eaxial
Modulus
of
Elasticity
(10)
(10)
0.55
0.55
0.50
0.50
0.42
0.42
0.42
Specific Gravity
for
Fastener Design
Fasteners
Design values in this table represent design values for groups of similar structural glued laminated timber combinations. Higher design values for some properties may be
obtained by specifying a particular combination listed in Table 5A Expanded. Design values are for members with 4 or more laminations. For 2 and 3 lamination members,
see Table 5B. Some stress classes are not available in all species. Contact structural glued laminated timber manufacturer for availability.
1. For balanced layups, Fbx- shall be equal to Fbx+ for the stress class. Designer shall specify when balanced layup is required.
2. Negative bending stress, Fbx-, is permitted to be increased to 1,850 psi for Douglas Fir and to 1,950 psi for Southern Pine for specific combinations. Designer shall specify when these increased stresses are
required.
3. For structural glued laminated timber of Southern Pine, the basic shear design values, Fvx and Fvy, are permitted to be increased to 300 psi and 260 psi, respectively.
4. The design value for shear, Fvx and Fvy, shall be decreased by multiplying by a factor of 0.72 for non-prismatic members, notched members, and for all members subject to impact or cyclic loading. The reduced
design value shall be used for design of members at connections that transfer shear by mechanical fasteners (NDS 3.4.3.3). The reduced design value shall also be used for determination of design values for radial
tension (NDS 5.2.2).
5. Design values are for timbers with laminations made from a single piece of lumber across the width or multiple pieces that have been edge bonded. For timbers manufactured from multiple piece laminations
(across width) that are not edge bonded, value shall be multiplied by 0.4 for members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations or by 0.5 for all other members. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote
(4).
6. Certain Southern Pine combinations may contain lumber with wane. If lumber with wane is used, the design value for shear parallel to grain, Fvx, shall be multiplied by 0.67 if wane is allowed on both sides. If
wane is limited to one side, Fvx shall be multiplied by 0.83. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (4).
7. 26F, 28F, and 30F beams are not produced by all manufacturers, therefore, availability may be limited. Contact supplier or manufacturer for details.
8. 30F combinations are restricted to a maximum 6" nominal width.
9. For 28F and 30F members with more than 15 laminations, Ex = 2.0 million psi and Ex min = 1.04 million psi.
10. For structural glued laminated timber of Southern Pine, specific gravity for fastener design is permitted to be increased to 0.55.
30F-2.1E SP
28F-2.1E SP
26F-1.9E
2400
24F-1.8E
2000
(psi)
1600
Fbx+
2400
(7)
Compression
Zone
Stressed
in Tension
Compression
Perpendicular
to Grain
Loaded Parallel to Wide

Faces of Laminations
(Positive Bending) (Negative Bending)
Tension
Zone
Stressed
in Tension
Extreme Fiber in
Bending
Bending About Y-Y Axis
Bending About X-X Axis

Loaded Perpendicular to Wide
Use with Table 5A Adjustment Factors
(Members stressed primarily in bending) (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS
5.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)
Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber
24F-1.7E
20F-1.5E
16F-1.3E
Stress Class
Table 5A
60
Outer/Core
Symbol
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
16F-V2
16F-V3
16F-V5
16F-E1
16F-E3
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
20F-V2
20F-V3
20F-V5
20F-E1
20F-E3
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
(5)
24F-V1
24F-V4
24F-V5
DF/HF
DF/HF
HF/HF
HF/HF
24F-V5
24F-V10
24F-E11
24F-E15
24F-1.7E
DF/DF
DF/DF
HF/HF
AC/AC
AC/AC
HF/HF
DF/DF
DF/DF
HF/HF
20F-V3
20F-V7
20F-V9
20F-V12
20F-V13
20F-E2
20F-E3
20F-E6
20F-E7
20F-1.5E
DF/DF
HF/HF
DF/DF
DF/DF
HF/HF
16F-V6
16F-E2
16F-E3
16F-E6
16F-E7
16F-1.3E
Species
Combination
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,450
2,400
1,750
1,450
1,600
2,400
2,400
1,600
1,550
1,450
2,000
1,250
2,000
1,100
1,450
2,000
2,000
1,400
2,000
1,400
1,200
2,000
2,000
1,350
1,450
1,600
1,250
1,600
925
1,600
1,050
1,200
1,600
1,600
(psi)
(psi)
Tension
Fbx-
(2)
Compression
Zone
Stressed
in
Fbx+
Tension
Tension
Zone
Stressed
in
Extreme Fiber in
Bending
740
740
740
650
650
500
500
740
650
740
650
650
650
650
500
560
560
500
560
560
500
650
740
650
650
650
560
375
560
560
375
500
425
650
740
650
650
650
500
500
650
650
740
650
650
560
650
500
560
560
500
560
560
500
650
740
650
650
650
210
300
300
210
215
215
215
215
300
300
300
300
300
210
265
265
215
265
265
215
265
265
215
300
300
300
300
300
195
265
215
215
265
215
(psi)
(psi)
315
Fvx (3)
Shear Parallel
to Grain
(Horizontal)
Fcx
560
375
560
560
375
Compression
Perpendicular
to Grain
Tension Compression
Face
Face
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.4
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.78
0.78
0.83
0.88
0.88
0.78
0.83
0.83
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.83
0.88
0.88
0.83
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.83
0.83
0.67
0.78
0.67
0.83
0.83
0.73
(10 psi)
(10 psi)
Ex min
Modulus
of
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
Ex
Modulus
of
Elasticity
1,050
1,750
1,450
1,050
1,200
1,450
1,550
1,200
1,450
1,750
1,450
1,750
1,900
800
1,450
1,450
1,350
1,250
1,250
1,200
1,450
1,550
1,450
1,450
1,450
1,750
1,750
1,750
800
1,450
1,200
1,450
1,550
1,450
(psi)
Fby
Extreme
Fiber in
Bending
470
650
650
315
375
375
375
375
650
650
650
650
650
315
560
560
375
470
470
375
560
560
375
650
650
650
650
650
315
560
375
560
560
375
(psi)
Fcy
185
260
260
185
190
190
190
190
260
260
260
260
260
185
230
230
190
230
230
190
230
230
190
260
260
260
260
260
170
230
190
190
230
190
(psi)
Fvy (4)
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.4
(106 psi)
Ey
Compression Shear Parallel Modulus

