Professional Documents
Culture Documents
wind energy
GLOBAL SERVICES TO THE wInd EnERGy IndUSTRy Wind resource assessment Project due diligence Project development assistance Testing and instrumentation Wind turbine engineering
Type certification Project certification Health, safety and environmental risk management Marine/offshore advisory services
COnTEnTS 04 06 08 10 12 Providing expertise along the entire life cycle The importance of planning Creating continuity, confidence and trust Managing investment risk Uniquely positioned to work offshore 14 Optimising performance and safety 16 Beyond wind energy supporting emerging energy resources 18 Turning todays innovations into tomorrows standards 20 Project examples
Wind energy is vital to a cleaner energy future. But technical, environmental, and financial risks must be managed to release its potential. With 150 years experience in shipping, more than 40 years experience in some of the toughest offshore environments, and 25 years in wind energy, DnV is a unique partner whatever the challenge offshore or onshore. Our services and global expertise ensure you get more out of wind safely and effectively.
DnV/Betsie McLain
DNV provides a wide range of services for developers, manufacturers, and financiers investing in renewable energy. We provide a clear overview of the risks and opportunities associated with a specific venture. Our risk management services cover the entire life cycle of wind energy projects, including: Wind resource assessment Project due diligence Project development assistance Testing and instrumentation Wind turbine engineering Type certification Project certification Health, safety and environmental risk management Marine/offshore advisory services Asset risk management Wind turbine installation and service vessels
DnV/richard Harrison
Our services are offered worldwide and we hold a wide range of national accreditations. With our global network of local resources, we can provide the project support, risk management, and certification services most appropriate for your needs. Through our technical cooperation with the Ris National Laboratory in Denmark, CENER in Spain, the Clean Tech Centre in Singapore, and the National Energy Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory in the U.S., we are engaged in front-end renewable energy research. DNV also sponsors substantial internal research and innovation programmes to investigate cutting edge technologies, develop new methodologies and best practices, and introduce the latest technical advances into our services to benefit our clients.
Strategy
Design
Construction
Decommissioning
DnV/nina rangy
DnV
vices have played an important role in minimising the number of design errors and creating confidence in the industry among manufacturers, developers, owners, finance and insurance companies, and regulatory authorities.
FEASIBILITy STUdIES
DNV has completed wind energy feasibility studies in many locations around the world for a variety of clients ranging from multilateral international banks to small municipalities. The detail included in these studies is tailored to the individual clients needs but typically includes consideration of the technical, economic, financial, environmental, and institutional viability of a project. As recognised leaders in this area, we have frequently conducted training courses on how to prepare feasibility studies to meet international standards and/or for financing purposes. DNV also provides site screening and site selection services for clients. We apply a variety of site selection criteria, including: the regional and local wind resource, terrain features and orientation, compatibility with existing or future land uses, proximity to electrical infrastructure, proximity to property boundaries, environmental and community acceptance factors, aviation and communication factors, and appropriate turbine size and setback requirements to determine and prioritise development potential.
rob Slack
local community. Industry standard computer software is used to evaluate the impacts of sound and shadow flicker on surrounding areas.
DnV DnV
TyPE CERTIFICATIOn
Wind turbines should generally have as a minimum type approval according to a recognised certification system, such as IEC WT 01, and there may also be additional local or national requirements applicable to the chosen projectspecific approval scheme. DNV offers type certification services according to a certification system defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in the document IEC WT 01 and also according to various other national certification systems. Type certification comprises evaluation of design, type testing, and manufacturing, as well as an optional type characteristic measurements module (power quality and noise). The process ends with the issue of a type certificate, which is maintained and verified over time.
tions. Accelerated testing of full-scale blades is carried out in laboratories. DNV can carry out the type tests or review the test plans and test reports of other accredited laboratories.
Manufacturing evaluation
DNV conducts a survey of the manufacturing of one wind turbine sample to be covered by type certification according to IEC WT 01. Wind turbine manufacturers normally operate a certified quality system according to ISO 9001. For such certified quality systems DNV performs an audit to confirm that the work instructions, purchase specifications, quality control procedures, and records, etc., follow the design covered by certification. Extended audits are relevant for quality systems that are not certified.
