UTTARANCHAL DECENTRALIZED WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (GRAMYA)

MEDICINAL & AROMATIC PLANTS CULTIVATION: Strategy

WATERSHED MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE

AUGUST, 2007

Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

CONTENTS

Sl. Subject 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction State Government initiatives Potential in the Gramya Project Area Objective of Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Cultivation Opportunities Requirements for converting medicinal plants resource potential into business opportunity Area of Project concern Strategy and approach Monitoring and evaluation

Page No. 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 18 24 28 30

10. Some potential medicinal plants of 700-2000m altitude zone I. Crop Species

II. Plant Species III. Culinary herb species 11. A Brief Marketing Plan Appendix A : Address List of Some Potential Medicinal Plants Buyers and Seed Distributors

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MEDICINAL & AROMATIC PLANTS CULTIVATION A COMPONENT OF AGRIBUSINESS

1. INTRODUCTION : A large number of people (nearly two billion) people around the world depend on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for food, shelter, medicine, fuel, and cash income. Several aromatic plants are popular for domestic and commercial uses. Collectively they are called medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). About 12.5% of the 422 000 plant species documented worldwide are reported to have medicinal values; but only a few hundred are known to be in cultivation. Despite their importance for sustaining rural livelihoods, poverty alleviation, biodiversity conservation, and facilitating rural economic growth, instead, this sub-sector remain largely neglected by national and local government development strategies. Non-timber forest products have not received the sustained and systematic support given to conventional agriculture and forestry. Where markets for NTFPs do exist, informal trade has in many cases led to over-harvesting and to opaque trading structures and inefficient markets. This under-harnessed sub-sector could make a significant and ecologically sustainable contribution to rural economies and environment with a more effective regional and inter-regional institutional infrastructure to encourage systematic and sustainable resource management; develop more formal product markets; provide technical, financial, and marketing assistance to producers; and promote policies that facilitate the sustainable use and marketing, The Himalayas is potentially rich in biodiversity, both in forest and in agriculture. However, this abundant natural resource base has been eroded over the years due to severe neglect and ignorance as also lack of perceived economic value. The history of the area recognized its rich biodiversity of timber, fodder, fruits, medicinal plants and herbs, dyes and aromatic plants and a variety of nuts and flower species in the wild. In the desired condition the area further has a record in variety of cereals, millets, spices and pulses, beans and vegetables due to its vast geographical and climatic variations which place the Himalaya in a special category of resource rich areas. Basically the microclimatic variations influenced by altitude, aspect, degree of slope, soil condition, rainfall pattern etc. are mainly responsible for the rich biodiversity of the Himalayas. Ironically, this rich biodiversity has never been adequately managed, maintained nor harvested and marketed to develop livelihood opportunities for the local communities. This has created apathy among the people towards their agriculture and the other natural land resources and therefore forced people especially men to migrate to cities in the plains for earning their livelihood.

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A reversal of this situation especially in agriculture and other accessible land over which the local community have control and rights, can begin with a planned programme, which values livelihood and agro biodiversity and promotes its restoration. The agricultural biodiversity needs to be linked to local value addition and to a market which values this produce. A conscious beginning and up scaling in this regard will lead to opening of opportunities of work and income for the community. It will also help the surrounding nature to be restored and conserved as it links with the growing opportunity in natural resources for which there is a growing consumer demand. For this, a conscious effort for farmers mobilization, awareness and sensitization is required to break the mindset and accept the new product line in agriculture practices. This also requires imparting of organic cultivation techniques for both new and old crops and knowledge of preservation and processing in order to make the product premium and easily marketable. Besides creating market advantage, organic cultivation practices will also help in maintaining soil health and soil moisture, stabilize terraced fields, maintain quality of the produce, reduce risk in agriculture and ultimately lead to sustained productivity. 2. STATE GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES: The high biodiversity by different climatic zones of Uttarakhand hold immense potential for enhancing livelihoods through medical and aromatic crop cultivation. The variations in microclimate over short distance, increases the potential for agro diversity and range of the natural resource produce. Uttarakhand supports a large number of medicinal plants, which are extensively used by the pharmaceutical industry for preparation of drugs used in Indian System of Medicine. These plants are either used as single (e.g. SHATAVARI from Asparagus racemosus) or multi-herb products (e.g. CHYAWANPRASH containing amla fruit and several herbs). The degree of threat to natural populations of such medicinal plants has increased because more than 90% of medicinal plant raw material for herbal industries in India and for export is drawn from natural habitats. In this context, medicinal plants of Uttarakhand can open avenues of economic growth in the emerging world market. The State has been declared a Herbal State and State Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Board have been constructed. Herbal Research and Development Institute, Gopeshwar is a nodal agency for the Uttarakhand Medicinal Plants Board which aims to develop Uttarakhand as a Herbal State by sustainable utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants. The main goal and fields of activities of the Institute include; Survey, inventorization, conservation, Development and harvesting plan for valuable medicinal and aromatic plants. Research on bio-diversity, biotechnology and improvement of medicinal and aromatic plants.
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Revitalization of traditional knowledge and to promote Ayurvedic medicines and formulations. Quality control and research on active ingredients and substances of medicinal and aromatic plants. Human Resources development, extension and dissemination of information relating to medicinal and aromatic plants.

The State Government has taken initiative to promote medicinal and aromatic plant cultivation through envolvement of public and private sector in nursuries/planting material, establishment of herbal mandies and processing/distillation units, simplified transit rules. State Government has priorities 26 potential species of medicinal and aromatic plant for promotion of cultivation. These species are given below: S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Name Atis Kutki Kuth Jatamansi Chirayita Ban Kakri Faran Kala Jeera Pyrethrum Tagar Manjith Large Cardamom Patthar Chur Rosemary Geranium Sarpagandha Kalihari Satawar Lemon Grass Chamomile Silybum Stevia Pippali Brahmi Ammi Majus Tilpushpi Botanical Name Aconitum heterophyllum Picrorhiza kurrooa Saussurea costus Nardostachys jatamansi Swertia chirayita Podophyllum hexandrum Allium stracheyi Carum carvi/Bunium persicum Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Valeriana jatamnasi/V.officinalis Rubia cordifolia Amomum subulatum Coleus barbatus Rosmarinus officinalis Pelargonium graveolens Rauvolfia serpentina Gloriosa superba Asparagus racemosus Cymbopogon flexuosus Matricaria chamomilla Silybum marianum Stevia rebaudiana Piper longum Centella asiatica/Bacopa monnieri Ammi majus Digitalis lanata

