.

: KTIPION XOH ENIKH AMYNH EION APE 113 62 AHNAI

AP. TEYX. 98 . - . 2011

1951-2011

(NDC)
60

(NDC)

() ,
, 20 , 1962

,
, ,
38 , 1971

,
, ,
, 39 , 1972

,
..., 57 , 1981

,
, 91 , 1998.

MHNIAIA ENHMEPTIKH EKOH YNEMOY EITEN ENIKH AMYNH ETO 18 AP. TEYX. 98 - - 2011

, 1
( , . .. 1960)

. ,

, ,
, . , ,

.
,
.

, ,
, ,

.

.
, ; , ,

. ,


, .
.
.
,
, . . ,

, , , ,
.
().
(), 200
,
(UNLOSC) 1982.
1995. ,
, 1986
.
, , ,
,
.
, ,

,, .
- . ,
,
. , . ,
, .
.
.

.
.
.
.
. , ,
2012 2011.

www.seetha.gr PDF
- 2011

4
PAEIA:
KTIPION XOH
ENIKH AMYNH
EION APE
113 62 AHNAI
TH./FAX: 210-88.11.853.
E-mail: hndc55@yahoo.gr
http://www.seetha.gr.
IIOKTHTH:
.E.E.A.
:
,
..
..

E:
,
..
M
E:

..
,
..
K Z,
Y X. ..
,
. /
. ..
:

.E.E.A.
EAEI

.............................

.

,

;

17 2011:

.
.
..................

14

17 2011

- ,
: .
- .

.
11/11/2011
..............

11 2011
.

E:
Y 25 - 106 75 A
./Fax.: 210-72.18.223
E-mail: iliea@otenet.gr
T
.
H
,

.

:
.

...............

25

Y . , ..

58
(DC)..........
13 15 2011,
, .

,
,


.
- 2011

......................................

28

. Wendy Kristianasen.
. . , ..


PKK , .

:

...........................................................

52

. , ..,
..
, ,
.

:


(610-1081)........................................................

54

. . , , , .

, .

: . .........................

12 2011:

- .

- ................................................

35

12 2011
-
,
: - .

.

. , , ..
, (, , ),
, .

- 2011

56

. , ..,
..

50

. . , ..

. , . .
.. .. ....

:
(1914-1941)......................................

, , .........

......................

55

51

. .

,
,
1914
- 1941.

58
....................................................... 59

....................................
, , (....)
2011.

11/11/2011

11 2011
, () , ./
, , , 

()


,

,





36 .


,
,
, .


, , ,

,
.





.
,
,
, , ,
,

.


, .

,
,
,
.
, ,
.


,


.



.

,
, - 2011

7
.






.

36 .
1975


1979.
F-16
,
.

,



,


.
,


330 F-16
1994-1995
.

.

,


.
,
.
,
, -

,
.
,

, ,

,
,
,
.

H

, , .

.

,
.

,

,
.
,


, ,
.

,


, .
-

- 2011

,
,

.
,

,

.
,



, , , .
() ,


.



,

, ,
.

58
(DC)

13 15 2011,
,
. , 60
NATO
(DC), . ,
,


.. ,
. 5 ,

,
, ,
,

DC. :
() , , 20 , 1962
,
,
, 38 , 1971
,
, ,

, 39 , 1972
, ..., 57 , 1981
, , 91 ,
1998.

NDC .. ,
() .. . To
Claudio
Bisogniero, :
NATO and the Lisbon Agenda
Where do we stand;

:
The Future of NATO Partnerships

:

,

,
.
NCIENS,
.
,

.
,
NDC Foundation ,

,
,

, special courses
NADEFCOL.

:
Dr. Jaroslaw SKONIECZKA, , -

Brian DAWSON, , ..

Hassan ABOUYOUB, ,
.. Mahmoud KAREM, ,

Claudio BISOGNIERO,
,
1973,

,
,
.



, .
,

,

. ,
, -

- 2011

9
,
.


, ,


, .
,
, partnership
programme , ,
cooperation,
reform and education,
.

15 , ,
NDC.

.
ANCIENS
.

, ,

NADEFCOL , .
-

,
.

, . ,
,
Giampaolo DI PAOLA HONORARY
ANCIEN ,
DISTINGUISHED ANCIEN, ,
.

,

.

NDC, ,
,
, .. ,
2

, , . ,
, .
,

, , ,
,
.

() ..,
NDC,

From Lisbon to Chicago

Speech by NATO Deputy Secretary General Ambassador Claudio Bisogniero
at the NATO Defence College, 14 October 2011
Commandant, Ambassadors, Anciens,
Ladies and Gentlemen, good morning.

eneral Dalhaug, thank you

for the kind introduction and
congratulations for assuming
command of the NATO Defence College. It is always a pleasure to
return to Rome. And it is a particular
pleasure to return to this College.
This year, the NATO Defence College is celebrating its 60th anniversary.
Throughout those 6 decades, the College educated many of Alliances mili-

- 2011

tary and political leaders. And Im delighted to see so many of them you
the Anciens - gathered in this auditorium today.
Of course, that NDC education-

