1

ADDITIONAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION AND

ZKPQ-50-CC QUESTIONNAIRE

A CROSS-CULTURAL SHORTENED FORM OF THE ZKPQ (ZKPQ-50-CC)

ADAPTED TO ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, AND SPANISH LANGUAGES
Anton Aluja1, Jrme Rossier2, Luis F. Garca1, Alois Angleitner3, Michael Kuhlman4,
and Marvin Zuckerman4
1

University of Lleida (Spain)

University of Lausanne (Switzerland)
3
University of Bielefeld (Germany)
4
University of Delaware (United States)
2

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Anton Aluja,

Department of Pedagogy and Psychology,
Faculty of Education Science,
University of Lleida,
Complex de la Caparrella, s/n.
E - 25192 Lleida (Catalonia),
Spain
e-mail: aluja@pip.udl.es

Table 1

Descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis), alpha coefficients, t-tests and
effect size between calibration and validation sample
Items

N-Anx
ImpSS
Act
Sy
Agg-Host
Inf

19
19
17
17
17
10

Calibration sample (N=2,322)

M
SD
S
K

8.83
9.62
7.63
9.48
7.80
1.39

8.79
9.71
7.77
9.56
7.69
1.46

4.78 0.18 -0.88

4.19 -0.06 -0.63
3.70 -0.35 -0.48
3.76 0.20 -0.74
3.53 0.10 -0.59
1.49 1.54 3.62

0.85
0.80
0.76
0.76
0.74
0.55

Validation sample (N=2,299)

SD
S
K
t

4.78
4.34
3.62
3.73
3.58
1.51

0.86
0.80
0.77
0.74
0.75
0.53

0.18
-0.09
-0.36
0.12
0.12
1.25

-0.88
-0.77
-0.48
-0.67
-0.62
1.74

0.28
-0.71
-1.35
-0.71
1.05
-1.65

p<
0.781
0.477
0.477
0.177
0.292
0.100

ES
0.01
-0.02
-0.04
-0.02
0.03
-0.05

(a) Note: Neuroticism-Anxiety (N-Anx), Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (ImpSS), Activity (Act), Sociability (Sy),
Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Host), and Infrequency (Inf). ES: Effect size

3
Table 2. Principal Components factorial matrix and Varimax rotation (calibration sample)
Items
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59

ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act

I
.06
-.45
.07
.02
.03
.51
.16
-.17
.06
.02
-.03
.05
.45
-.02
-.05
-.14
-.06
.33
-.16
-.03
.29
-.10
.52
-.08
-.20
.01
.58
-.04
.07
-.01
.59
.15
-.09
-.05
-.14
.49
-.20
.28
-.09
.04
.55
-.21
-.14
.02
.22
.56
-.01
.23
-.03
.42
-.04
.04
-.14

II
.39
.12
.16
-.12
-.40
.06
.12
.23
.12
.11
.11
.52
.21
-.12
.18
-.01
.33
-.05
-.12
.14
.07
.47
.02
.22
.15
-.42
.00
.13
.07
.46
-.09
.06
-.16
.06
.57
-.17
.06
-.17
.03
.48
-.03
.00
.29
.14
.34
.05
.38
.04
.52
.02
-.15
.01
.14

III
-.20
-.05
-.06
.51
.16
-.23
-.01
.18
-.13
.06
.41
.07
.05
.06
-.01
.39
-.19
.00
.07
.05
-.31
.10
.01
.15
.41
.27
-.02
.09
.64
-.02
-.01
.05
-.04
-.47
.13
-.05
.13
-.09
-.63
-.02
-.05
.11
.15
-.19
-.05
-.11
-.09
.37
.00
-.03
.16
-.03
.37

IV
.14
.08
.04
.10
-.05
.08
-.05
-.38
-.11
.46
-.04
.01
.02
.12
.53
.22
.13
-.07
.05
-.50
.11
-.13
.09
-.18
.05
-.10
.05
-.02
-.17
.02
.03
.00
.44
.10
-.08
-.04
-.05
.47
.13
-.15
-.02
-.04
-.51
-.08
.03
.08
-.25
-.01
-.11
-.01
.16
-.13
-.04

V
-.01
-.04
.29
-.02
-.05
-.13
.49
.16
.43
.01
.07
.14
.11
-.27
-.01
-.09
-.02
.17
-.42
-.01
.03
.00
.10
.20
-.03
-.02
.18
-.35
-.03
-.04
.05
.24
.01
.01
.02
-.01
.48
-.09
.01
.09
.08
.45
.10
.04
.07
-.11
.14
.11
.07
.07
-.40
-.01
-.07

Note: F-I: N-Anx; F-II:ImpSS; F:-III: Act; F-IV: Sy; F-V: Agg-Host.