3. POTENTIAL IN THE GRAMYA PROJECT AREA: Being part of the lower and middle Himalayas (700-2000 m altitude zone), 'Gramya' project area, which is spread over 451 Gram Panchayats in 18 development blocks of 11 mountainous districts of Uttarakhand covers a
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significant number of medicinal plants, known and unknown, mostly uncultivated, growing in its natural habitat in public and private wilderness, on risers, edges of fields, common lands, Van Panchayat forests, Civil Soyam lands etc. Due to non tradition of cultivation of medicinal, aromatic and dye plants, these were rarely tested and tried for domestication and for propagation and mainstream cultivation for marketing and livelihood promotion or as a supplementary income source of the people. The project has great potential to take up this challenge and provide opportunity to the people to its project area for a sustainable livelihood programme. The following table gives details of the potentially recommended medicinal plants and culinary herbs for promotion in the project area. More number of the species of crops, plants and herbs of different medicinal values has been provided for the final choice for selection and also maintaining biodiversity and risk of failure of any mono crop from farmers point. Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Name of Botanical Name Crops /Plant/Herbs CROP SPECIES Satavari Asparagus racemosus Chirayata Swertia chirayita Aswagandha Withania Somnifera Giloy Tinospora Cordifolia Meethi Tulsi Stevia repaudiana PLANT SPECIES Reetha Sapindus mukorossi Baheda Terminalia Bellirica Harar Terminalia chebula Amla Emblica officinalis CULINARY HERB SPECIES Thyme Thymus valgaris Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis Oregano Oreganum valgare Sweet Marjoram Origanum marjorana Mint Mentha piperita Altitude (ft.)

2500-5500 5500-7000 2500-4500 2500-5000 Upto 3000 Upto Upto Upto Upto Upto Upto Upto Upto Upto 5000 4000 4000 6000 4000 4000 4500 3000 3500

4. OBJECTIVE OF MEDICINAL & AROMATIC PLANT CULTIVATION: Promotion of crop diversification into Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation through systematic and sustainable resource management among small & marginal farmers and disadvantaged community to enhance the quality of life.

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5. OPPORTUNITIES : Rapid growth of herbal industry in South Asia (estimated annual turnover in India Rs 200 crores). Growing international demand of medicinal plants for alternative medicine, herbal cosmetics and health products. Increased awareness Growing consumer preference for ecologically and particularly organically grown products. Concern with healthy, chemical residue free plants, especially for medicinal and health products. Availability of knowledge base expertise and manpower

6. REQUIREMENTS FOR CONVERTING MEDICINAL PLANTS RESOURCE POTENTIAL INTO BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY : The State Government support is needed to promote business opportunities in this sub-sector. Simplified rules and regulation required at State Government level for facilitation. Besides this resources and process oriented work required for : Development of good quality seeds and planting material Development of standard package of organic practices for greater value. Cultivation through integration with farming systems and cropping patterns Warehousing or other storage facility Facility centers with appropriate equipment and licenses for processing for value addition Third party organic certification of produce and products developed Strategic tie ups and stable buy back arrangements

7. AREA OF PROJECT CONCERN :

Production (Cultivation/Collection) Processing (value addition for premium prices of the produce) Linkage development with concern organization/department
8. STRATEGY AND APPROACH : The programme will be a stakeholder-led initiative with a strong bottom-up issue based and priority setting strategic approach focused on capacity building, knowledge-sharing and validation in the forest/on farm, with supporting institutional arrangements that will be put into place in project locations.

Strengthened profiles of medicinal and aromatic plant and stakeholders Enhanced capacities of partners and producers
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Improved medicinal and aromatic plant frameworks: markets, policies, and livelihood opportunities Improved medicinal and aromatic plant management systems

The following approach will be taken up to promote the programme. i. Promotion of medicinal plants and culinary herbs cultivation: ii. Organization/formation of interested farmers group into medicinal plant grower group. Capacity building of interested farmer group. Provision of input support. Assistance in value addition of products. Linkage development registration with concern department / organization for certification. Major Activities to be under taken : Participatory involvement in planning and implementation. Trainings for capacity building-individual and institutional. Good cultivation practices (training). Coordination and Linkage with state agency and Herbal Research and Development Institute. Information, education and communication activities. Formation of farmer's interest group (FIG). Support for developing linkages. Documentation of good practices and success stories.

9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION : Consideration will be given to two different applications of indicators, i.e., performance and impact. The assumption is that activities of the programme will better achieve and communicate impact. Quantitative and qualitative indicators will be determined at the programme planning stage. Baseline information will be collected at the programme inception stage. Impact data collection will be a regular programme feature; impact reports will be produced on an annual basis. Information regarding some of the medicinal plants plants and culinary herb species considered for promotion and cultivation under the project is mentioned in the separately in detail, with cultivation techniques, estimated economics of their cultivation and brief marketing plan. The addresses of the potential seed suppliers and buyers of the produces are attached as Appendix-A.

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10. SOME POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANTS OF 700-2000M ALTITUDE ZONE

I. CROP SPECIES Satavri (Asparagus recemosus) It belongs to the family Liliaceae and its related species are Asparagus adscendens, and Asparagus filicinus these are commonly found in the sub temterate and temperate regions in the Himalayan States. The other common species of Satavari in use are Asparagus.officinalis, Asparagus.gonoclaudus and Asparagus sarmentous etc. Part of Use : Root Uses:

Adaptogenic herb Minimizes the negative effects of stress. Supports immune system health and sexual functions. Helps soothe PMS, menstrual, and menopausal imbalances. Rich source of phyto-estrogens Promotes healthy liver and kidney functions.

Feminine Harmony : In India, Shatavri has been used for thousands of years as a rejuvenating tonic for the female system.
Common Name: SHATAVARI Botanical Name: Asparagus racemosus Part Used: Tuberous roots

From daughters, to mothers, to grandmothers Shatavri balances a woman during her cycles through life; supporting soothing, restorative relief from PMS, menstrual, and menopausal imbalances, while helping to gently tone and strengthen her reproductive system.

Asparagus racemosus popularly know as Shatavri is an indigenous plant commonly used in Sidda and Homeopathic medicines. Shatavri roots are used mainly as lactogogue which promotes secretion of breast milk. It is useful in improving the lost body weight and is also considered as an aphrodisiac.
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The root is useful in curing dysentery, diabetes and tuberculosis. In general it helps to maintain the health by providing immunity to diseases. The demand for Shatavri roots are on increase and destructive nature of harvesting the entire whole plant has resulted in shrinking of population. It is estimated that in India, more than 500 tonnes of Shatavri roots are required every year for medicinal preparations. But it is doubtful that such a huge quantity could be available under natural conditions. The supply is rather erratic and inadequate due to the declining forest area. The species hold promising scope for cultivation on a commercial scale under selected environment

Climate and soil :

The species grows under varied agro climatic conditions ranging from temperate to tropical hill ranges. The best altitude for Satavari cultivation is found 750 to 2000 feet above see level. Shatavri is a thorny climber which grows to the height of 180 cm. The plants are hardy vines found trailing on bushes along the dry hill slopes. It is an ideal crop for raising as an intercrop plantations. The crop grows better in loamy soils with adequate drainage. The plants of Satavari are hardy and survive adverse conditions of drought and low temperatures like frost bite and hails. Satavari suits rainfed agriculture practice. Being a shallow rooted crop it can also be grown in rocky soils where soil depth is low. Shatavari is therefore the most recommended crop for the hill farmers of Uttarakhand.