10
al responsibility continues. And I am what we will do at our next NATO Sumpleased to see that the current Senior mit in Chicago. Let me elaborate on
Course and the NATO Regional Coop- these three objectives.
eration Course have also been able to
1. NATO is an Alliance of 28 soverjoin us today.
What I would like to do in my re- eign nations committed to the purposmarks this morning is describe for es and principles of the United Nations
Charter. It is an Alliance
you the path NATO is
committed to the encurrently taking. I shall
during values of freedo that by explaining
dom, democracy and
the vision we have for
the Alliance. And then I
the rule of law. And its
shall briefly look ahead
an Alliance committed
to our next NATO Sumto defending these valmit, in Chicago, in next
ues.
May, and mention some
These commitof the major decisions
ments are not without
we expect to take there.
meaning. They carry
As you know, I have
with them a tremenbeen involved with
dous responsibility,
NATO business for many
and it is a responsibilWolf-Dieter Loeser
NATO Defense College
years. And I can tell from
ity that the Alliance has
Commandant Lieutenant-General
that experience, and never avoided.
frankly - even from my current schedNATO is operating under a United
ule, that NATO is busier today than ever Nations mandate on three continents:
before.
in Libya, in Kosovo, and in Afghanistan.
Just over six months ago, the Unit- And is fighting piracy off the coasts of
ed Nations Security Council passed a Somalia, contrasting terrorism with its
historic resolution to protect civilians OAE maritime patrol operation in the
in Libya. It called on the international Mediterranean, and pursuing its traincommunity to use all necessary means ing mission in Iraq. Because of our
to enforce the responsibility to protect. commitment, we will continue to assist
And NATO answered that call.
the United Nations to preserve peace,
NATOs Operation Unified Protec- promote stability, and protect civilians.
tor saved countless lives. It defended
I am aware that some possibly
innocent Libyan people against attacks even some in this audience have sugby the Qadhafi regime. And it helped gested that our Libya operation shows
to set their country on the road to free- that not all 28 Allies share this commitdom and democracy.
ment. And that not all are contributing
Our engagement in Libya has in the way they should. Well, I disagree
shown that when the cause is just -- and let me explain why.
I believe that the Libya operation
when the legal base is strong -- and
when the regional support is clear, shows the unique strength and solidarNATO is the indispensable alliance.
ity of our Alliance - even in the middle
The challenge today is to ensure of an economic crisis. When the United
that NATO remains the indispensa- Nations called for support to protect
ble Alliance. Against the backdrop of the people of Libya, NATO acted within
a global economic crisis, this is not an 6 days. Six days, not seven months as in
easy task. But there is an answer to the Kosovo ten years ago -- faster than ever
problem. By demonstrating that NATO before. All Allies agreed it was the right
is an Alliance that is committed ca- thing to do. And all Allies took part, eipable and connected. And that is ther directly, or indirectly, through

our common command structure and

common funding.
But we must not look at Libya in
isolation. On Libya, European Allies
and Canada took the lead. But in Afghanistan, the United States has been
the leading nation from the start. And
in Kosovo, we have seen France, Italy,
and now Germany in the leading role.
These are all demanding operations. NATOs operational flexibility allows each and every Ally to play to its
particular strengths. And to contribute
where they can have greatest effect.
The Alliance framework combines all
these individual contributions. And it
multiplies their impact.
But of course, effective operations
need more than just commitment.
They also require the right capabilities.
That is why Chicago will also provide
the opportunity to demonstrate an Alliance that is not just committed, but
that is also capable.
2. And indeed a capable NATO is
the second Chicago goal I would like
to address today. Although European Allies and Canada provided most
of the assets in Libya, that operation
depended on unique and essential capabilities which only the United States
could offer. Capabilities such as refuelling, but also drones, surveillance and
intelligence assets.
Last week in Brussels, the United
States Secretary of Defence, Leon Panetta, repeated the call that his predecessor, Bob Gates, had voiced earlier in
the year. That each one of NATOs 28
member nations should be prepared
to make a meaningful contribution to
the Alliances missions and operations.
To achieve that, we need to help European nations to not only preserve current key capabilities, but also deliver
new ones.
In an age of economic austerity, we
cannot spend more. So the answer is to
spend better. And this is what we mean
when we talk about Smart Defence.
Smart Defence is all about getting

- 2011

11
better value for money. It means we
must prioritise. We must specialise.
And we must seek multinational solutions. Through Smart Defence, we can
get the capabilities we need, and at
prices we can afford. And we can get,
together, capabilities that nations, operating separetely, could not obtain.
But another component of Smart
Defence is smart people. Through education, we can share best practices.
We can encourage innovation and new
ways of doing business. Smart leaders
can get the very best out of the people under their command. And this
College, the NATO Defence College,
plays a major role in preparing those
smart leaders.
Many of todays security challenges
are not unique to NATO. They are complex, multidimensional problems that
demand a comprehensive approach.
Many are global problems. And they
are faced by other nations and other
organisations.
3. This is why we dont only need an
Alliance that is committed and capable. We also need an Alliance and this
leads me to my third Chicago theme
for today an Alliance that is connected to its partner nations, and to the
rest of the international community.
The best way for us to assure our
security is through a wide network of
partnerships with countries and organisations around the globe. Partnerships build trust. They break down
misunderstanding. And they broaden
cooperation.
Let me again take Libya as an example, because our operation there
has once more demonstrated the
value of these partnerships. We protected the people of Libya with political support from the region. And with
operational support from many of our
regional partners too, from Jordan to
Qatar, from the United Arab Emirates
to Morocco. Quite simply, our success
in Libya would have been impossible
without the support of our partners.

That is why I want to take this opportunity to highlight the vital role
that this College plays in our partnership work, in keeping our Alliance connected. Alongside education and research, outreach is an established pillar
of the NATO Defence Colleges work.
And I am delighted to see so many of
our partner countries represented here
this morning.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

n Alliance that is committed,
an Alliance that is capable,
and an Alliance that is connected. That is the vision that
was articulated in our Strategic Concept, which we adopted at the Lisbon
Summit last year. And its the vision
that we will continue to transform
into reality, at the Chicago Summit
next year.
Before I conclude and take your
questions, let me highlight for you four
concrete, specific goals that will be at
the centre of the Chicago Summit.
First Afghanistan. We are on track
to complete the transition of lead security responsibility in all Afghanistan,
to the Afghans, by the end of 2014. A
first tranche of provinces and districts
--comprising about 25% of the Afghan
population-- has been transferred to
Afghan lead security responsibility in
July. A second tranche of provinces and
districts will be announced in the next
few weeks. So, by the end of this year,
up to half of the Afghan population
will live in areas transeffed to Afghan
lead security responsibility. This means
that, we are on track for our goal for
2014. But NATOs commitment to the
Afghan people will not end there. At
Chicago, our goal is to lay out the detail of that commitment, by agreeing
a strategic plan for our engagement
throughout the transition period, and
beyond; beyond 2014.
Second capabilities. The Alliances essential purpose remains to
safeguard our security. To do this, we
need the appropriate mix of capabili-