Perpendicular
to Grain
of
to Grain
(Horizontal) Elasticity

(Loaded Parallel to Wide Faces
of Laminations)

(Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces
of Laminations)
0.67
0.78
0.78
0.67
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.78
0.78
0.62
0.78
0.83
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.83
0.83
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.78
0.78
0.57
0.78
0.67
0.78
0.78
0.73
875
1,150
1,100
775
1,150
1,100
1,150
975
975
1,050
1,050
1,050
1,150
725
975
1,000
975
900
925
925
1,000
1,100
1,050
975
925
1,000
1,050
1,100
675
900
825
925
975
1,000
Ft
(psi)
Ey min
(106 psi)
E axial
(106 psi)
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.6
Fc
925
1,550
1,200
1,600
1,600
1,450
1,350
1,400
1,500
1,550
1,600
925
1,550
1,600
1,400
1,500
1,550
1,350
1,600
1,650
1,450
1,350
1,400
1,500
1,550
1,650
1,000
1,450
1,550
1,550
1,500
1,550
1,000
1,650
Modulus
of
Elasticity
(psi)
Modulus Tension Compression

of
Parallel to
Parallel to
Elasticity
Grain
Grain
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
Axially Loaded
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.43
0.43
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.43
0.46
0.46
0.43
0.5
0.5
0.43
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.43
0.5
0.5
0.43
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.55
0.55
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.43
0.46
0.46
0.43
0.5
0.5
0.43
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.43
0.5
0.5
0.43
Side Face
0.42
Top or
Bottom
Face
Specific Gravity
for
Fastener Design
Fasteners
(Members stressed primarily in bending) (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions.) Table 5A
Expanded is an expanded list of structural glued laminated timber combinations from AITC 117 and APA-EWS Y117 that meet the
requirements of each stress class in the new structural glued laminated timber stress class system. Table 5A Expanded is provided to
allow easy conversion from the old combination symbols system to the new stress class system.
Expanded - Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber
Combinations1
Table 5A
61
Outer/Core
SP/SP
SP/SP
30F-E1
30F-E2
(6)(7)
SP/SP
28F-E2
30F-2.1E
SP/SP
28F-E1
(6)
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
26F-V1
26F-V2
26F-V3
26F-V4
28F-2.1E
DF/DF
DF/DF
26F-V1
26F-V2
(6)
SP/SP
SP/SP
SP/SP
24F-V3
24F-E1
24F-E4
26F-1.9E
DF/DF
DF/DF
DF/DF
DF/DF
DF/DF
24F-V4
24F-V8
24F-E4
24F-E13
24F-E18
3,000
3,000
3,000
2,800
2,800
2,800
2,600
2,600
2,600
2,600
2,600
2,600
2,600
2,400
2,400
2,400
3,000
2,400
2,400
2,800
2,300
2,300
1,950
2,100
2,100
2,600
1,950
2,600
1,950
1,950
1,450
2,400
1,450
1,850
2,400
1,450
2,400
2,400
(psi)
(psi)
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
Fbx-
Tension
Compression
Zone
Stressed
in
Fbx+
Tension
(2)
Tension
Zone
Stressed
in
Extreme Fiber in
Bending
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
650
650
740
740
740
650
650
650
650
650
740
740
650
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
740
650
650
740
650
740
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
265
265
265
300
300
300
265
265
265
265
265
265
(psi)
650
Fvx (3)
(psi)
Shear Parallel
to Grain
(Horizontal)
Fcx
650
650
650
650
650
Compression
Perpendicular
to Grain
Tension Compression
Face
Face
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
0.93
0.98
0.98
0.98
1.04
1.04
0.98
0.93
0.93
0.98
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.98
(10 psi)
(10 psi)
Ex min
Modulus
of
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
Ex
Modulus
of
Elasticity
1,750
1,750
1,750
2,000
1,600
1,600
1,900
2,200
2,100
2,100
1,750
1,750
1,600
1,750
1,750
2,200
1,450
1,450
1,450
1,450
1,750
1,550
(psi)
Fby
Extreme
Fiber in
Bending
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
740
650
650
560
560
560
650
650
650
560
560
560
560
560
560
(psi)
Fcy
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
230
230
230
260
260
260
230
230
230
230
230
230
(psi)
Fvy (3)(4)
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
(106 psi)
Ey
Compression Shear Parallel Modulus

Perpendicular
to Grain
of
to Grain
(Horizontal) Elasticity

(Loaded Parallel to Wide Faces
of Laminations)