Type testing
Type testing and type characteristic measurements are performed in order to verify the wind turbine performance with respect to power production performance, noise, and power quality. Furthermore, safety and functional tests and load measurements are carried out in order to verify the dynamic behaviour of the turbine and the load calcula-
PROJECT CERTIFICATIOn
Offshore wind farms are large investments and represent a higher risk than land based wind farms. To protect investments, owners, investors, and insurance companies increas-
ingly look for an experienced partner to verify that the wind farms will perform successfully through their intended lifetime. DNV has developed an offshore project certification service that covers all the critical phases of a wind farm project. Issued by a third-party certification body, the certificate lets all parties involved know they can trust that a wind farm project has been assessed against the industry best-practice. By subjecting a wind farm project to certification, the owner can demonstrate awareness of the increased risk involved in moving offshore and willingness to deal with it.
DnV/Toftenes
mance testing on most major turbine models. A thorough review of contractual and customer requirements forms the basis for our analysis. Our services include analysis of the need for site calibration; equipment specification, procurement, and installation; on-going data quality assurance; early identification of potential concerns; and comprehensive reporting in accordance with IEC 61400-12 requirements.
DnV
Loads testing
Turbine manufacturers rely on DNV to provide accredited loads measurement services to optimise performance or to verify design calculations to support product development or improvement, type certification, or problem investigation on individual components or systems. Our engineers have carried out load testing work for a wide range of turbine models in locations around the world.
Step-by-step approach
The core of the project certification services consists of six phases each representing a period of time, from verification of the design basis, through to the in-service inspections. DNV project certification is based on a step-by-step approach that minimises the total project risk: Phase I Design basis including external conditions Phase II Detailed design Phase III Manufacturing Phase IV Installation Phase V Commissioning Phase VI In-service
noise emissions
DNV conducts accredited noise testing for type certification, to ensure compliance with local regulations, verify sound levels are within warranted boundaries, and provide baseline assessments for later comparisons. Our team provides a rapid response to requests from project developers, turbine manufacturers, owners, and operators.
Power quality*
DNV conducts power quality testing to assess the electrical characteristic of wind turbines. The equipment and methodologies employed by DNV, including quality assurance practices, meet or exceed IEC 61400-21 requirements. DNV expects to be accredited for power quality testing in June 2011. The addition of power quality testing to DNVs accredited testing service offerings will allow DNV to perform all of the testing required for type certification.
Our independent engineering and due diligence services support investors and owners during project financing, mergers and acquisitions, portfolio financings, and other transactions occurring in the wind industry. Our team has extensive experience preparing independent engineers reports for wind energy investors, with a reputation for professional, confidential, and unbiased analysis.
lenges of wind energy projects and have experience evaluating a wide range of risk mitigation strategies. We help our clients to understand investment uncertainties and assist them in developing project structures that work for all participants. We conduct due diligence activities under a broad range of circumstances including debt and equity investments on new projects, acquisitions of existing projects or development portfolios, investments in installation vessels to support the offshore wind industry, and investments in new technology.
DnV
For wind project financing, our due diligence assessments commonly address: Wind resource and energy projections Project documentation, including equipment supply, construction, and warranty agreements Environmental and regulatory permits Foundation or platform design Wind turbine technology assessment and suitability for the project site Project engineering and construction oversight Performance assessment and testing Power market pricing
Ability to achieve construction schedule and contingency plans Pro forma inputs Operation and maintenance plans
During construction, DNV provides construction oversight and monitoring services to identify any schedule delays, quality concerns, or other risks. In addition, we typically conduct ongoing performance and operational reviews during the loan term.