- 2011

ties: conventional, nuclear and missile

defence. That mix is currently being
reviewed, through our work on the
Defence and Deterrence Posture Review. And the goal is to approve it at
Chicago. A further goal is to endorse a
package of specific military capabilities
that Smart Defence - as I mentionned
earlier - can help us to deliver.
Third missile defence. The goals
for Chicago are to declare an interim
operational capability for NATOs territorial missile defence. And to make
progress on NATO-Russia missile defence cooperation.
Finally partnerships. I expect we
will see the Chicago Summit reaffirm
our commitment to the Euro-Atlantic
integration of partners here on this
continent. But I also expect NATO to
send a strong signal to countries across
the Mediterranean, the Middle East
and the Gulf that the Alliance continues to share an interest in the stability
and security of their regions. And it is
my hope that by the time of our Chicago summit, a new, democratic Libya
will be among our partners in the region.
As you can see, I only sketched
briefly these four specific Chicago
goals -- on Afghanistan, capabilities,
Missile Defence and partnerhsips -- but
I am ready to elaborate on them when
answering your questions.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

ATOs record of success goes
back over six decades. And
the NATO Defence College
has played a huge part in
enabling that success.
Our Chicago Summit next year will
showcase an Alliance even more committed, more capable, and more connected.
With the continued support of this
College -- and of you the Anciens -- we
can ensure that the Alliances record of
success will continue well into the future.
Thank you for your attention.

12

14 2011
. . , ..
, . ,

, .

60
. ,

.
, -
.
. ,
,
.
,
,
. .
,

.
,
.

--
,
.
, ,
.

. ,
.

.
.

.

-
-
,

.
.
. .

() - - . ,

.

.
1. 28
()
. .

,
.

.

. , .

. ,
.
,

. .
, .
-
- -

28

. , .

-
.
,
6 . ,
- .
. ,
, ,
.

. . ,
.
,
.
.
,
, .
.

.
.
. .

, ()
.

,
.
,
,

.

- 2011

13
.
, ,
, , ,
. ,
28 -
, ,
.
, ,


.

.
.
.
. . .
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
.

.
. , ,
.

. , , .
.
.
3. .
-


.

. , .

, ,
,
.

.

, ,
, . ,
.

.

,
,
.
, .


.
,

,
,
.
,
. ,

, .

,
.
: .
, 2014.
- 25%
-
. -

- 2011

. ,
,
, ,
.
2014.

.
,
,
,
. 2014.
: :
.
: ,
. ,
, , .

- .
: .

.
-.
: :
, .
,
,

.
,

.


- , , -
.

14

17 2011

. , , a .

17 2011
,
:
.
- ..: ,
, ,

/ , ,

.
.. .
.. .., .
.

,

,
.
- 2011

15

. , .. ..

,
.

, ,
, ,
;
. ,
,

.


.

.
; , ,
,

,






,
.
,
. I

...

.
,


.
. .

,
, ,
,

.
,

.
.

:
. , .
. , .
.
.

.

.. . , .. ,
.

. , .. .. -

2010,
. 2010
,
,
5%

, 2011 -

.
,

(- ). ,
( 11%),

,
2010 (.. )
.

- 2011

, 4,5%
.


( 26%)

, ,
() 30%
2011

2010. -

16
,


.
,




,
.
.

2011
2015,
6,7
2011

1,7 %
2015, ,
.

.
:
;


(, ..)

;


.

:


. ,

, kollias@uth.gr

.

,
.
, ,

: . .
,

. : .


:

, . ,
,
, .
.

.

. ,


. 3,9%

20 2,1% 9%

5% .
, ,
, . ,

, ,
, .


.

Turk Hava Kuvetleri,



. ,

- 2011

17
,

.




.

.

- .


. .
.





.
.

.
20

.
25 ,


.





. ,

,

.

,
, ,

,


.
,
,
.

.
.

,
.
,


, . ,
. ,
.
. ,



.

, .
,
, , .


.
,
-

- 2011

.
,
,

. ,



. ,

.
.
:
,
,

,
,


,
.

,
, .
,
,

.
. ,
.

18


, ,

.
,

.
. :
;
;

;
;
;

,
;
( )
;
,



,

,
. ,

,

.
:


;

;

;



;


.
,


. (;) ,




: , .
.

, ,
:

.


. ,

.

, .

,
.

,
,

,
, urbi et orbi



. :
,



.
, ,

. ,
. .

.
.


. European and Rest
of the World Editor Defence and
Peace Economics,
The Economics of Peace and Security
Journal International Journal
of Economic Sciences and Applied
Research,
. ,




.

- 2011

19

.
.
. ,

/ .

Email:i.tsam@aegean.gr

.

.

.
-

100
101 105; 105
101 ;
,
.

-
-
.

1

.

70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

: 2010, 6 (.187).

( )
- 2011

27.

.
, 1,

, . ,
50%
-
,

1,5 .1 ,

.

.

2008
2010,
2,5% 2,7%.




.
1

2011
7,78% 3,44%
3,52% 3%.
1  2009 .6,

( 2010) IV.2.

20


.

.

2009



(
),



(RABO BANK,
-R) -

.
1

() .
2011

5

3,37,78

3,03,44

3,23,52
( )
2

% . 2009








4,1
5
3,3
2,7
5,2
4,3


5
 10,6
 7,5

6,9
6,7

: IMF
statistics. .