Propagation:

It is propagated by root suckers or seeds. For commercial planting, root suckers are preferred

Land preparation, manuring and planting :

The land is prepared well by digging up to 15 cm depth. Application of high level organic manure is generally recommended for this crop. About 2-3 qntls of FYM(Farm Yard Manure) is recommended to incorporated one nali area for better output. To maintain line to line distance the ridges are prepared 60 cm apart for Satavari plantation. Well developed root suckers should be prepared and planted at 60 cm distance from plant to plant. An average 500 plants are required for planting one nail land.

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Intercultural :

Shatavri, being a climber, requires support for its growth for this 1.2-1.5 meters long stakes are used to support the growth of vines. Besides stacking, it requires 2-3 manual weeding in the initial stages of the growth.

Harvesting :

The plants flower during February- March leaving a mild frangnance in its surrounding. By the end of April, fruits can be seen with attractive red berries. Each plant produces 16-20 elongated fleshy tubers which have sweet and mild flavor. The tubes are economic part and used either as fresh or after drying. The tubes come to maturity within 12-14 months after planting depending upon the soil and climatic conditions.

Yield and economics :

A single plant yields 300-400 gms of fresh roots. On an average, 48 -56 qnts of fresh roots can be harvested in one acre land. After drying Satavari remains one tenth; therefore the roots yield an average is 4.8-5.6 q/acre as dry crop. Well matured and dried Shatavri roots can be marketed @ Rs.35-40 /kg. The gross income per acre land ranges between Rs18200/- minimum.

Chirata (Swertia Chirayita) Chirata is an annual herb of 30-80 cm. height. Its flowers are light yellowish purple colour. It is naturally found in temperate climatic areas of the Himalayan. It bears flowers and fruits between July to September. Part used: Whole plant Uses : Chiretta is a traditional Ayurvedic herb. A strongly bitter tonic it is an excellent remedy for a weak stomach. It also protect and strengthen weak liver. This plant is widely used as a restorative tonic of the digestive system. It also has properties to control malaria and tuberculosis and protect liver against carbon tetrachloride poisoning. The whole plant is an extremely bitter digestive tonic works excellently in controlling fevers of any kind. The herb has a beneficial effect on liver, promoting the flow of biles, it cures
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constipation and is useful for treating dyspepsia. It is also useful in antipyretic, anti-asthematic and anti-diarrhea action.

Cultivation: Soil and Climate : Chirayata can be grown in any variety of soils. It can be grown successfully in sub-temperate regions in an altitude ranging between 1500 to 2100 m. Nursery Raising and Planting: Nursery beds should be prepared in selected areas by the end of May and seeds should be sown during May-June. After 3 to 4 months, seedlings should be transplanted in the desired fields in rows at a distance of 45-60 cm. The distance between two rows should also be maintained about 60 cm. Weeding and Hoeing : For good growth of the plants periodical weeding and hoeing is required both in the nursery and the fields. Manures and Biological pest controllers : The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of pesticides. Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost manure, Green Manure etc. should be used as per requirement. To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides prepared in cow urines should be used. Irrigation : Though Chirayata plant grow very well in nature in rainwater but it needs watering when required. The nursery beds and fields after plantation should be irrigated as and when required. If required, Chirayata plants should be irrigated till flowering period. Harvesting/post-harvesting : The Crop is usually ready for harvesting after 6-8 months. The plant should be harvested when the seed is setting. The whole plant should be harvested and dried in shade for marketing if wants to sell as raw. Economics : The yield of Chirayta has been found 4 to 5 qnts/acre. In dry condition Chirayta yield is noted near to 1- 1.5 qnts/acre. The rate for a kg of chiraita whole plant ranges from Rs. 300-350 in the market depends on the quality. The gross income from Chirayta per acre has been calculated around Rs. 30,000 to 45,000 yearly. The net return from the crop is very high in comparison to other medicinal plants.

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Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) An erect branched under shrub up to 1.25 m in height, minutely stellate tomentose. Root fleshty, tapering, whitish brown in colour. Leaves ovate, flower greenish. It grows in dried parts in subtropical regions. Part used: Root, leaf and seed. Use : It is used as aphrodisiac, remunerative tonic, Diuretic, Hypnotic, Sedative, Restorative, useful in rheumatism, cough debility from old age, dropsy and general weakness. Cultivation: Soil and Climate : Ashwagandha grows well in sandy loam soil, in slightly alkaline soil with good drainage condition. It grows better in 600-1200 m altitude. The semi-tropical areas receiving low rainfall are suitable for cultivation of this crop. The crop requires dry season during its growing period. Temperature between 200C to 350C is most suitable for cultivation. Late winter rains are conducive for the proper development of the plant roots. Land Preparation : Ashwagandha is usually grown in fields which are not well covered by the irrigation systems. The field on which food crops cannot be grown profitably because of low rainfall can be used for Ashwangandha cultivation. The soil of the field selected for Ashwagandha cultivation is well pulverized by ploughing. The field should be levelled and pressed by using heavy wooden plank. Nursery Raising and Planting : The crop can be sown either by broad casting or in lines. Line to line method should be preferred increased root production and also helps in performing intercultural practices in required by farmers. The seeds are usually sown about 1-3 cm deep during June- July in nursery. A light shower after sowing ensures good germination. About 10-15 gm seeds are sufficient for one nali field. The seedling of 25-35 days old can be transplanted in the fields marinating 60 x 60 cm. spacing between the plants & the rows. As Ashwagnadha is a rainy season Kharif crop, the time of its sowing should be decided by date of arrival of monsoon in area of cultivation. Thinning and Weeding : The seeds sown by broadcasting or in the line should be thinned out by hand at 25-30 days after sowing to maintain a plant density of about 30-60 plants per square meter (about 7000 to 14000 plants/nali). The plant density to be used may depend on the nature and fertility of the soil. On the marginal land the plant population should be kept
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high. One weeding at an early stage is sufficient to enable the Ashwagandha plants to take over the growth. Manures, Fertilizers and Biological Pest Controllers : The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of pesticides. Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost, Green Manure etc. may be used as per requirement of the species. To prevent diseases and pest attacks bio-pesticides should be prepared (either single or mixture) from the locally available toxic plants treated in cow urine for 15 to 20 days and applied to the affected plants/crops. Irrigation : Light shower after transplantation ensures establishment of seedlings. There is no need of irrigation if rainfall is at regular intervals. Excessive rainfall/water is harmful to the crop. Only life saving irrigations may be applied, if required to Ashwagandha. This is to be noticed that Ashwagandha is a dry land crop and do not need much water. Harvesting and post harvesting : The plants start flowering and bearing fruits from December onwards. The crop is ready for harvest in JanuaryMarch at 150 to 180 days after sowing. The maturity of crop is judged by drying out of leaves and yellow red berries in the plant standing in the field. The entire plant is uprooted for roots which are separated from aerial parts by cutting the stem 1-2 cm above the crown. The roots are then either cut transversely into small pieces (7 to 10 cm) or dried as it is, in the sun. About 350 kg fresh roots can be obtained from one acre of land. On drying, it comes to 180 kg. Berries should be hand plucked separately. They are dried and crushed to take out the seeds. The dried roots, entire or transversely cut into smaller pieces, have to be further cleaned, trimmed and graded. The roots are beaten with a club which removes adhering soil and breaks off the thin, brittle lateral rootlets. Lateral branches, root crown and stem remains on roots are carefully trimmed with the help of knife. Yield : On an average yield from one acre land under commercial cultivation is approx 180 kg of dried roots and 20-30 kg seeds. The gross income from Ashwagandha comes around Rs 9000-10,000/- and the net profit can be seen as Rs 7000 to 8000/- per acre.