With our strong maritime heritage and our equally strong commitment to a cleaner energy future, DNV is well positioned to help a wide range of clients through our offshore wind and marine advisory services. Some of these services are extensions of our onshore work. Other services are more specific to offshore activities in order to support clients during planning, installation, operation, and maintenance of their offshore wind projects.
structures, objects, vessels and equipment, systems, and procedures involved in marine operations. DNV issues a Marine Operations Declaration upon acceptance of design calculations, equipment, procedures, and preparations in accordance with DNV Rules for Planning and Execution of Marine Operations. The DNV Marine Operations Declaration satisfies requirements for insurance underwriters as well as national and international regulatory agencies.
OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
In addition to our certification of offshore wind structures, foundations, and meteorological masts, DNV works on conceptual designs, structural analyses, load simulations, and other activities related to offshore structures. Furthermore, we have experience with offshore transformer and accommodation platforms including the development of access strategies; identification of health, safety, and environmental risks; and the preparation of emergency response plans.
DnV/Thomas Boehme
DnV
Although wind energy has been the fastest growing renewable energy source in recent years, other technologies will be equally important to our energy future. DnV is engaged with wave and tidal technology, photovoltaic and solar thermal energy, and other renewable resources, as well as the integration of these renewable energy resources into our transmission and distribution systems.
DNV has strengthened our service lines to the renewable energy market through the acquisition of BEW Engineering Inc. in San Ramon, California, in October 2010. BEW brings expertise in solar and wind, as well as transmission and distribution systems, to complement DNVs other renewable energy competences. adequately developed, DNV services help avoid the need for late and expensive design changes or costly offshore recovery operations. We also provide support through environmental condition assessments, hydrodynamic analyses and model testing, warranty surveys, reliability assessments, manufacturing and in-service inspections, and related assessments of the technical, financial, and schedule risk associated with a project.
DnV/Betsie McLain
grators and has become the premier source for PV system independent engineering consulting services. Services include: Independent engineering and due diligence service for PV power plants PV system engineering and design services from concept to completed system design Site solar resource assessment PV system performance modelling, power rating, and energy production estimates System and component testing, data acquisition, and data analysis Custom conversion design and development PV project feasibility and economic assessment PV component development and evaluation Solar power plant collection system design PV workshops and training
development through implementation. This broad perspective has proven invaluable to investor-owned as well as customer-owned utilities and power generation project developers, with special emphasis on renewable energy grid interconnection and integration. Services include: Transmission interconnection studies (power flow, short circuit, transient stability) Equipment model development for EMTP, PSLF, PSS/E analysis platforms Development of project-specific technical data for large and small generator interconnection requests Renewable energy grid integration studies Power purchase agreement negotiation Domestic and international industry standards development (IEC, IEEE, UL) Intellectual property strategy and development In addition to onshore transmission and distribution experience, DNV also provides services related to subsea cables and offshore substations.
DnV/Don roberts
proJecT eXamples
InSTALLATIOn METHOdOLOGIES FOR OFFSHORE wInd STATOIL
Statoil is one of four partners in Forewind, the consortium awarded concession rights for the worlds largest offshore wind project Dogger Bank. The project will comprise nearly two thousand wind turbines covering an area of 8,660 square kilometres in the north Sea when finished. The project is located between 125 and 290 km from the UK shore, with water depths spanning from 18 to 63 metres. The project will require a highly sophisticated construction philosophy. Statoil asked DnV to conduct a concept evaluation to identify cost efficient and robust installation methodologies. The evaluation was based on both qualitative and quantitative assessments of different logistical alternatives and vessel segments, combined into installation concepts. The quantitative assessment, focusing on installation duration, cost and robustness, was based on DnVs Value Chain Assessment methodology, a service for strategic decision support. To capture all aspects of the assessed concepts, a qualitative study was carried out where HSe risks, technical feasibility and maturity, and logistical complexity were analysed.
DnV/Thomas Boehme
Brazils first ever wind energy auction was held in December 2009. At stake were 20-year power purchase agreements with electrobras - the largest power utility company in Brazil and Latin America with majority ownership by the Brazilian federal government. Two further auctions were held in August 2010 and plans for future auctions are underway. The auction process represented a key opportunity for energisa to enter Brazils emerging wind energy market. DnV assisted energisa with the preparations for entering into the 2010 auction process by providing energy assessments, cost estimates, and a number of other advisory services.