3

. 2008

- --



10.000
66
16,3
62,1
3,65
147
19,3
8,3
2,57
333
22,9
3,5
2,19
867
16,2
4,9
5,11
101
25,5
18,6
3,45
338
11,1
114,4
6,04
1816
17,2
20,6
4,55
795
9,9
43,0
5,73
286
5,9
159,7
10,08
42
45,3
21,3
2,03

: , 2010, OECD Stat extracts,

Income Statement & Balance Sheet. All banks EUROSTAT, total population. .

4
2008

. %
()
66
461.985
87,2
20
418.658
79,1
1

30
3.437
7

24
38.740
7,3

6
697
0,1

16
3.890
0,7
: , 2010

. , 66
,
, ,
,
,
, ( 3). ,
, .

,

( 2008 4). ,
,
( ),

, 3,65
10.000
.
,
,
,
,
, .
,


. ,

- 2011

21



. ,


,
.

,
. ,

,
. ,
,
.

O
,



. .
, ,
.


,
.

. .
.
, .
, .
, .
, .
,
.
, ,
.
.
X ( , 1923).

I.

:




.





.



10%
165% 2.
2

- 2011

2008 ,
. ,
2009
,
.
, ,
,
1%
. ,
2010
0,8% , 2011 0,3%
2012 0,098%


.
,


,

.

22


:



.

.


. ,


,
.




, .



.
,


, .

,




. -

,

,

.
.
,
,
, .
,

.



, ,
3.

I. 

3


. ,
, ,
,
. UBS
10.000,
Credit Swiss
430 , 260 .

( ,
, ).

:
1. ,

7%
,
.
2.

.

2% .
3.
.
4.
.
5. .



.

,
, ,

. ,


.

, , ,
,

- 2011

23
.
,

(.. 2001). ,


, ,

!

IV. 

21 2011
109 EFSF
(European Financial Stability Fund),
7,5 15 - 30 , 10 3,5%.
,
(PSI) () 21%.


,
.



26 2011
100 ,
(.. 50%)

ESM (European Support Mechanism),

2012.

2012 .
50%

.

50
, 25
, 20

15 .
,
,

.
, ,

.

.



. , &


.
,
-

- 2011

,


4. ,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.


,
Rostow
.

80
. ,
, ,
. 2000

4 ,

.

90% ,
,


.

24

,



.

V. 

.


. ,


,
!




,

.

1979
20105: 5.280

1.385
135 ,
39%
5 . , , 3
2011

55%
.

!






. o
. Mathias Mors
. .
.

VI.
1. ,

.
2.

& ,
.
3. ,

T


.
4. , ,


.
5.
.
6. -

.

,
.

.
:
, 14 1950.
& :
, (19591969).
: &
- (1969-1973). :
(Ph. D.) York
(1974-1978).
: ()
.., ..., 3, (1978-1980).
:1. , , ,
( 1980).
2. , The American College
of Greece-Deree ( 1982). 3. , ( 1999)

( 2003). 4. .
. 407 / 80,
( 2007). 5. , , (1990-1997).
6. ,

(1992-1993).
: 1990 ( :
. ).
: , ,
,
, , .
: , , .
:

(I.I.S.S.),
(. . . .),
,

.

- 2011

25

OITIKO & TPATHIKO

E P I K O I O

. , ..
www.geostrategy.gr

23-11-2011

() -
SHELL

(ntalya)

.
Mehmet Uysal
SHELL Malcolm Brinded,

Taner Yldz.
:
,
.

.

:

Antalya

. . AR/TPO-XVI/4154, AR/
TPO-XVI/4319 AR/TPO-XVI/4320

SHELL. ,

- 2011

, 31-12-2013.
1-12014, 31-122016 SHELL,
.
50% .



30-11-2014,

SHELL . . . AR/TPO-XI/3211
AR/TPO-X/4925 . . ARI/
TPO-X/4857 .

SHELL, -

.
70% 30%
SHELL, 51%
49% .
, 16-11-2011,
Sabah :
.

NOBLE,

, .

Antalya SHELL

. ()

26
.
SHELL,
.
SHELL 50%.

.


Antalya, Mersin
Iskenderun. ,
2007
.
( )
(.. ).

,
,
Sabah//6-10-2011

:

. 21
() .

.


.
Piri Reis
33 . ,


. ,

Piri Reis
. . .

;

(..
- )
.

:
.

.
. .
. ,
. ;
; Serta H. Baeren
:
.
,
,
32 16 18
. (. 1).

:
Baeren,
,

.
(, ) . ,

,
,


100.000 .
:


. .

( ).
( )
.

. ()
.

.
.

.
;

32 1618;
()
.
( ).
. , (
)

.
.
.
Baeren
:

.
( )

- 2011

27
.


. ,
.

.
.
.
, ,


. , ,
,

,

:

.

.
,
, .


.

.


, ,
. [..
(16-11-2011) , 1.000
, 2

- 2011

RF-4].




.


. (..



, ,


).
,
.

4
-
--.
, ,

,

, ,
..
. ,
Serta
Hami Baeren,


:
( 93-96). Baeren

,


2007
,
, .
, [(Dou Akdeniz
Petrol Arama Stratejileri (DAPAS)]

... 1 :
()
.
(Antalya)

.

-.
.


Gazipasa (Antalya),
290 .
,
, 25 .


,
,

Baeren,
,
.

28

*
. Wendy Kristianasen**
. . , ..

, (BDP) .
PKK (
), , ,
.
.

.
,
, , .
,
.
,


, ( )
.
,
,

.
. .

,

. --,

. ,

,
.
,

,

.
.
.

PKK , .
. ,
,

1990, 180

2011.

* Monde Diplomatique 2011.

**  Monde Diplomatique
: .

2005,
() -
. -
, ( 15% 20% ),
.