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Giloi (Tinaspora cordololia)

Part of Use : Stem Uses : It is used a Laxative, Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Soil and Climate: It grows well in almost any type of soils under varying climatic conditions. Nursery Raising and Planting: The plant is cultivated by stem cutting in the month of May-June. It requires some support of trees in the nature as it is a creeper or riser. Weeding and Hoeing: Periodical hoeing should be done, both in the nursery and field as per requirement. Manures, Fertilizers and Pesticides: The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of pesticides. Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost, Green Manure etc. may be used as per requirement of the species. To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides should be used. Irrigation: The field after plantation should be irrigated periodically as and when required at weekly or fortnightly intervals. Harvesting/post harvesting operation: Mature plants should be collected, cut into small pieces and dried in shade.
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Yield: Approximately yield of Giloi is 15-20 q./acre. Dry Giloi weigh 8 to 10 q/acre. Gloi has a market value of Rs 20 to 25/ a kg depends on the quality of the produce. The gross income from Giloi per acre is calculated nearly Rs 18,000-20,000/- yearly Stevia Rebaudiana Parts Used: Leaves Uses : Stevia is safe for diabetics, as it does not affect blood sugar levels. Stevia does not have the neurological or renal side effects of some of the artificial sweeteners. Mild Stevia leaf tea offers excellent relief for an upset stomach.

Stevia possess anti-fungal and anti-bacterial property also in addition to its other versatile uses. It can be safely used in herbal medicines, tonics for diabetic patients and also in the daily usage products like mouthwashes, and tooth pastes.

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bertoni) is a perennial herbaceous plant and is part of the Asteraceae family.The history of the culture of Stevia mainly stems from Paraguay and Brazil. Originally Stevia only grew in the northern regions of South America but its cultivation has become popular worldwide.The plant has been known for centuries by the native Guaranay-Indians for the sweet taste of its leaves. They use it, amongst other things, to make herbal tea. Stevia is often referred to as the "sweetest plant of the world". Its leaves are about 5 cm long and 2 cm wide and are planted crosswise, facing each other. In the wild, the height of the plant varies from 40 to 80 cm but when cultivated, the Stevia can become 1 metre high. Stevia can be grown on relatively poor soil. The plants can be used for commercial production for 6 years, during which five times a year a harvest takes place of the part of the plant that is above the ground. The roots remain in place and so the plant regenerates again. Plants, which are 1 meter high, have a dry weight of 70 g on average. The dry weight of the leaves can vary from 15 to 35 g per plant. Main advantages of Stevia: It is a completely natural non-synthetic product; It contains absolutely no calories. The leaves can be used in their natural state. As it has enormous sweetening power, only small quantities need to be used;
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The plant is non-toxic and has no side effects. The leaves as well as the pure stevioside extract can be cooked. It has no aftertaste or any kind of bitterness. Stable when heated up to 200 degrees; Non fermentative effect. It can be used as flavour enhancer. Ideal, non-addictive sweetener for children.

Climate : It is a subtropical plant and can grow in the temperature range of 11-14OC. An annual temperature of 31OC with rainfall of 140 cm per year has been found optimum for its good growth. The stevia shows higher leaves production under minimal frost, high light intensities and warm temperature. In the hills stevia cultivation is recommended between 2000-3500 ft. altitude where the above climate condition prevails. Land Preparation : The land sites are plowed and or cultivated twice to prepare a fairly smooth, firm-planting surface. Transplants : Transplants from cuttings would be superior, however cost makes it prohibitive. Stevia must be propagated from seed in plug trays placed in a greenhouse for a period of 7 to 8 weeks. Planting : Depending on different climatic conditions Stevia is cultivable throughout the year except for times when it is extremely hot or cold. Stevia plug plants are planted into the field on either 61 cm row spacing with a total plant density in the order of 30000 plants per acre. Fertilization : The plant appears to have low nutrient requirements, however a soil test should be conducted. Irrigation : Normally, the Stevia plant requires frequent, shallow irrigation. Generally, one applies irrigation if the stem tips are drooping at least one time per week. Weed Control : This crop also requires hand hoeing and weeding. Pests : Insect pest pressures other than cutworm are minimal. Septoria disease can cause considerable damage to the Stevia crop. Animals seem to like the sweet taste of Stevia, too. Harvesting : Time of harvesting depends on land variety and growing season. Generally it can be scheduled when plants are 40-60 centimeters in height. Shorter days induce flowering. Optimum yield (biomass) and stevioside quality and quantity is best just prior to flowering. The plant will tolerate very low temperatures. Drying : Drying of the woody stems plus the soft green leaf material is completed immediately after harvesting utilizing a drying wagon or a kiln.
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Depending on weather conditions and density of loading, it generally takes 24 to 48 hours to dry Stevia at 40C to 50C. An estimated 8600 kg/Acre of green weight is dried down to 2400 kg/acre of dry weight. Threshing : Immediately following drying, a specially designed thresher/separator is necessary to separate dry Stevia leaves from its stem. Stem and leaf portions tend to be equally represented at 3,000 kg/ha each.

Economics of Steavia Cultivation Provisional Cost to Cultivate Stevia in One Acre of Land Green manuring Compost - 5 Trolleys @ Rs. 500 each Vermicompost 1000 kgs @ Rs. 3.5 per kg Land Preparation + Bed Raising Drip Irrigation Planting material 30,000 plants @ Rs. 4.00 Sowing Weeding Irrigation & Supervision Total Cultivation Cost Harvesting & Drying and threshing Packing, Transportation & Miscellaneous Total Cost Total Output 2400 Kg. of Dry Leaves @ Rs. 90.00 per Kg. Net Profit First Year (in Rs.) 2,000.00 2,500.00 3,500.00 3,000.00 30,000.00 1,20,000.00 2,000.00 3,000.00 2,500.00 1,68,000.00 5,000.00 11,500.00 1,85,000.00 Second Year (in Rs.) -------3,000.00 2,500.00 5,500.00 5,000.00 11,500.00 22,000.00

2,16,000.00 2,16,000.00 31,000.00 1,94,000.00

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II. PLANT SPECIES Reetha (Sapindus mukorossi) Part Used : Soapnuts, Uses :

Soap nut is used in Cleansing Lotion, Protein Shampoo, Protein Shampoo with Conditioner. Soap nut Powder is used to cleanse hair, skin and laundry. Helpful in removing stains from hands. May soothe the eczema, psoriasis, itchy skin, sensitive skin . Soap nut contains antibacterial mild foaming agent, cleanser and exfoliant. Soap nut is an excellent hair tonic. The pulp of the nut has high level of natural foaming agents.. Soap nut when added to a facial mix of milk powder and clay to provide delicate cleansing of the skin, it is added to salt scrubs to add cleansing action.