(Loaded Perpendicular to Wide Faces
of Laminations)
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.83
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.88
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.88
0.88
0.88
(106 psi)
Ey min
1,350
1,250
1,250
1,300
1,300
1,250
1,150
1,250
1,200
1,200
1,300
1,300
1,150
1,150
1,100
1,450
1,100
1,100
1,100
1,100
1,200
1,100
(psi)
Ft
1,750
1,750
1,750
1,850
1,850
1,750
1,600
1,650
1,600
1,600
1,850
1,850
1,600
1,650
1,600
1,850
1,600
1,650
1,650
1,700
1,700
1,700
(psi)
Fc
Modulus Tension Compression

of
Parallel to
Parallel to
Elasticity
Grain
Grain
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
(106 psi)
E axial
Modulus
of
Elasticity
Axially Loaded
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Side Face
0.55
Top or
Bottom
Face
Specific Gravity
for
Fastener Design
Fasteners
(Members stressed primarily in bending) (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions.) Table 5A
Expanded is an expanded list of structural glued laminated timber combinations from AITC 117 and APA-EWS Y117 that meet the
requirements of each stress class in the new structural glued laminated timber stress class system. Table 5A Expanded is provided to
allow easy conversion from the old combination symbols system to the new stress class system.
Expanded - Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber
Combinations1
Species
24F-1.8E
Symbol
Combination
Table 5A
(Cont.)
62
63
1. The combinations in this table are applicable to members consisting of 4 or more laminations and are intended primarily for members stressed in bending due to
loads applied perpendicular to the wide faces of the laminations. However, design values are tabulated for loading both perpendicular and parallel to the wide faces
of the laminations. For combinations and design values applicable to members loaded primarily axially or parallel to the wide faces of the laminations, see Table
5B. For members of 2 or 3 laminations, see Table 5B.
2. The tabulated design values in this column, for bending about the X-X axis (Fbx), require the use of special tension laminations. If these special tension laminations
are omitted, value shall be multiplied by 0.75 for members greater than or equal to 15" in depth or by 0.85 for members less than 15" in depth.
3. The design value for shear, Fvx and Fvy, shall be decreased by multiplying by a factor of 0.72 for non-prismatic members, notched members, and for all members
subject to impact or cyclic loading. The reduced design value shall be used for design of members at connections (NDS 3.4.3.3) that transfer shear by mechanical
fasteners. The reduced design value shall also be used for detrmination of design values for radial tension (NDS 5.2.2).
4. Design values are for timbers with laminations made from a single piece of lumber across the width or multiple pieces that have been edge bonded. For timber
manufactured from multiple piece laminations (across width) that are not edge-bonded, value shall be multiplied by 0.4 for members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations or
by 0.5 for all other members. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (3).
5. This combination may contain lumber with wane. If lumber with wane is used, the design value for shear parallel to grain, Fvx, shall be multiplied by 0.67 if wane
is allowed on both sides. If wane is limited to one side, Fvx shall be multiplied by 0.83. This reduction shall be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (3).
6. 26F, 28F, and 30F beams are not produced by all manufacturers, therefore, availability may be limited. Contact supplier or manufacturer for details.
7. 30F combinations are restricted to a maximum 6" nominal width.
8. For 28F and 30F members with more than 15 laminations, Ex = 2.0 million psi and Ex min = 1.04 million psi.
4
Footnotes to Expanded Table 5A
64
T able 5B Adjustment Factors

s
Volume Factor, CV

CV = (21/L)
1/x
1/x
(12/d)
(5.125/b)
1/x
1.0
where:
zero moment, ft

10-3/4" or 10-1/2"
8-3/4" or 8-1/2"
6-3/4"
5-1/8" or 5"
3-1/8" or 3"
2-1/2"
multiple piece width layups, b = width of widest

piece in the layup. Thus b 10.75".


Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
E and Emin
0.8
0.8
0.875
0.53
0.73
0.833
Cfu
1.01
1.04
1.07
1.10
1.16
1.19
Grade
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
(106 psi)
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
HF
HF
HF
HF
SW
AC
AC
AC
AC
L3
L2
L2D
L1CL
L1D
L3
L2
L1
L1D
L3
L3
L2
L1D
L1S
27
28
29
30
31
32
62
63
33
34
35
36
37
38
39(6)
40(6)
41(6)
42(6)
43(6)
44(6)
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
DF
HF
HF
HF
HF
HF
HF
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
1.9E2
2.1E2
2.3E2
1.9E6
2.1E6
2.3E6
2.2E2
2.2E6
1.6E2
1.9E2
2.1E2
1.6E4
1.9E6
2.1E6
1.6E2
1.9E2
2.1E2
1.6E4
1.9E6
2.1E6
E-Rated Western Species
1
2
3
4
5
14
15
16
17
22(6)
69
70
71
72
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.5
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.6
Visually Graded Western Species
Identification Species
Number
0.93
1.04
1.14
0.93
1.04
1.14
1.09
1.09
0.78
0.93
1.04
0.78
0.93
1.04
0.78
0.93
1.04
0.78
0.93
1.04
0.78
0.83
0.98
0.98
1.04
0.67
0.73
0.83
0.88
0.52
0.62
0.67
0.83
0.83
Modulus
of
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
Emin
(106 psi)
560
650
650
560
650
650
650
650
375
500
500
375
500
500
315
315
315
315
315
315
560
560
650
590
650
375
375
375
500
315
470
470
560
560
Compression
Perpendicular
to Grain
Fc
(psi)
All Loading
900
1100
1250
1550
1800
1800
1150
1950
800
900
1100
1200
1550
1800
800
900
1100
1200
1550
1800
900
1250
1450
1400
1600
800
1050
1200
1400
525
725
975
1250
1250
2 or More
Laminations
Ft
(psi)
Tension
Parallel
to Grain
1750
2000
2250
2100
2400
2400
1850
2300
1050
1500
1550
1450
1950
2400
1200
1500
1750
1550
1950
2100
1550
1950
2300
2100
2400
1100
1350
1500
1750
850
1150
1450
1900
1900
4 or More
Laminations
Fc
(psi)
1200
1400
1550
1700
1950
2200
1500
2000
950
1200
1400
1350
1700
1950
950
1200
1400
1350
1700
1950
1200
1600
1850
1900
2100
975
1300
1450
1700
675
1100
1450
1900
1900
2 or 3
Laminations
Fc
(psi)
Compression
Parallel
to Grain
Axially Loaded
1450
1650
1900
2400
2400
2400
1800
2400
1200
1450
1650
2100
2400
2400
1200
1450
1650
2100
2400
2400
1450
1800
2100
2200
2400
1200
1500
1750
2000
800
1100
1400
1850
1850
4 or More
Laminations
Fby
(psi)
1250
1450
1650
2400
2400
2400
1550
2400
1050
1250
1450
1900
2400
2400
1050
1250
1450
1900
2400
2400
1250
1600
1850
2000
2100
1050
1350
1550
1850
700
975
1250
1650
1650
3
Laminations
Fby
(psi)
1000
1150
1350
2100
2400
2400
1250
2400
850
1000
1150
1700
2100
2400
850
1000
1150
1700
2100
2400
1000
1300
1550
1650
1800
850
1100
1300
1550
550
775
1000
1400
1400
2
Laminations
Fby
(psi)
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
190
190
190
190
190
190
170
170
170
170
170
170
230
230
230
230
230
190
190
190
190
170
230
230
230
230
Fvy
(psi)

Shear Parallel
Bending
to Grain(1)(2)(3)
Bending about Y-Y Axis
Use with Table 5B Adjustment Factors
Fvx
(psi)
265
265
265
265
265
215
215
215
215
195
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
265
215
215
215
215
215
215
195
195
195
195
195
195
2 Laminations to
15 in. Deep (5)
Fbx
(psi)
1250
1700
2000
1900
2200
1100
1450
1600
1900
725
1000
1350
1700
1900
1250
1500
1700
1800
2100
2400
1800
2200
1100
1300
1850
1400
1800
2100
1100
1250
1550
1400
1800
2100

Bending (4)
Shear Parallel
to Grain(3)
(Members stressed primarily in axial tension or compression)1,2 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry
service conditions. See NDS 5.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)
Table 5B
65
Modulus
of
Elasticity
E
(106 psi)
1:12
1:10
1:12
1:10
1:10
1:8
1:10
1:8
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
N2M14
N2M10
N2M
N2D14
N2D10
N2D
N1M16
N1M12
N1M
N1D14
N1D12
N1D
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
2.1E2
2.3E2
1.9E6
2.1E6
2.3E6
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.04
1.14
0.93
1.04
1.14
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.98
0.98
0.98
740
740
650
740
740
650
650
650
740
740
740
650
650
650
740
740
740
Compression
Perpendicular
to Grain
Fc
(psi)
1100
1250
1550
1800
1800
1200
1150
1000
1400
1350
1150
1350
1300
1150
1550
1550
1350
2 or More
Laminations
Ft
(psi)
Tension
Parallel
to Grain
2300
2400
1850
2300
2400
1900
1700
1500
2200
2000
1750
2100
1900
1700
2300
2200
2000
4 or More
Laminations
Fc
(psi)
1400
1550
1700
1950
2200
1150
1150
1150
1350
1350
1350
1450
1450
1450
1700
1700
1700
2 or 3
Laminations
Fc
(psi)
Compression
Parallel
to Grain
Axially Loaded
1650
1900
2400
2400
2400
1750
1750
1600
2000
2000
1850
1950
1950
1850
2300
2300
2100
4 or More
Laminations
Fby
(psi)
1450
1650
2400
2400
2400
1550
1550
1550
1800
1800
1800
1750
1750
1750
2100
2100
2100
3
Laminations
Fby
(psi)
1150
1350
2100
2400
2400
1300
1300
1300
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1750
1750
1750
2
Laminations
Fby
(psi)
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
260
Fvy
(psi)

Bending
Shear Parallel
to Grain(1)(2)(3)
1500
1700
1800
2100
2400
1400
1400
1350
1600
1600
1600
1800
1750
1550
2100
2100
1800
2 Laminations to
15 in. Deep (5)
Fbx
(psi)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
Fvx
(psi)