()
. .

.

, .

.
2009
PKK 28 .

- 2011

29
.

, ,

.

.

PKK

2009 2010.
,
. . ,
, , .
IRA
. .
,

(BDP), ,
BDP,

.
.
PKK
.

; ;
PKK
;

; ,
, . 19
, ,
, 1980,

.

, .
.

,
.
.

. ,
- , - .
, (, )
. PKK
,
,
.
,
,
. .

(1983-1993) :
;
.

.
,


.
, , .

.

.
, -

- 2011

-
-

.
.
,


,
, BDP
.

1924

.


PKK.
,
.
.

.

1980
.
12
2011
.
, 49,8%
326 550,
86,7%
1987.

1946,

.

,
, . ,

30

,
.
.
(MHP) -13%
53 -


(CHP),
26% 135 .
(BDP) 36 .
,
, ,
(6) ,
.


30
1983.

. 29 , , ,
.
,
. , .
.

, .
-

(bras de
fer) AKR .
,

.
,

. , ,

, ,
1990,
.
; ,

2013,
.
,


,
.
.



.

,

. ,
-
-

,
. ,
, .
,
.
. 35 ,

.
. ,


.
. .

. ,
.
, ,

.

- 2011

 /(-) . ( , ).

/ ( , . , )

 . . ( , ).

(3 1912).

 , 26 1912. ( , )

(10 1912). ( , )

. ( 1912-1913)

35

12 2011

- .

-

.. , , *.

12 2011 - ,
: - .
- ..: , ,

, ,

.., . , , .
.. .
.. .. .
.

, ,

.

* .
- 2011

36

. , .. ..

, .




.


, .
,

.
.
.




.

29
1947

.

, ,


1990
.


,
,
,
.
, , -
-
. ,

(
)
.
.
,
,
, .

,
.

,

.


, . ,

.

,

.




:
,
,

.
, .. , . .
, .

.
.
, .. - ,
.
- 2011

37

. . , .. - ..

,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
. . :
.
.

.
.

.

.
,
.
,
.
. ,

. -
,


. ,
,

. .
,
,

.


, . , ,

. ,


. , ,
,

.


.
,
100

1912,
,

- 2011

. 1896
-
1897, .

,

.
1912.
, ,

.
().

, .

,

.
, .
,
.
,
. ( ).

,
,
. , ,
,
.

38

-
. , ..

,
-
.
- ,
(
, - 20%).
Filastin, Falastin Filistin,

Yeretz srael ( )
Palestina Palaestina , -
- ,
, 6 ..
,
70 .. .
,
( ). .

(Canaan), Land of , ,
Israel Yeretz Yisrael
, Holly
,
Land
, ,
.
,

(: , :
)
.
,
, 20.770

. .

. 7.587.000 (. : , - 1948 - : ) (330 , 640 ..),

, (7 ..), - 20.770 . . - (1071 ..),
7.587.000 .
. 1948 - (1099 - 1187..), -
- ( 1250 - 1516 ..),

- (1516-1831),
.
(1831-1841)

/ (1841 1917) 1920 - 1948.

1270 .. 20 .

, (),

,
, .
1947, , 29
. 181

,
.

,
,
, .
, 590.000
1.320.000 .
14 1948,
,

, .
,

-

- 2011

39
(Israel Defense
Force/IDF, :
-) , ,
.

1948, -
,
(, - , , .
) -

, - .
-

.
- .


. .
-

,
( ).
(
)
1979
( ), 1994

-

Medinat Yisrael
(14-5-1947)

.


1967,

,


, ,
.

1973

.
1994,
, ,
.
,
, (2000-2005),
.



2005, ,

.

-

.
1982
(Operation Peace for Galilee),
18
2000, 2006
. 2008 (Operation Cast Lead).

,

(IDF)
31 1948,
.

, (
),
(Irgun),
(Palmach)
(Lehi).
IDF


(Rav Aluf) Benny Gantz
.
IDF




,
(
), (, ) .


. :

40

( ,
) ,

. ,
,

.
, , , .
.

, 18 .
2005-2007,
,
,


.
2011

(Rav
Aluf ) Benny Gantz.


. - .
,

.
45
.

.

2-8 .
, - 30%
70% , .
,

.
,

, , . ,
Dry Storage System ,
,
.
. .. rotation
,



.


.

,

,

.


,
, ,
, ,

,
,
.

,

.

.
,



/. 2002
/
, 6
76 .

,
.
Mall 19 ,
16.

.
.
,
125.000 (40.000 85.000
) 600.000 .

- 2011

41

(
8-16 ,
).

. ,
.

.

:
(Homefront
Command)
(North Command)

(Central
Command)
(South Command)
(Air Force)
(Navy)
(Ground Forces)
(Armored Corps)
(Nahal Brigade)
(Golani Brigade)
(Givati Brigade)
(Kfir Brigade)

(Paratroopers Brigade)

(Combat
Engineering Corps)
(Artillery Corps)
(COGAT:
Coordinator Of Government
Activities in the Territories)
(Education
Corps)
C4I (C4I Corps)

(Advisor on Womens Issues).
(Eilat Brigate).
,
.
IDF

,
.


.
80
20.
.
,

1948


(2010)
, .
: 2975 (1800 merkava)


-: 10851 (443 )

19.500 .
:451
: 620
: 224
.
-: 107 (100 jericho 1,2,3)

(Aluf)
A/t : 1225
/
sam:
1250

.
/: 470
: 750
, :
3 , Saar 5-class.
IDF.
(Eilat, Blade, Spear 1994-95)
10 , Saar 4.5 class.
3 Dolphin.

(Dolphin, Livyathan, Tekumah 1999
200).
- 42
. (Hativa)

.


(

Dolphin,
)
.