Description: Medium sized deciduous tree upto 20m in height It grows very well upto a height of 5000ft in sub tropical climate. This is a dry land crop and could stand in draught situation well. Ritha can be propagated easily through seeds by preparing nursery. The transplantation of this plant is practiced with the commencement of monsoon. The crop does not need much care. It starts giving fruits from 7-8 years and continuously gives fruits for 50 and more years. With the growing demand of natural and organic produce Reetha is now a days in big demand especially for shampoos and other skin care products. A matured tree gives around 0.5-1 qnts of fruit yearly. For a long term plan Reetha is one of the most promising plant for small farmers. This crop can be cultivated in left out land barren lands in the hills for subsidiary income of the farmer.

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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Bahera (Terminalia bellirica) and Harad (Terminalia Chebula) Part of Use : Fruit Uses Bahera: It is useful in Acsites, Asthama, Bleeding and Ulceration of Gum, Blood Pressure, Burns, cooling wash of eye, Cough, Dysentery, Diarrhea and worm. Uses Harar :
Bahera (Terminalia bellirica)

It is Astringent, Purgative, Stomachic and Laxative. It is useful in asthma, piles and cough. It is also useful in healing of wounds and scalds. It is used as gargle against inflammation of mucous membrane of mouth. It is used in Tanning purification of petroleum of leather and

It is widely used in natural dyes.

Harad (Terminalia Chebula)

Harar and Bahera belongs to the same family. Their habitat nature of growth and cultivation techniques are more or less same and therefore they have been covered a cultivation as follows : Cultivation details : The tree is a light demander. It can however, withstand slight shade at young age. Young seedlings are known to tolerate heavy shade during the first and second year but heavy shade afterwards kills them. Quite sensitive to frost. Soil type : Capable of growing on various types of soils, provided the moisture supply is adequate. Best growth is attained on deep sandy loam soils with good drainage. Sometimes clay loam soil is also suitable for bahada cultivation. Natural regeneration : Trees regenerate through seeds and coppice. The tree is a fairly good coppicer, cuttings produced in May- June coppice well. Good seed crops, high germinative capacity of the healthy seeds and the ability of the seedlings to thrive under shade for the first one-year or two are favourable factors for natural regeneration.
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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Direct sowing/ transplanting: The plant can be raised in the field by direct sowing or by transplanting one-year-old nursery raised seedlings. Sowing is done in June- July with the commencement of monsoon rains. The seed is soaked in water for 24 hours to soften the seed coat. Sowing is done in lines about 5-8m apart. The soil along the lines to be sown is worked well. The seeds are covered lightly. Planting technique : Plantation is done in June- July when the plants are about 3-4 months old. Appropriate spacing adopted is 3m X 3m. Nursery technique : Sowing in irrigated nurseries is done in the month of March or April. The seed from the current years collection should preferably be used. Lines are spaced about 20 cm and the seed is sown about 5cm. Apart. Germination percentage can be expected of 50-90. Harvesting techniques : Collection : The best time for collection of fruits for the optimum content is the month of January after which the inferior quality of tannin is obtained. Collection done too early also show the similar quality of tannin content. Harvesting time : Harvesting is done after 7-8 years of growth. From mid December to mid January is the best time for harvesting (collection). Processing and storage : The fruits are depulped and dried before storing. After deseeding 2 days sun drying is necessary in a dry and ventilated place. In this condition it can be stored for one year. Deseeded Bahada has to be disposed within one year from the processing day otherwise it will lose its valuable properties. Bahada should be packed in dry and clean gunny bags under store in dry place. Under no circumstances it should be kept at wet place otherwise it will be infected by fungus and discolored. Grading : The raw fruits can be graded for better prices. Selection can be raised upon their solidness, color and freedom from insect attack. Grading generally consist of separating hallow, infected, damaged nuts from the good quality nuts. Amla (Emblica officinalis) Introduction : Emblica officinalis G, commonly known as Amla, the Indian Gooseberry or Nelli belongs to Euphorbiaceae family. It is an ancient fruit of Indian origin, which is associated with our tradition, culture and medicine as it is used as an ingredient in more than 175 formulations in ayurvedic medicine system.
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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Fruits are commonly used for preserves (murabbas), pickles, candy, jelly, jam etc. The fruits are also used in the treatment of hemorrhages, diarrhoea, dysentery, anemia, jaundice, dyspepsia and cough. It is also used for the preparation of various health care and personal care products like Chavanprash, hair oil, dye, shampoo, face cream, tooth powder etc. Amla is a hardy plant and can be grown successfully from sandy loan to clay soils. It has great tolerance to salinity and alkalinity of soil. Amla is a deciduous fruit tree where flower and fruit setting take place in spring in February and soon after the fruits enter dormancy without any growth throughout the summer till monsoon. Therefore, plants do not require irrigation during summer when most crops would require it. With the onset of monsoon, the fruit starts growing and becomes ready for harvest by December. This is an ideal crop for arid conditions. Uses :

Richest Natural Source of Vitamin C Enhances production of Red Blood Cells. Strengthens teeth, hair and nails. Cleanses and revitalizes the entire system Regulates Blood Sugar and prevents lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. Increases immunity in the body. Protects against heart and nervous disorders. Helps to regulate blood sugar Supports against environmental and stress-related free radicals Very Powerful anti-inflammatory herb. Useful in hemorrhoids, gastritis and colitis. Useful in eye problems especially in inflammations. Improves nearsightedness. Also useful for cataracts. Improves Eyesight. Increases red blood cell count Prevents premature greying of hair and makes them strong and free from dandruff. Amla cleanses the mouth, strengthens the teeth.