CRITICAL ISSUE
Success in the government-sponsored energy auction.
CRITICAL ISSUE
Statoils challenge was to establish and understand the potential installation concepts for Dogger Bank within schedule, budget, quality and HSe requirements.
SOLUTIOn
Documentation review. Identification of key risks/uncertainties. Assessment of potential layouts and turbine types. Preparation of energy assessments.
SOLUTIOn
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of potential installation concepts to identify critical issues for cost efficient and robust installation.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
recommendations made and mitigation strategies developed to reduce risk and project uncertainties. Winning bid entry into the 2010 government-sponsored energy auction process.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
Vital information for the strategy on how to construct the Dogger Bank field.
Type testing of wind turbines is one of the mandatory modules to achieve type certification of newly designed wind turbines and includes power performance, load, acoustic noise, power quality measurement and safety and function testing. The type testing shall be carried out by an accredited testing body which is in compliance with ISO/IeC 17025, in this case DnV in Seattle. Type testing is carried out within the scope of relevant IeC 61400 series standards to meet the uniform methodology that will ensure consistency and accuracy in the measurement and analysis. The measured data in various wind conditions and turbine operating modes are used to validate calculated design loads, specify turbine performances, and verify turbine behaviours under the various test conditions.
DnV
Through analysis of the data, DnV will develop a framework for recommended practices for wind turbine gearbox health monitoring and add valuable data on incipient gearbox component failure to the ongoing national renewable energy Laboratory gearbox reliability Collaborative project. To collect data for this project, DnV has inspected the internal condition of multiple wind turbine gearboxes, and worked with multiple wind project operators to collect operational data for a variety of turbines. DnV is analysing the data and establishing relationships between the operational parameters and observed gearbox health.
CRITICAL ISSUE
Data accuracy is of paramount importance to the turbine supplier. A successful test programme must be planned and executed flawlessly to enable a rapid and successful type certification process. Type certification provides confidence to the market.
CRITICAL ISSUE
Wind turbine gearboxes are a high-cost component of wind turbines, and serial failures have been common in the industry.
SOLUTIOn
research into the causes of premature failure of wind turbine gearboxes. Framework for a DnV recommended practice for wind turbine gearbox health monitoring.
SOLUTIOn
Type testing field measurements and type certification of wind turbine.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
Advancement of wind turbine durability through improved knowledge of the factors that positively and directly influence gearbox health.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
global capabilities in both field testing and certification delivered a local, high-quality service to HHI.
Vattenfall contracted DnV to verify the design basis, design and manufacturing modules of the DnV Project Certification scheme for the Thanet offshore wind farm. The verification activities encompass the entire integrated support and wind turbine structures as well as the structural design of the substation. The wind turbine selected for the project carries a DnV type certificate, which facilitates the independent load analysis of the entire integrated wind turbine and substructure, because the aeroelastic model of the turbine and controller is already available and validated by DnV. This independent analysis is a key element in DnV verification of the load and responses that encompass the turbine, including the tower and the substructure.
wInd EnERGy TECHnOLOGy, PERFORMAnCE, And COST UPdATES eLeCTrIC POWer reSeArCH InSTITUTe (ePrI)
DnV/Terry Toftenes
The wind energy industry continues to evolve with significant changes occurring on an annual basis and electric power generating utilities are challenged to remain current with all market conditions. The entry of new manufacturers including those located in Asia is also changing the competitive landscape of the wind industry. To meet ePrI member needs, DnV completed a series of annual reports documenting key information regarding technology, performance and cost updates associated with the U.S. wind energy market. Technology trends including larger rotors, advanced controls, adaptations for the offshore market, and other improvements were tracked and documented.
CRITICAL ISSUE
Unbiased sources of accurate information are needed to allow utility companies, seeking to acquire wind generated energy, make confident business decisions.