,
I ,

IDF,

(IAF),

, Zroa
.
HaAvir VeHahalal, Air
and Space Arm,
Kheil HaAvir, Air
Corps)
,

,
, Heil HaYam
HaIsraeli,

IDF
, .. - .

- 2011

42
.

(Aluf ) Ido Nehoshtan.

/:
58 F-15 Baz
25 F-15I Raam
149 F-16 Netz
101 F-16 Barak
102 F-16I Sufa
57 /
91 / , ,
, , VIP .
185 / , 43
Cobra, 49 Apache, 23 Sea Stallion,
47 Black Hawk .
UAV (Eitan,
Heron, Hermes 450 ).

, de facto de jure.


.
,
.

(-),

.
( )
21 1990, ,
,
, ,
.

, -

. 1995
,
.
,
,
.

.

.

2010,
,
,

- ( ) . ,


.


( )
.
,
2010
9 .

(
),

.

( )

,
. ,

2010,

.



. 2010,

30 . , ,
, ,
- , .


.
,





.


2011,

- 2011

43
,

,
-

.

,
.
,

.

2011
2010,
.

, ,


.
12-12011,
,

,


.

.


,
,
:
.
12-9-2011 .
-

,

.
.



12 ,
.

14 ,
, ,
,
.


.
22 . 2011
,

, -
.
-

- 2011

. , ,
(
),


,
,
, , , , , .
,

, ,
.
,
,

, .
-
,

( ) (
).


..
.

:
* AGM-142 Popeye.
.
* SPICE
-

44
( kit)

( 3 ) ( 30 ).
.
* Delilah -stand-off ,

,
.
250

.
* - (Targeting Pods)
F-16

.
SPICE
1000 2000

100
.


,
LEO 2 HEL, ( ),

.

.

.
,

.
-

, 5 / F 16,
vda


/. Ovda 115
F-16 Aggressors Top Gun! Top
Gun , . ,



,
.

-



.
.

-
:

- :

..

-
,

:

.

.
N M.
- - .


- .

-
UAV UCAV.

, , .

.
-- .
-
.

.

lobbies .

.
.

.
- .
.
, -

- 2011

45

.
.
- .

-
.

-
- -
traffiking .

,



,
,
.
, ,
,

-

.

(
),
,

,

, ,





.
-

(
),
,
,
.


,
,
, ,


.


, .
,


,
,
,

. , ,
,

.


. ,



.
- ,

.

- 2011

, ,

, ,
, ,
( ),
(
) , , , ,
, ,
,
,
,

.

.. 1954.

1972 1976
- /.

.
1993-94 , ..

.
1995-2000 . .
2000-2003
-.
2006
.

.

.
.

.

1976 .

46

:
. ,

,


.



,


.
29 1947. H

.
13
181



.
, 11 1949

, .
,
de facto, , 18
1949. ,
, ,
de facto (, , ,
,
. de
facto
).

de jure ( , ,


)
1990.
1949, , ,

,

.

.




.
,
, ,
.

.
, 170.000
,
1960 18.000. ,
,
,
,

- .

,

,
, .
,

.


,
.
1981,

.

,

,
- .
, ,
. ,

. , 1953

.
,


,

.
1981, ,
.
!

- 2011

47


.
( )

.



.
,

,

.
,
PLO

.
,
.
1987,
, de jure .
,
. , .
!
.

, , .
21 1990, ,
, 42
,
.

,
1993
1999,
,


.
,
, , ,
.
1999

.
, .
,
.
2008



.


.

2010,
.

, ,



.

- 2011

.
2010,

,
,

,
.


,
.


.
State Department

-

.

.
--

.
;


.

1.

,
.

-

48

,
.


.
,
,


.

,

.
,
,
.

2.

2009
, ,



,


. ,

,
. 2010


,
.
-

,
,
.
,

.


,
.



.

.

.

,

. .
,


.

3.

, , ,
, , ,
.

,
.

, , , .
,

.

.

,

.

4.

- .

, ,
,
.
.
.
.

.
. .
. ,

,
.
.
. -

- 2011

49
.

. ,
, ,
,
.
. 2009, 30.000 , 2010

260.000, 2011

400.000.
,





,

.

,
.
.


projects
-
.
.


.
26/01/2011

( )
.


.

,



,
.
.
,
.
,
,



.


,
:
;
, .

.
,

. -

- 2011

.



.
,

, ,
. , ,

.
,

, .
,

.
.

1960.


21
.
1983
.
1984 1986
.
1986

.



,

.

50

, ,
. , ..

, , ,
,
, ().
, .
. () (1)
, . . (1).

. , ,
,

, ,
,
.
,
, . 1873, . -
- ,
.
, ,
. ,

, , ,
,

.

, (, , ),
, .

.

, .
, , - -
.

- .

-

.
, , ,

.
.
-
(),

,
.

, .
.
(, , , ),

.
, , ,
.
- , ,
,
,
, , ..

- (2) .
,
, , ,
.
- ( ,
, )
.
-

,
.
( ). , ,

.

, , ,
, ,
.
-

, ,
.
-
, , , , , , ,
(3) , .
()
, .
(1)  , .
(2)  -
.
(3)  , 19 , ( ).

- 2011

51

. . , ..

,

. ,
:
, ,
.
.
,
:
, 1821.
,
,
,
.
, :
: ,

(, , , ,
). ,



,
.
,
,
.
, ,
,

(5) .
, .
,
.

, 2 3 4 ,
(
).

,

.
, .
- ,

, .

, .


,
.
, ,

,

, .
,
,
..;
, ,
.
:
- .
5:1, ,
:
, ,

- 2011

.. .
,
.
,
,
,

150

( ..).

.
-

( ). .


;
,
, , ,
, ...
.
.

.. , ,
.

..
,

.


.

,


(- ..). ,
.

52

. ,
, .

. -
,

. 1973-1976,


,
,
.