Climate : Amla is a sub tropical plant and thrives well in warm climate having annual rainfall of more than 600 mm with distinct winter and summer. In India it can be grown from sea level to high altitudes up to 1800 metres above MSL (Mean Sea Level). Warm and humid climate is conducive for initiation of floral buds and fruit setting. A mature tree can tolerate a wide range of temperature, up to about 45 0 C. However, Heavy frost during winter is not conducive particularly for young plantations. Soil : Amla is a hardy plant and can be grown successfully from sandy loan to clay soils. It has great tolerance to salinity and alkalinity. Amla is highly tolerant to drought conditions also. However, deep fertile sandy loan soil with a pH range of 6 to 8 is ideal for Amla cultivation. The tree is well adapted to dry seasons and can also be cultivated even in marginal soils from slightly acidic to saline. Heavy soils or water logged soils are not suitable for its cultivation.
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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Cultivation : Amla is generally propagated by shield budding. Budding is done in one year old seedlings with buds collected from desirable varieties. For planting the budded plants, pits of size 1 cubic metre are dug during May at a distance of 7m x 7m and left opened for 15 to 20 days to expose to sunlight. Pits are filled with soil mixed with 15 Kg FYM and 0.5 Kg phosphorous before planting. The budded plants are planted during the months of June to July. Young plants require watering during summer months at 7 days interval till they are fully established. Watering of bearing plants is advised during summer months at bi-weekly intervals. After the monsoon, during October to December about 25 -30 litres of water per day per tree shall be given through drip irrigation. Amla trees do not require regular pruning. However, pruning in early years for giving proper shape, height and development of strong frame is necessary. The trees should be trained to a single stem up to the height of about 1 m and then primary branches can be allowed at regular space all round the trunk. During summer, the crop should be mulched with paddy straw or wheat straw at the base of the tree. Intercrops like green gram, black gram, cow pea and horse gram can be grown up to 4 years. Since the fruit remains dormant in summer, the soil should not be disturbed during that period. However, legumes and green manure crops can be grown during rainy season.. Amla trees are hardy and stand very well against drought. However, the crop will be benefited by giving 2-3 irrigations at the time of full bloom and fruit set. Harvesting : A vegetative propagated tree starts commercial yield after 4 to 5 years of planting. Generally, Amla fruits are ready for harvest during February when they become dull greenish yellow from light green. The maturity of fruits can also be judged by the change of seed colour from creamy white to black. The mature fruits are hard and they do not fall at gentle touch, therefore vigorous shaking is required for harvesting. Fruits can also be harvested by using bamboo poles attached with hooks. On an average a fully grown up tree shall yield 80 to 100 kg fruits per annum. The average weight of the fruit is 40-60 g and 1 Kg contains about 20 - 25 fruits. The economic life of Amla is considered to be about 60 years under good management. Economics : The cost of raising an Amla orchard varies from place to place. The unit cost over the years estimated for this model scheme is Rs.35000/per acre which is capitalized up to the fourth year. The break-up details are given below.

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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Economics of Amla orchard of One Acre Cost of Cultivation (Amount in Rs.) Particulars Land Preparation Digging Pits @ Rs.2/- per Pit (100 Pits of 2.5 x 2.5' x 2.5' / Acre ) Planting Material @ 100 Plants /Acre (@ Rs.30/- per Plant), 15% extra for Mortality and Gap Filling Planting & Staking @ Rs.5/- per Plant Fencing & production Manures & Fertilizers Irrigation Plant after care Measures Miscellaneous Expenses Total Total Cost 3500 3500 500 10000 10000 3500 2500 1500 35000

Projected Income (Amount in Rs.) Particulars 5 Yield / Acre in Kg Gross income @ Rs. 10/- per Kg Maintenance Cost (Rs./acre) Net Income 3000 Income Over The Years 6 7 8 4200 4800 5500

9 - 25 6000 60000 8500 27500

30000 42000 48000 55000 7500 8000 8500 8500 10500 17200 20300 24500

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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

III. CULINARY HERB SPECIES Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Rosemary is an aromatic herb from the libiatae (mint) family and is a gardeners friend as it is known to be a natural insect replant. If left unchecked it can grow to over 2m (6.6ft) tall, regular picking and pruning will keep your plant more manageable. It has needle like grey\green leaves and its flowers are small and pale blue/pink in colour. There are several decorative variegated types, but none are as hardy as the ordinary green rosemary. Sowing : Rosemary can be propagated through cuttings easily. It is not advisable to grow from seeds as it is more difficult and time taking. It is a very hardy plant and stands in drought conditions also. Rosemary has more resistance power against cold than other plants.

Rosemary prefers well drained soil, in a sunny, sheltered spot. There is not much to do to keep a healthy rosemary plant. Frosts and icy winds may kill off some of the shoots but new growths once again appear from the base with favorable condition Rosemary in the kitchen : Traditionally rosemary is used to flavour meats. A few sprigs of rosemary added to the tea pot makes a delicious drink with honey with out milk. Medicinal use : Rosemary is used as a disinfectant for headaches, fever, as a mouth wash and for rheumatism. Externally it can be used in hair lotions a few drops of Rosemary oil massaged into the scalp then rinsed with an infusion of nettles can revitalize the hair. Used in this manner it supposed to prevent premature baldness. Rosemary is also stop dandruff. It also works as a remedy against gout by rubbing vigoursly on hands and feet. As a tonic it works against headaches by using some sprigs into hot water for drink. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Use: THYME IS an aromatic herb widely cultivated for its oil called thymol. Thymol has also been used in the manufacture of several traditional
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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

medicines for treating cough, colds, in the manufacture of antiseptics and skin toners. The leaves have a good fragrance and are used as an aromatic material in the preparation of tea, soup, sauce and pickle. Yield and Propagation: Thyme is a hardy plant and has cability to stand in adverse conditions. It is basically rained crop. It grows better at 2000-4000 ft height. The plants can be easily propagated by stem cuttings of 5 to 10 cm length. About 5000 cuttings are required for planting in one nail of land. Plant yield is roughly 1-1.5 qnts per nail in one year. The plant has good foliage growth and contains around 0.5 per cent oil. Before planting, the cutting should be dipped in about 10 per cent cow pat pit solution for about 20 minutes. The cuttings are then planted on raised mounds in the field at a spacing of 45 X 45 cm. Under commercial cultivation the field should be ploughed into a fine tilth and about 6 qnts of farm yard manure (FYM) per nail should be used during the perpetration of the field. Under biodynamic or organic cultivation additional in puts of neem cake, biodynamic compost, vermicompost and biofertilizers such as Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria can be used for better returns. One month after planting, farmers should spray about 3 per cent Panchagavya and Dasagavya at intervals of about 30 days. Vermiwash is sprayed at the rate of 10 per cent five times at intervals of 15 days for faster growth and healthy crop. Harvesting of Crop: Thyme is a perennial crop and can be maintained for about four years. The leaves can be harvested in about 180 days after planting. Harvesting is done three times in a year at an interval of three to four months. Thyme is resistant to most pests and diseases. Huge demand : At present thyme oil is being sold at Rs.3,100 to Rs.3,500 per kg. Buy back facilities are available through contract farming as there is huge demand for this organically cultivated herb from European countries. Thyme Varieties : There are many varieties of thyme. Some are given here. Archers Gold thyme - Thymus x Citriodorus - Everygreen hardy perennial. grows to about 10cm (4 inches). Green/gold leaves and a useful mild culinary thyme. Annie Hall Thyme - Thymus Serpyllum -. An evergreen Hardy Annual, pale pink flowers a decorative and aromatic variety of thyme.