Bending (4)
Shear Parallel
to Grain(3)
1. For members with 2 or 3 laminations, the shear design value for transverse loads parallel to the wide faces of the laminations, Fvy, shall be reduced by multiplying by a factor of 0.84 or 0.95, respectively.
2. The shear design value for transverse loads applied parallel to the wide faces of the laminations, Fvy, shall be multiplied by 0.4 for members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations manufactured from multiple piece laminations
(across width) that are not edge bonded. The shear design value, Fvy, shall be multiplied by 0.5 for all other members manufactured from multiple piece laminations with unbonded edge joints. This reduction shall
be cumulative with the adjustment in footnote (1) and (3).
3. The design value for shear, Fvx and Fvy, shall be decreased by multiplying by a factor of 0.72 for non-prismatic members, notched members, and for all members subject to impact or cyclic loading. The reduced
design value shall be used for design of members at connections (NDS 3.4.3.3) that transfer shear by mechanical fasteners. The reduced design value shall also be used for determination of design values for radial
tension (NDS 5.2.2).
4. Tabulated design values are for members without special tension laminations. If special tension laminations are used, the design value for bending, Fbx, shall be permitted to be increased by multiplying by 1.18.
This factor shall not be applied cumulatively with the adjustment in footnote (5).
5. For members greater than 15" deep and without special tension laminations, the bending design value, Fbx, shall be reduced by multiplying by a factor of 0.88. This factor shall not be applied cumulatively with
the adjustment in footnote (4).
6. When Western Cedars, Western Cedars (North), Western Woods, and Redwood (open grain) are used in combinations for Softwood Species (SW), the design value for E shall be reduced by 100,000 psi and Emin
shall be reduced by 50,000 psi. When Coast Sitka Spruce, Coast Species, Western White Pine, and Eastern White Pine are used in combinations for Softwood Species (SW) tabulated design values for shear parallel
to grain, Fvx and Fvy, shall be reduced by 10 psi, before applying any other adjustments.
54
55
56
57
58
E-Rated Southern Pine
47
47
47
48
48
48
49
49
49
50
50
50
Visually Graded Southern Pine
Grade
Modulus
of
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
Emin
(106 psi)
All Loading
Use with Table 5B Adjustment Factors
Identification Species
Number
Table 5B
(Cont.)
66
67
Table 5C Adjustment Factors

CV = (21/L)
1/x
1/x
(12/d)
(5.125/b)
1/x
1.0
where:
zero moment, ft

10-3/4" or 10-1/2"
8-3/4" or 8-1/2"
6-3/4"
5-1/8" or 5"
3-1/8" or 3"
2-1/2"



Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
E and Emin
0.8
0.8
0.875
0.53
0.73
0.833
Cfu
1.01
1.04
1.07
1.10
1.16
1.19
4
Volume Factor, CV
1,600
1,600
2,000
2,000
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
2,400
1,200
1,200
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
2,000
2,000
800
1,600
1,000
2,000
1,200
2,400
1,200
1,200
1,200
440
440
590
590
770
770
590
895
1,075
285
285
405
590
405
590
590
835
590
835
835
835
(psi)
(psi)
600
1,200
700
700
1,400
1,400
800
800
1,600
1,600
1,000
2,000
Fcx
Fbx-
125
125
155
155
180
180
155
220
235
125
125
155
180
155
180
180
200
180
200
200
200
(psi)
Fvx
6
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
0.73
0.73
0.83
0.83
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.62
0.62
0.67
0.67
0.67
0.67
0.73
0.78
0.73
0.83
0.88
0.88
(10 psi) (10 psi)
Ex min
1,250
1,400
1,350
1,600
1,550
1,650
1,450
1,650
1,700
1,050
1,050
1,250
1,450
1,250
1,450
1,400
1,700
1,400
1,700
1,700
1,700
(psi)
Fby
285
285
405
405
590
590
405
710
900
285
285
405
590
405
590
590
835
590
835
835
835
(psi)
Fcy
110
110
135
135
160
160
135
195
205
110
110
135
160
135
160
160
175
160
175
175
175
(psi)
Fvy(2)
Modulus Extreme Compression

Shear
of
Fiber in Perpendicular Parallel
Elasticity Bending
to Grain
to Grain
for Beam
(Horizontal)
and
Column
Stability
Ex
Shear
Modulus
Parallel
of
to Grain
Elasticity
(Horizontal)
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
0.62
0.62
0.67
0.67
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.83
0.78
0.52
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.62
0.67
0.62
0.67
0.73
0.73
Ey min
825
900
950
1,050
1,050
1,050
975
1,050
1,100
600
625
700
750
725
775
800
875
850
900
975
1,000
(psi)
Ft
975
1,000
1,050
1,100
1,400
1,400
1,200
1,350
1,450
800
860
950
1,200
950
1,200
1,200
1,250
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,400
(psi)
Fc
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
(106 psi)
E axial
Modulus
Tension Compression Modulus
of
Parallel to Parallel to
of
Elasticity
Grain
Grain
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Stability
(10 psi) (10 psi)
Ey
Modulus
of
Elasticity
Axially Loaded
1. Design values in this table were excerpted from AITC 119-96 Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Timber of Hardwood Species. Design values are applicable to
members with 4 or more laminations. For 2 and 3 lamination members see Table 5D.
2. Design values are for timbers with laminations made from a single piece of lumber across the width or multiple pieces that have been edge bonded. For timbers manufactured from multiple
piece laminations (across width) that are not edge bonded, value shall be multiplied by 0.4 for members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations or by 0.5 for all other members.
3. Fastener values are for groups of hardwood species permitted in each combination. If actual species is known, values for that species are permitted to be used.
16F-E1
16F-E2
20F-E1
20F-E2
24F-E1
24F-E2
24F-E3 YP
24F-E4 RM
24F-E5 RO
E-Rated Hardwoods
12F-V1
12F-V2
14F-V1
14F-V2
14F-V3
14F-V4
16F-V1
16F-V2
16F-V3
16F-V4
20F-V1
20F-V2
Compression
Zone
Stressed
in Tension
(Positive Bending) (Negative Bending)
Tension
Zone
Stressed
in Tension
Compression
Perpendicular
to Grain