1964-1965,


.
, ,


.
, ,
.
,

, ,

.
,

,
,


,
, , .

.
15 1974

.
.
,
,
,
.
1974,

,
, , ,
.

,





.




,
1941. ,

,

.
300 , ,
.
(1945),
, , .

,

,


.
,
,
. ,

,
-

- 2011

53
,


. ,
, ,
. ,

,

.

,
,
.
,
,
,


. 2/3
, , ,

.
,

. ,

.

,
,

,
(intensity conflict),
, .
,
. ,
, . ,
,
,

.
. ,
,
,

,
.
,
.

, .

.
:
, , - ;

,

.
, ,


. ,
.

-

.

,
,
.

. .
.

- 2011

.

,
.

, , ,
(, , ). ,
.
,

,
,


.

,


.
,


,
.

, ,
.
, ,
,
.

, ,
,

.

54
.

(610-1081)

. . ,
, ,
.

. ,


,
: :


(610-1081). , ,
.
, ,



,
,
.
.


,

:
. .

, , .



. - ,
, ,


,
,


.



,
, ,




.
.
, ,
, ,

, , ,

.
. !

.
, , ,


.
,

,
. -

,
, ,
,
.

.
.
,

, , .
!
,
, ,


.



.

.

, ,
.
,
,
,
, ,

.
!

, ,
,
, 680
1081 .
-

- 2011

55
\
, , ,
, ,
, ,

,

.
, ,
.
!

, ,




.


! ,

, ,
! .

,
.

,
,

,

, .

.

. ,
. . ..
.. ....

,
.
,
....

-
.



.

,

.

. ,


.

- 2011

. ,
(, , ,
, , ).


. :
,
,
,
,

.


..

.



.


Fori
(
- Armed Forces - Conflict Resolution),
(Ergomas, - (I.U.S.) .


.
, .

56

(1914-1941)

. ,
, .

. .



, ,

1914 - 1941.

, ,
20 ,

,
.

.
- 1897,

,
,
- .
()-, , 1910
10 , -
.

,
.
-

.

, 10
, , .
,

.


.
,
.

,
, .
,
, ,

.
,


,
.
,

,
,
. ,
, .
, ,
,

. ,
. , ,
,
, ,
, . .

,
,

.
,
,
, ,
.
, ,
,
. ,

,
.

,
,
.


,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
.

- 2011

57
,
.
, .

,
1914, 25 . ,
, . ,
3-4 ,
. .. , ,
,
.


,
. 12 1920

.
13 1920 .

,

,
.


:
.

, ,
.

. ,
, ,

.

,

.


.

. 1921
.
- , , , :


.
.

,


,
.

, ,
.
( ).

,
, .
, . ,
5

- 2011

1922, . :
.. .
, , ..
,
, ,
.
,

.

,
, ,
.
,
,

,

.
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
,
, .
,
, ,
. ,


,
,

.

58

O O
- 2011
1.
.
17 2011

: . . . .. ,
. . ,
. . ,
. . ,
/ , .., ..
....
12 2011

: - . .
.. , , -
, , .., . , ,
. . ,
.., .. ....

.
..
.... :
5 2011 . (1911-2011).
, , , .
14 2011
.. .. .
.
...

.
3 2011 . , .. -

....
, 8, .
2 2011
,

-
.
23 2011
28 1940

-.
21 2011
1 ( 2015- (..)
) - .

2.
. 25 ,
, ...
. , .........................5
. .................................................... 10
. , ............................................ 25
. , ............................ 25
. , ..................................... 25
. /, .. ............................................5
. , .. . .................................... 10
. , .. ................................ 25
. , .. ................... 25
. , ...............................................5
. , ....................5
. , .. . .....................................5
. ,

., ,
, .
. ......................................................................5
. ......................................................... 30
. , .......................................... 40
. , ......................................... 30
- 2011


59

3.
.
. :

. : .


(610-1081).
: .

. :
(1914-1941)
. :

(
..).

.
,


.
..
...





()



.


()

, ,

(....) 2011
95 - 98
.

1.
2. -
3.
4. -
5.
6. -
7. - -
8. -
9. -
10.
11.
(, )
12. -
-
13.

14.
15. -

16. -
17. - -

-
18. -
19. -
20.
21.
22.
23. -
24. - -
25. -
26.
27. ( - )
28. -
-
29.
30.
31.
32. -

33. -

34.
35.
36. -
37. (Editorial)
38.
39.
40. -
41. -
42. -
43. -
44.
45.
(...)
46.
47. () -
48. -
49.
50.

1.
2. -
. /
.
. , .., 97, .
- . 2011, . 42.
3.
4. -
, .. . .
. , .. .
95, . -. 2011. . 75.
. . . .
, ..,

- 2011

95, . -. 2011. . 76.

. , ..
. , .., 96,
-. 2011, . 59.
.
.. . . , ,
. 98, - 2011, . 52.
.

(610-1081).
. . . .

59

, , ,
. 98, - 2011,
. 54.
. .
. . , .
. .. .. .... 98,
- 2011, . 55.
(1914-1941).
. . , ,
. 98, - 2011, . 56.
5.
6. -
7. - -
- (. - ).
. , .., 96, .-.
2011, . 43.
8. -
9. - -
10.
. 96,
-. 2011, . 60.
. 2011. 97, .-.
2011, . 8.
- - . : . , . .. .. 92, - .
2010, . 16.
11. (, )
12. - -
 & . 16 . 2011.
96, -. 2011, . 11.
 . .
, 96, -. 2011, . 42.
13. -
 . . 95,
-. 2011, . 8.
. 96, .. 2011, . 8.
. . 97, . 2011. . 10.
.. . .
14.
15. -
 . . . MSc /
, 96, -. 2011, . 52.
 & . . ,
... 95, --. 2011, . 63.
 . .
, .., 95, -. 2011,
. 68.
16. -
 70 .. . .
. , .., 95,
-. 2011, . 31.
17. - -
18. -
19. -
 . , .. 97, -. 2011, . 45.