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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Lemon Curd Thyme - Thymus serpyllum 'Lemon Curd' - Evergreen hardy perennial a creeping plant. Can be used in cooking. Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Description: This perennial herb forms a low creeping mound. The soft, lime green leaves are highly aromatic and the plant can also be used to good effect in the ornamental garden where it makes an attractive ground cover. It bears small white flowers but these are unremarkable. Origin: The Mediterranean Cultivation: Oregano is a wild form of marjoram and grows naturally in poor soils. It can be grown from seed planted in spring. Sow seed in punnets and transplant later. Oregano likes a lightly textured soil in a bright, open, sunny location. Its quite drought tolerant and survives hot summer weather very well. Cut back in late winter to promote a fresh flush of spring foliage. The rooted stems are easily separated from the main plant and planted elsewhere. It is rarely attacked by pests. Uses: The herb can be used in Mediterranean foods such as pizzas, lasagne, pesto and pasta. It is also excellent in salsa, eggplant dishes, vegetable strudel and herb breads. It is very vigorous so regular harvesting simply results in an even bushier and more compact plant. Marjoram (Origanum majorana)

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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Description: This perennial herb has an erect habit and grows to around 50cm tall. The small rounded leaves are soft and highly aromatic. It bears small white flowers in tight clusters in summer Cultivation: Marjoram grows naturally in poor soils. Too much water and fertilizer will make the plants sappy and lacking in flavour. Marjoram can be grown from seed planted in spring. Sow seed in nursery and transplant later. New plants can also easily be propagated from cuttings taken in late spring. Marjoram likes a lightly textured soil in a bright, open, sunny location. Its quite drought tolerant and survives hot summer weather very well. Cut back in late winter to promote a fresh flush of spring foliage. Uses: Marjoram is a favorite seasoning in a range of meat, vegetable and egg dishes. It is commonly used to season stuffing and herb breads. Is also makes a refreshing tea. An infusion of marjoram is often used for hair rinse. Mint (Mentha spp) Description: There are many species of mint. They are typically characterised by a creeping habit and highly aromatic fresh-tasting foliage. Popular species include Spearmint (Menta spicata or M. crispa); Peppermint (M. piperita officinalis), Pennyroyal (M. pulegium); Applemint (M. sauveolens), Eau-de-Cologne Mint (M. piperata citrata; Basil Mint (M. x spicata), but there are many others. There is also a native Australian mint M. australis..

Cultivation: Mint generally likes semi-shaded positions where the soil is moist but not waterlogged. It can become invasive as it spreads aggressively via underground stems. Propagation can be achieved by division or by cuttings struck in spring. Seed can also be sown in spring. Uses: Spearmint is a popular flavouring for sauces and dressings and mint jelly is a traditional accompaniment to lamb. Peas and potato dishes are often flavoured with mint. Spearmint also gives a lift to punch and mint tea is said to aid digestion. Applemint is a pleasant addition to fruit salads and desserts. Pennyroyal is not generally used for cooking but it makes a good lawn substitute in low-traffic areas and is said to repel fleas. Eau-de-Cologne has a delightfully fresh aroma & is used in pot pourri and cosmetics.

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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Estimated Economics of cultivation of Culinary Herbs Name of Herbs Altitude ft. Cost of Gross Net income cultivation/ income/acre/ expected/ acre/ year acre/year/Rs. year 32,000 75,000 43,000 32,000 75,000 32,000 32,000 49,000 17,000 32,000 47,000 15,000 20,000 22,400 2,400

Thyme Rosemary Oregano Marjoram Mint

2000-4000 2000-4000 Upto 4500 Upto 3000 Upto 2500

Estimated Economics for Dried Culinary Herbs Name of Herbs Yield Dried per kg 2200 1000 700 1000 1000 Expected Prince/Kg. (Rs) 60 60 70 100 60 Expected Rs. Income/acre/year 60,000 1,32.000 49000 1,00,000 60000

Thyme Rosemary Oregano Marjoram Mint

11. A BRIEF MARKETING PLAN Emerging Economic Benefits: Increasing interest by multinational pharmaceutical companies and domestic manufacturers of herbal-based medicines is contributing significant economic growth of the global medicinal plants sector. Conservative estimates put the monetary value of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant (MAP)-related global trade at over 60 billion USD (Govt. of India, 2000; Nagpal & Karki, 2004). With increasing popular demand for medicinal plants, both in South Asia and internationally, this trade is expected to grow to 5 trillion by the year 2050 (FRLHT, 1996). Besides health benefits, MAPs also provide crucial livelihood options for millions of rural people in South Asia, particularly women, tribal peoples, and the very poor. India is the centre of South Asia's export trade in medicinal plants, and in this country alone, it is estimated that the collection and processing of medicinal plants contributes to at least 35 million workdays of employment a year. In the United States, the market for medicinal herbs is worth more than
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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

$3 billion. Many of the plants supplying this industry are wild collected in vast quantities because techniques to cultivate them on a commercial scale have not been developed. Consider the implications of such popularity for these plants. More than 60 million consumers in the U.S. take herbal remedies. More doctors are recommending herbal medicines and, some health insurance plans offer coverage for alternative health treatments such as herbal remedies. In the three Himalayan countries of Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh, several thousand tones of MAPs are extracted from forests providing earnings that run into millions of dollars each year. India has traditionally been a major exporter of several agro commodities & is a world leader in some of these products. In terms of processed foods also there is a growing interest from overseas to set up production bases in India. Against this backdrop it is observed that India has a good opportunity for increasing its share in the World organic product market. The constraint so far has been on the supply side. Currently the land under Organic cultivation has been fragmented & most of the times there is insufficient post harvest management facilities. On the market side we have not been able to make major inroads due to the absence of a clear marketing strategy. Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand is Indias golden state in terms of Organic agriculture. It was one of the first states to have an Organic farming roadmap. One of the major advantages of Uttarakhand is its bio-diversity and its enterprising populace. Uttarakhand is uniquely positioned to provide a whole gamut of Organic foods. The state has good infrastructures and is well linked to major seaports & airports. However in order to exploit the full potential a clear road map is required from the stage of promoting Organic cultivation to the stage of selling Organic produce. The strategy : Development of a clear roadmap for Medicinal and Aromatic Plant cultivation and processing ; 1. Formation of producers group/ FIGs and market linkages with District Support Agencies (DSA). 2. Coordination with concerned organization for registration/certification.

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Appendix-A.