Extreme Fiber in
Bending
Use with Table 5C Adjustment Factors
0.39
0.39
0.45
0.45
0.53
0.53
0.45
0.53
0.63
0.39
0.39
0.45
0.53
0.45
0.53
0.53
0.63
0.53
0.63
0.63
0.63
Specific Gravity
for
Fastener Design
(3)
Fasteners
(Members stressed primarily in bending)1 (Tabulated design values are for normal load duration and dry service conditions. See NDS
5.3 for a comprehensive description of design value adjustment factors.)
Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Hardwood Timber
Combination
Fbx+
Symbol
(psi)
Visually Graded Hardwoods
Table 5C
68
69
Table 5D Adjustment Factors

CV = (21/L)
1/x
1/x
(12/d)
(5.125/b)
1/x
1.0
where:
zero moment, ft

10-3/4" or 10-1/2"
8-3/4" or 8-1/2"
6-3/4"
5-1/8" or 5"
3-1/8" or 3"
2-1/2"



Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
E and Emin
0.8
0.8
0.875
0.53
0.73
0.833
Cfu
1.01
1.04
1.07
1.10
1.16
1.19
4
Volume Factor, CV
Group
Elasticity
E
(106 psi)
Modulus
of
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
H9
H10
H11
H12
H13
H14
H15
H16
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
N3
N2
N1
SS
N3
N2
N1
SS
N3
N2
N1
SS
N3
N2
N1
SS
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.3
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.2
Visually Graded Hardwoods
Symbol
Grade
0.67
0.78
0.88
0.88
0.62
0.67
0.78
0.78
0.52
0.62
0.67
0.67
0.47
0.57
0.62
0.62
Stability
Emin
(106 psi)
Modulus
of
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Tension
Parallel
to Grain
835
835
835
835
590
590
590
590
405
405
405
405
285
285
285
285
to Grain
Fc
(psi)
425
875
1,000
1,150
350
750
850
950
300
625
725
825
250
550
625
700
nations
Ft
(psi)
900
1,300
1,450
1,600
800
1,150
1,300
1,450
625
900
1,000
1,100
575
825
925
1,050
nations
Fc
(psi)
900
1,300
1,450
1,600
800
1,150
1,300
1,450
625
900
1,000
1,100
575
825
925
1,050
nations
Fc
(psi)
2 or 3
Lami-
Compression
Parallel
to Grain
Axially Loaded
Compression 2 or More 4 or More

Perpendicular
LamiLami-
All Loading
1,250
1,700
2,000
2,000
1,050
1,450
1,650
1,700
900
1,200
1,400
1,450
775
1,050
1,200
1,250
nations
Fby
(psi)
4 or More
Lami-
1,100
1,550
1,800
1,850
900
1,300
1,500
1,550
800
1,100
1,300
1,350
675
950
1,100
1,150
nations
Fby
(psi)
3
Lami-
Bending
875
1,300
1,550
1,600
750
1,050
1,300
1,350
625
925
1,100
1,150
550
800
950
1,000
90
90
90
90
80
80
80
80
70
70
70
70
55
55
55
55
nations laminations(3)
Fby
Fvy
(psi)
(psi)
2
Lami-
175
175
175
175
160
160
160
160
135
135
135
135
110
110
110
110
nations
Fvy
(psi)
4 or More
Laminations
for members
with
4 or More
multiple piece
Lami2
Lami-
165
165
165
165
150
150
150
150
130
130
130
130
105
105
105
105
150
150
150
150
135
135
135
135
115
115
115
115
95
95
95
95
nations nations
Fvy
Fvy
(psi)
(psi)
3
Lami-
925
1,200
1,600
1,700
750
1,000
1,350
1,400
675
875
1,150
1,200
575
750
1,000
1,050
Lams
Fbx
(psi)
2 Laminations to
15 in. Deep (4)
without
Special
Tension
1,200
1,500
1,800
2,000
1,000
1,200
1,600
1,700
900
1,100
1,400
1,500
775
925
1,150
1,300
Lams (5)
Fbx
(psi)
4 or More
Laminations
with
Special
Tension
Bending
200
200
200
200
180
180
180
180
155
155
155
155
125
125
125
125
nations
Fvx
(psi)
2 or More
Lami-
Shear Parallel
to Grain

Shear Parallel to Grain

Use with Table 5D Adjustment Factors
Combination Species
Table 5D
70
Group
Grade
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
1.5E3
1.8E3
1.8E6
2.0E3
2.0E6
1.5E3
1.8E3
1.8E6
2.0E3
2.0E6
1.5E3
1.8E3
1.8E6
2.0E3
2.0E6
1.5E3
1.5E6
1.8E3
1.8E6
2.0E3
2.0E6
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
0.73
0.88
0.88
0.98
0.98
0.73
0.88
0.88
0.98
0.98
0.73
0.88
0.88
0.98
0.98
0.73
0.73
0.88
0.88
0.98
0.98
Stability
Emin
(106 psi)
1,015
1,015
1,015
1,015
1,015
770
770
770
770
770
590
590
590
590
590
440
440
440
440
440
440
to Grain
Fc
(psi)
1,000
1,150
1,450
1,350
1,700
1,000
1,150
1,450
1,350
1,700
1,000
1,150
1,450
1,350
1,700
1,000
1,250
1,150
1,450
1,350
1,700
nations
Ft
(psi)
1,500
1,950
2,000
2,600
2,430
1,500
1,950
2,000
2,300
2,400
1,500
1,950
2,000
2,300
2,400
1,500
1,500
1,950
2,000
2,300
2,400
nations
Fc
(psi)
1,350
1,850
1,900
2,200
2,300
1,350
1,850
1,900
2,200
2,300
1,350
1,850
1,900
2,200
2,300
1,350
1,400
1,850
1,900
2,200
2,300
nations
Fc
(psi)
2 or 3
Lami-
Compression
Parallel
to Grain
Compression 2 or More 4 or More