CRITICAL ISSUE
Documentation of the safety and performance level of the entire integrated support and wind turbine structures.
SOLUTIOn
Independent verification by accredited third party (DnV).
SOLUTIOn
Provision of information on the most current turbine technology trends, performance improvements, capital and O&M costs, and economic analysis for use in ePrI publications.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
Confirmation that the Thanet Wind Farm is designed and manufactured to an adequate and well defined safety level according to DnV and IeC standards for the Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
Clear, independent reports of the most critical information and key trends occurring in the market facilitating informed business decisions.
MAnAGInG PUBLIC SAFETy RISK FOR OnSHORE wInd FARM dEVELOPMEnTS RENEWABLEUK
DnV was commissioned by renewableUK to support the development of a guidance document that addresses the issue of public safety risks associated with onshore wind farm developments.
A range of DnV offshore standards, including DnV-OS-J201, Offshore substations for wind farms, are applied for the design, thereby leveraging 40 years of experience from the offshore oil and gas industry and combining it with knowledge in power systems and transmission.
The guidance document applies a life cycle approach to risk management and can be used by developers, planners, owners and operators at any or all phases of an onshore wind farm project. Although there is currently no explicit legal requirement in the UK to address public safety as part of the planning process, the wind industry is taking its responsibility seriously and is developing an approach to assist in identifying and understanding the risks that members of the public may be exposed to from onshore wind farm developments. The document reflects current industry good practice and if applied could engineer-out hazards at the early design stage or reduce the risk to public safety from a wind farm to As Low As reasonably Practicable (ALArP).
DnV/Don roberts
CRITICAL ISSUE
Challenges of extending germanys electricity network offshore.
CRITICAL ISSUE
need for the wind industry to apply a consistent best practice approach to address public safety risk.
SOLUITOn
Independent verification of design basis, design, manufacturing and construction.
SOLUTIOn
Develop a guidance document that outlines a systematic approach to hazard identification, hazard evaluation and risk management.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
Third-party assurance within tight schedules.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
Best practice guidance document for the wind industry that addresses the potential risks that could impact public safety from onshore wind farm developments.
GUIdELInES On dESIGn And OPERATIOn OF wAVE EnERGy COnVERTERS THe CArBOn TrUST
getty Images
Currently there are few dedicated standards for marine energy systems. Consequently, technology developers are exploring how standards that exist in other industry sectors can be applied to their designs a pragmatic approach to make best use of available knowledge.
In recognition of this, DnV was commissioned by the Carbon Trust as part of the Marine energy Challenge to prepare a set of guidelines on the application of existing offshore standards to marine energy systems. The guidelines focus on wave energy devices, but certain parts are also relevant to tidal stream energy devices. These guidelines cover a range of technical areas, providing advice on all stages from concept through manufacture to installation and decommissioning.
CRITICAL ISSUE
Application of existing offshore knowledge to new technology.
SOLUTIOn
Provide guidance on selection of standards and appropriate measures to be taken to ensure reliability and decrease uncertainties.
CRITICAL ISSUE
Maximising We energies benefit during continued development and operation of project.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
Support for the Carbon Trusts strategic work in improving cost competitiveness of wave and tidal stream energy in the UK.
SOLUTIOn
DnV supported critical decisions throughout the development, procurement, and testing phases.
VALUE TO CLIEnT
Provided We energies with assurance that the project was an asset to their portfolio, helped them meet their renewable Portfolio Standard goals, and provided a greater knowledge base for future wind projects.
DnV
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS nO-1322 Hvik, norway i Tel: +47 67 57 99 00 i Fax: +47 67 57 99 11 www.dnv.com
THIS IS DNV DnV is a global provider of services for managing risk, helping customers to safely and responsibly improve their business performance. Our core competence is to identify, assess, and advise on risk management. DnV is an independent foundation with presence in more than 100 countries.
Det norske Veritas AS 3-2011. Design: Coor Service Management/graphic Services 1103-014. Front cover: DnV/Betsie McLain