Address List of Some Potential Medicinal Plants Buyers and Seed Distributors

Sl. Name and Address No. 1 M/s. AayurMed Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 31, New Silver Home 15, New Kantwadi Road, Bandra (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 050. 2 M/s. Deetasha International 244, Sector-28, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat - 328 028. 3. M/s. Floral Seed Company 3/3, Vasant Vihar Enclave, P. O. New Forest, Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248 006. 4. M/s. J. G. & Company Hirejantakal Gangavathi, Koppal, Karnataka - 583 227. 5. M/s. B G Herbals Villege Patoli Near Nehru Park, Shajapur, Madhya Pradesh, 6. M/s. Reema Medicinal Herbs 280/87, 3rd 'A' Main Begur Road, 14th Block , Bommanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560 068. M/s. Star Impex 348, Gandhi Road, Anupperpalayam Post, Tirupur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 001. M/s. Bio Fertz 50/16, 'sreyas', T. R. S. Colony Olavakkode, P. O., Palakkad, Kerala - 678 002. M/s. Reddis N.P. International 4-164 Malkajgiri, Hyderabad,

Telephone/Fax/Email Tel : +91 (22) 26421551 Website : www.aayurherb.com

Phone: +91 (79) 23210550/65727071 Fax: +91 (79) 3210672 Website: www.indiamart.com Phone: +91 (135) 2761257 Fax: +91 (135) 2761304 Website: www.seedscompany.com Phone: +(91)-(8533)-230270 Website: www.indiamart.com Phone: +(91) 9893092181/9425900037

Phone: +91 (80) 26558375 Fax: +91 (80) 26558375 Website: www.indiamart.com

7.

Phone: +91-9843161855 Website: www.indiamart.com

8.

Phone: +91 (491) 31655367 Website: www.indiamart.com

9.

Phone: +91 (40) 27240163/27240167 Fax: +91 (40) 27242042

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10.

11.

12.

13.

Andhra Pradesh - 500 047. M/s. Natural Herbs and Herbal Products 1, Deen Dayal Radhey Shyam, Mangal Padav, Haldwani, Uttarakhand 263139. M/s. Amines Biotech Private Limited 29/B, Uday Park Society, Behind Adani Superstores, Jetalpur Road, Vadodara, Gujrat - 390 002. M/s. Indian Drugs and Botanical Herbs Co. 103, Ram Nagar, Krishan Nagar Post Box No. 9416, Delhi-110051. M/s. Gautam Global Ltd. 34 Old Cannought Place, Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248 001. M/s. International Traders 7 Gopinath Building, Gali Batashan, Khari Baoli, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 006. M/s. Mother Herbs (P) Ltd C-39, II & IV Floor, 13 Street, Madhu Vihar, Patpadganj, Delhi - 110 092. M/s. Green Earth Products Address: W-105, Khuranas, Greater Kailash Part I, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 048. M.s INTERNATIONAL TRADERS Mr. Shobit Aggarwal (Partner) 7, Gopinath building, Gali batashan, Khari Baoli, Delhi 110006.

Website: www.indiamart.com Phone: +91 (931) 3324338 Fax: +91 (120) 2424943 Website: www.indiamart.com

Phone: +91 (265) 2342208 Fax: +91 (265) 2337588 Website: www.indiamart.com

Phone: +91 (11) 23992345 Fax: +91 (11) 23953182 Website: www.indiamart.com Phone: + 91 (135) 2656222/3111809 Fax: +91 (135) 2651108

14.

Phone: +91 (11) 23953598 Fax: +91 (11) 23958832 Website: www.indiamart.com Phone: +91-9313324338 Fax: +91 (120) 2424943 Website: www.motherherbs.com Phone: +91 (11)29239095/9810153563 Fax: +91 (11) 41635095 Website: www.greenearthproducts.net Phone : +91-11-23953598 Mobile : +919810807430 Fax : +91-11-23958832

15.

16

17

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Medicinal & Aromatic plant cultivation: strategy

Trade Points Contact Addresses Market, Industry, Association, Cooperative Sl. 1. Name/Address Mr. Vishal Bhandari Vinner International, 39, Shahpur Jat, 2nd Floor, Kalichan Cmplx., Near Asiad Village, New Delhi100 049. Mr. Vineet Ghai, BIO-G, R-195, Greater Kailash-1, New Delhi 110048. Ms. Nidhi Gupta Organic Food India 2/1,12th Cross Kaggadaspura C.V. Raman Nagar, Bangalore 560 093. Dr. Anita Mishra, Nature & Nature C/o Director, Biosourcing.com Pvt. Ltd, A-41, Ashoknagar, Janpath, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751009 Mr. Sameer Allawadi, Utkarsh Natual Organics Biotech 197, Golden Plaza Behind Kamrej, Police Station, NH No. 8, Tatuka : Kamrej Distt. Surat, Gujarat. Atulya Herbs Rajiv Juyal Road, Majra, Dehradun-248 171. Pone/Fax/Email Tel : 51750344-45 E-mail : vishal@vinneronline.com

2.

Mob : 9312655501 E-mail : biog@vsnl.net

3.

Tel : 080-25247256 E-mail : nidhi_gupta@organicfoodsindia.com

4.

Tel : 91674-2535509 Mobile : 09437577324 E-mail : dr.anita@biosourcing.com

5.

Tel : 02621-255972 Mob : 09824133144

6.

Tel: +91 (135) 2620488 Fax: +91 (135) 2620488 E-mail: asian@nde.vsnl.net.in, Web site: www.rajugulati.ebigchina.com Tel: +91 (22) 28502353/28501697 Fax: +91 (22) 28502353 E-mail: dr.jain@bol.net.in Web site: www.drjainherbals.com
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7.

Mr. C.M. Jain Dr. Jains Forest Herbal Pvt. Ltd. A-10, Raj Industrial Complex, Military Road,

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8.

9.

Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai, 400 059. Garodia Sales Corporation 504, Lotus, Vasant Valley, Film City Road Malda (East), Mumbai, 400 097 IITC Organic India Private Limited 22/196, Indira Nagar, Lucknow, 226 016 Regd. Office IITC Organic India Private Limited A-306, Indira Nagar, Lucknow, 226 016 Padmawati Herbs 35 B/2, Model Town Behind Hari Mandir Barat Ghar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. Mr. V.P. Singh Silpa Agro Farms Private Limited Flat No. 204, 2nd Floor, Firdous Kaveri Court, Taranaka Road, Metuguda, Secundrabad-500017 Vaishali Export Interworld 4805/24, Bharat Ram Road, Darya Ganj, post Box 7248, New Delhi, 110 002.

Tel: +91 (22) 28425479/28415191 Fax: +91 (22) 28425479/28415191 E-mail: garodia50@powersurfer.net Tel: +91 (522) 2342842, 2351846 Fax: +91 (522) 2342842, 2351846 Tel: +91 (522) 2342884, 2352994 Fax: +91 (522) 2342884, 2352994 E-mail: info@organicindia.com

10.

Tel: +91 (581) 3259932 Fax: +91 (581) 3259932 E-mail: padmawatiherbs@rediffmail.com Tel: 27820291/08451-288319 Fax: 27820291/08451-288319 E-mail: silpaagro@onebox.com

11.

12.

Tel: +91 (11) 23289897 Fax: +91 (11) 23289897

Reference: 1. Shri Bharat Bisht, INHERE, Uttarakhand. 2. Herbal Research and Development Uttarakhand. -------------------Institute, Chamoli,

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