Perpendicular
LamiLami-
Tension
Parallel
to Grain
Axially Loaded
1,850
2,100
2,300
2,400
2,400
1,850
2,100
2,300
2,400
2,400
1,850
2,100
2,300
2,400
2,400
1,850
2,000
2,100
2,300
2,400
2,400
nations
Fby
(psi)
4 or More
Lami-
1,750
2,000
2,200
2,300
2,400
1,750
2,000
2,200
2,300
2,400
1,750
2,000
2,200
2,300
2,400
1,750
1,900
2,000
2,200
2,300
2,400
nations
Fby
(psi)
3
Lami-
Bending
1,550
1,750
1,950
2,100
2,300
1,550
1,750
1,950
2,100
2,300
1,550
1,750
1,950
2,100
2,300
1,550
1,700
1,750
1,950
2,100
2,300
90
90
90
90
90
80
80
80
80
80
70
70
70
70
70
55
55
55
55
55
55
nations laminations(3)
Fby
Fvy
(psi)
(psi)
2
Lami-
175
175
175
175
175
160
160
160
160
160
135
135
135
135
135
110
110
110
110
110
110
nations
Fvy
(psi)
Laminations
for members
with
4 or More
multiple piece
Lami-
4 or More
nations
Fvy
(psi)
150
150
150
150
150
135
135
135
135
135
115
115
115
115
115
95
95
95
95
95
95
165
165
165
165
165
150
150
150
150
150
130
130
130
130
130
105
105
105
105
105
105
2
Lami-
nations
Fvy
(psi)
3
Lami-
Shear Parallel to Grain

nations
Fvx
(psi)
nations
with
Special
Tension
Lams (5)
Fbx
(psi)
1,450
1,850
2,000
2,200
2,600
1,450
1,850
2,000
2,200
2,600
1,450
1,850
2,000
2,200
2,600
1,450
1,600
1,850
2,000
2,200
2,600
15 in. Deep (4)

without
Special
Tension
Lams
Fbx
(psi)
1,200
1,450
1,650
1,700
2,100
1,200
1,450
1,650
1,700
2,100
1,200
1,450
1,650
1,700
2,100
1,200
1,250
1,450
1,650
1,700
2,100
200
200
200
200
200
180
180
180
180
180
155
155
155
155
155
125
125
125
125
125
125
2 or More
Lami-
4 or More
Lami-
Shear Parallel
to Grain
2 Laminations to
Bending

1. Design values in this table are for combinations conforming to AITC 119-96 (Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Timber of Hardwood Species), by American Institute of Timber Construction,
and manufactured in accordance with American National Standard ANSI/AITC A190.1-2002 (Structural Glued Laminated Timber).
2. The combinations in this table are intended primarily for members loaded axially or in bending with the loads acting parallel to the wide faces of the laminations (bending about Y-Y axis). Design values for bending
due to loading applied perpendicular to the wide faces of the laminations (bending about X-X axis) are also included; however, the combinations in Table 5C are preferred for this condition of loading.
3. Values apply to members manufactured using multiple piece laminations with unbonded edge joints. For members with 5, 7, or 9 laminations, value shall be multiplied by 0.8.
4. For members greater than 15" deep, values shall be reduced by multiplying by a factor of 0.88.
5. These design values require the use of special tension laminations. If these design values are used, the designer shall specify the required design value as well as the combination symbol.
H17
H18
H19
H20
H21
H22
H23
H24
H25
H26
H27
H28
H29
H30
H31
H32
H33
H34
H35
H36
H37
Elasticity
E
(106 psi)
Modulus
of
Elasticity
for Beam
and
Column
Modulus
of
All Loading
Use with Table 5D Adjustment Factors
E-Rated Hardwoods
Symbol
Combination Species
Table 5D
(Cont.)
71

February 2007
2007 ERRATA/ADDENDUM
to the
2005 Edition of
the National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction Supplement: Design Values for Wood
Construction
(printed versions dated 04-05 2M, 09-05 2M, and 08-06 5M; web version 07-07)
Page Revision
4
In Table 2.1, revise the following:
Species or Species
Species That May Be
Combination
Coast Sitka Spruce
Coast Sitka Spruce
Yellow Cedar
Yellow Cedar
32
Grading Rules Agencies

NLGA
NLGA
Design Values Provided

in Tables
4A, 4D, 4E
4A
In Table 4A, add the following design values for Coast Sitka Spruce
Species and
commercial
grade
Size
classification
Bending
Tension
parallel
to grain
Shear
parallel
to grain
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Compression
parallel to
grain
Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
Emin
1300
950
125
455
1200
1,700,000
620,000
925
550
125
455
1100
1,500,000
550,000
525
325
125
455
625
1,400,000
510,000
Modulus of Elasticity
Grading
Rules
Agency
Coast Sitka Spruce4