60

20.
EUROPOL: . . . . ,
(). 97, -. 2011, . 50.
21.
... ; , .., 96, . - . 2011, . 59.
22.
. . ,
.., 95, -. 2011, . 51.
23. -
24. - -
25. - -
26.
. Robert
Kaplan, . .., 95, -. 2011, . 27.
27. ( - )
28. - -
. . .
, .. 98, - 2011, . 51.
29. -
30.
1821 . , ..
95, -. 2011, . 67.
. 95, -. 2011, .
71.

(6 . 1944). . , ... 96,
.-. 2011, . 39.
. . , () .. 97, .-. 2011, . 52.
: , ,
. . . ,
97, . - . 2011, . 58.
100 . .
. , .., 97, -. 2011,
. 49.
, , . .
, .. 98,
- 2011, . 50.
31.
32. -
33. -
34.
;
.. , 97, -. 2011,
. 61.
35.
36. -
( ).
. . , 97, -. 2011, .
48.
37. (Editorial)
.
. &
. ;
.
38.

 - .
- . 12 2011.
98, - 2011, . 35.
39.
.
. , () ... 95, -.
2011, . 61.
. . , .. 96, -. 2011, . 46.
(). . .
, .., 97, -. 2011, . 25
.
& . Patrik
Haimradeh, . , 97, . 2011, . 35.
; . , () .., 97, -. 2011, .
40.
, . ,
.., 95, -. 2011, . 69.
40. -
Stuxnet: . . , . / .
96, -. 2011, . 48.
.
. . 17
2011. 98, - 2011,
. 14.
41. -
. 21 . 2011, 95, -. 2011, . 12.
, .. . , . 95, -. 2011,
. 65.
, . , ..
96, -. 2011, . 54.
. , .. 96, -. 2011, . 57.
42. - ()
43. - -
. ,
. 14 . 2011, 95, -. 2011,

. 4.
44. , .
.
. 1. Andrei Shleifer &
Daniel Treisman. .. . .
96. -. 2011, . 35.
. 2, .
97, -. 2011, . 14.
45. (....)
46.  -
- .
- . 95, -.
2011, . 6.
63 .
96, .-. 2011, . 6.
64 .
97, -. 2011, . 6.
- .
98, - 2011, . 6.
58 (NDC) .
98, - 2011, . 8.
47. () -
48. -
49.
. ..
. , 95, .-. 2011, . 59.
. . ,
96, -. 2011, . 35.

. .. ,
97, -. 2011, . 19.

- . .. .
. 97, -. 2011, . 38.

. . , ..
98, - 2011, . 25.

. . Wendy Kristianasen. . .
, .. 98, - 2011, . 28.
50.

1. , ..
(100) .
97, -. 2011. . 49.
2. , ..
. . 97, -.
2011, . 45.
. . 98, -. 2011, .
54.
3. ., () ..
. .
95, -. 2011, . 61

. ;. 97, .-.
2011, . 40.
4. , ..
. 96, . 2011, . 57
5. , ..
. 95, -. 2011,
. 68.
6. , .
: ,
. 97, -. 2011, . 58.

61

62
7. , ..
(6
. 1944). 96, -. 2011, . 39.
8. , ..
. . 95, . 2011, . 63.
. .
, / . 97, -.
2011, . 42.
.
. 97, . 2011, . 38.
. : . 98,
- 2011, . 52.
. :
(1914-1941). . 98, - 2011, . 56.
9. , ..
, , . 98,
- 2011, . 28.
10. . (). SC . .
. Europol: . . 97, . 2011, . 50.
. . 96, -. 2011, . 52.
11. . ..
. . 96, .. 2011, . 46.
. . 95, -. 2011, . 69.
12. , ..
. : . , ..
96, -. 2011, . 59.
. : .

(610-1081). . . 98, - 2011, . 54.
13. . . . &
STUXNET: .
96, -. 2011, . 48.
14. , () ..
. 97, -.
2011, . 52.
15. /
. . 96, . 2011, . 42
. ( ).
97, -. 2011, . 48.
16. . ..
. 95, -. 2011, . 51.
17. , () ..
. . 95, . 2011, . 59.
.
. 96, -. 2011, . 35.

62

.
. 97, -. 2011, . 19.
. . 98, - 2011, . 25.
18. , ..
. 1821 . 95, -. 2011, . 67.
. ;. 97, . 2011, . 61.
19. , ..
- (- ).
96, -. 2011, . 43.
20. . ..
. : , . , ..
95, -. 2011. . 75.
. : Robert
Kaplan. T 95, -. 2011, . 27
. : . Patrik
Haimzadeh T 97, .-. 2011, . 35.
. . ,
. Andrei Shleifer & Daniel Treisman.
. 96, .-. 2011, . 35.
. 97, -. 2011, . 14.
. .
14
2011. 98, - 2011, . 8.
. . . Wendy Kristianasen. 98, - 2011, . 28.
21. . ..
().
. 97. -.
2011, . 25.
22. . ..
:
. . 95,
-. 2011, . 8.
. 96, .. 2011, . 8.
. . 97, .. 2011, . 10.
23. , ..
... ;. 96, .-.
2011, . 59.
24. , . . ..

.. ....
: . . . 98,
- 2011, . 55.
25. , ..
70 .. . .
95, -. 2011, . 31.
- 2011



()

27 2012,
21.00
.
.
35 . ,
( , ).
(. 2108811853) 20 2012
, 09.00 14.00.

&


Eurobank 0026-0255-30-0101247138
-
(e-mail),
(hndc55@yahoo.gr),
.
, ( )

- (www. seetha.gr)

,

(5)
Eurobank 0026-0255-30-0101247138.
.