Select Structural
No. 1 / No. 2
2 & wider
No. 3
Stud
2 & wider
Construction
Standard
2-4 wide
Utility
34
725
450
125
455
675
1,400,000
510,000
1050
650
125
455
1300
1,400,000
510,000
600
350
125
455
1100
1,300,000
470,000
275
175
125
455
725
1,200,000
440,000
NLGA
In Table 4A, revise the following design values for Northern Species
Species and
commercial
grade
Size
classification
Bending
Tension
parallel
to grain
Shear
parallel
to grain
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Compression
parallel to
grain
Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
Emin
1,000 975
450 425
110
350
1,100
1,100,000
400,000
Grading
Rules
Agency
Northern Species
Select Structural
No. 1 / No. 2
2 & wider
No. 3
Stud
2 & wider
Construction
Standard
Utility
2-4 wide
600 625
275
110
350
850
1,100,000
400,000
350
150
110
350
500
1,000,000
370,000
475
225
110
350
550
1,000,000
370,000
700
300 325
110
350
1,050
1,000,000
370,000
400
175
110
350
875
900,000
330,000
175
75
110
350
575
900,000
330,000
1111 Nineteenth Street, NW, Suite 800 - Washington, DC 20036 - 202 463-4713 - Fax: 202 463-2791 - www.awc.org
Americas Forest & Paper People - Improving Tomorrows Environment Today
NLGA
February 2007 Errata/Addendum

Page 2
Page
Revision
36
In Table 4A, add the following design values for Yellow Cedar
Bending
Tension
parallel
to grain
Shear
parallel
to grain
Compression
perpendicular
to grain
Compression
parallel to
grain
Fb
Ft
Fv
Fc
Fc
Emin
1200
725
175
540
1200
1,600,000
580,000
800
475
175
540
1000
1,400,000
510,000
475
275
175
540
575
1,200,000
440,000
625
375
175
540
650
1,200,000
440,000
Construction
925
550
175
540
1200
1,300,000
470,000
Standard
525
300
175
540
1050
1,200,000
440,000
250
150
175
540
675
1,100,000
400,000
Species and
commercial
grade
Size
classification
Grading
Rules
Agency
Yellow Cedar
Select Structural
No. 1 / No. 2
2 & wider
No. 3
Stud
Utility
36
2 & wider
2-4 wide
NLGA
In Table 4A, add the following footnote:

4. SPECIFIC GRAVITY, G. Specific gravity values are provided below for visually graded dimension
lumber. Note that the value for Coast Sitka Spruce is applicable only for visually graded dimension lumber
(2 4 thick). See NDS Table 11.3.2A for the specific gravity value applicable to Coast Sitka Spruce used
as visually graded timber (5x5 and larger) and visually graded decking.
Specific Gravity, G
Species
Coast Sitka Spruce 0.43
Yellow Cedar
0.46

NLGA
NLGA
1111 Nineteenth Street, NW, Suite 800 - Washington, DC 20036 - 202 463-4713 - Fax: 202 463-2791 - www.awc.org
Americas Forest & Paper People - Improving Tomorrows Environment Today

AWC Mission Statement
To increase the use of wood by assuring the broad

regulatory acceptance of wood products, developing
design tools and guidelines for wood construction,
and influencing the development of public policies
affecting the use of wood products.
2005 EDITION
N DS
N AT I O N A L
DESIGN
S P E C I F I C AT I O N
DESIGN VALUES FOR

WOOD CONSTRUCTION
American Forest & Paper Association

1111 19th Street, NW
Suite 800
Washington, DC 20036
www.awc.org
awcinfo@afandpa.org
America's Forest & Paper People
Improving Tomorrow's Environment Today
NDS 2005 Supplement Cover revised June 2007.pmd

1
American
Forest &
Paper
Association
ISBN 0-9625985-2-6
07-07
0.5M
6/21/2007, 2:57 PM

2005 NDS Supplement

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2005 EDITION

DESIGN VALUES FOR

Updates and Errata

American Wood Council

AWC Mission Statement

NDS 2005 Supplement Cover revised June 2007.pmd

DESIGN VALUES FOR

Copyright 2005, 2006

DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT

Structural Glued Laminated Timber

AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION

DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT

Sawn Lumber Grading

Species Combinations ..................................... s3

Section Properties ................................................ s11

1.1 List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies

Reference Design Values ................... s29

2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species

4E Reference Design Values for Visually Graded

1B Section Properties of Standard Dressed

4F Reference Design Values for Non-North

1C Section Properties of Western Species Structural

5A Reference Design Values for Structural Glued

4D Reference Design Values for Visually Graded

AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION

DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT

List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies s2

AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION

SAWN LUMBER GRADING AGENCIES

1.1 List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies

Rules for which grading

Rules Writing Agencies

Non-Rules Writing Agencies

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT

List of Sawn Lumber Species

List of Non-North American Sawn

List of Structural Glued Laminated

AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION

2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations

Species That May Be

Alaska Sitka Spruce

Coast Sitka Spruce

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT

2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations (Cont.)

Eastern White Pine

Northern Red Oak

California Red Fir

Northern White Cedar

AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

Species That May Be

2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations (Cont.)

Western Cedars (North)

Species That May Be

AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E

4A, 4C, 4D, 4E