4
Table 2 (continues)
Items
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
70
71
72
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
94
95
96
97
98
99

ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
ImpSS
N-Anx

Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx

Agg-Host
Sy
Act
% variance

I
.01
.62
-.03
.01
-.05
-.04
.55
.11
.12
-.02
.50
.14
-.04
-.14
.47
.00
-.17
.02
.55
.24
.12
.10
-.48
-.02
-.01
.13
.05
.59
.14
.06
-.16
-.12
.46
.07
-.07
.28
6.77

II
.39
.01
.21
.18
.13
.43
-.08
.11
.01
.48
.07
.10
-.02
.32
-.01
.04
.20
.46
-.02
.10
.09
.46
.12
.03
-.04
.01
.44
.06
.14
.30
.02
.38
.06
.05
.24
.06
5.46

III
.19
-.23
.05
-.02
.38
.19
.10
.09
.01
.06
-.13
.10
.56
.20
.02
.01
.18
-.01
.00
.12
.68
.14
.04
.08
.10
-.32
.12
.06
.05
-.02
.46
.07
-.03
-.06
.12
.28
4.96

IV
-.05
.06
-.07
.53
.06
-.03
-.06
.02
.58
-.20
-.09
.05
.01
.26
.10
.07
-.53
-.09
.00
-.29
-.15
-.02
.01
.01
.63
-.08
-.03
.16
.10
-.36
-.12
-.33
-.01
-.09
-.26
.01
4.45

V
.03
-.06
-.36
.01
.04
.03
.06
.45
.04
.15
-.05
.53
-.11
-.03
.10
.56
.04
.07
.07
.05
-.05
.07
-.12
-.52
.03
-.01
.23
.06
.44
.09
-.06
.14
-.01
.49
.08
.19
4.13

Note: F-I: N-Anx; F-II:ImpSS; F:-III: Act; F-IV: Sy; F-V: Agg-Host.

5
Table 3
Standardized Regression Weights (SRW) for the five dimensions (validation sample)
N-Anx
Item SRW
25
0.51
30
0.62
35
0.58
41
0.51
46
0.55
61
0.54
66
0.50
80
0.57
85 -0.50
90
0.52

ImpSS
Item SRW
14
0.46
34
0.40
39
0.57
55
0.54
60
0.42
65
0.40
70
0.55
79
0.45
84
0.44
95
0.45

Sy
Item SRW
12 -0.40
22
0.46
37 -0.33
43 -0.50
48
0.55
63 -0.32
68 -0.52
78
0.52
87 -0.56
92
0.37

Agg-Host
Item SRW
8
0.47
11
0.42
21 -0.40
31 -0.28
42
0.31
67
0.44
72
0.49
77
0.48
86 -0.42
97
0.50

Act
Item SRW
5
0.47
13
0.34
33
0.73
38 -0.39
44 -0.69
59
0.32
64
0.28
74
0.44
83
0.78
94
0.30

Note: Neuroticism-Anxiety (N-Anx), Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (ImpSS), Activity (Act),

Sociability (Sy), Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Host).

Table 4
Fit indices of the ZKPQ 80-item, and the ZKPQ 50-item models (validation sample)
Model (a)

d.f.

GFI

13.48
17.59

AGFI

TLI

CFI

RMSEA

LO

HI

ECVI

0.48 0.47
0.58 0.56

---

---

---

0.074
0.085

0.073
0.084

0.074
0.086

18.16
9.42

Orthogonal

NFI

ZKPQ-80-items
ZKPQ-50-items

18645.14
6323.87

3080
1175

6.03
5.30

0.78 0.77
0.89 0.88

0.56
0.71

0.60
0.74

0.60
0.75

0.047
0.043

0.046
0.042

0.048
0.044

8.25
2.79

Oblique

Null model 80-items 42594.57 3160

Null model 50-items 21545.27 1225

2/d.f(b)

ZKPQ-80-items
ZKPQ-50-items

18079.87
5664.66

3070
1165

5.89
4.86

0.79 0.78
0.90 0.89

0.58
0.74

0.61
0.77

0.62
0.78

0.046
0.040

0.045
0.040

0.047
0.042

8.19
2.56

(a)

(b)

2: Chi-Square. d.f.: Degrees of Freedom. GFI: Goodness of Fit Index. AGFI: Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index. NFI: Normed Fit Index. TLI:
Tucker Lewis Index. CFI: Comparative Fit Index. RMSEA: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation. The LO and HI columns contain the
lower and upper limit of a 90% confidence interval on the population value of RMSEA. ECVI: Expected Cross-Validation Index.
The associated p values were always lower than .0001.

6
Table 5
Fit indexes of each dimension in the ZKPQ 50-item version (validation sample)
Model (a)

d.f.

N-Anx
ImpSS
Act
Sy
Agg-Host

265.99
257.09
427.23
703.96
194.76

35
35
35
35
35

2/d.f(b) GFI AGFI

7.60
7.35
12.20
20.11
5.56

0.98
0.98
0.96
0.93
0.98

0.96
0.96
0.94
0.89
0.97

NFI

TLI

CFI

RMSEA

ECVI

0.94
0.91
0.90
0.78
0.91

0.95
0.90
0.88
0.73
0.90

0.95
0.92
0.90
0.79
0.93

0.05
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.04

0.13
0.13
0.24
0.32
0.10

(a) 2 : Chi Square. d.f.: Degrees of Freedom. GFI: Goodness of Fit Index. AGFI: Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index.
NFI: Normed Fit Index. TLI: Tucker Lewis Index. CFI: Comparative Fit Index. RMSEA: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation.
ECVI: Expected Cross-Validation Index.
(b) The associated p values were always lower than .0001.

Table 6
Descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis) and alphas by country,
and correlations with the age variable

America
N-Anx
(N=2.378) ImpSS
Act
Sy
Agg-Host
Germany N-Anx
(N = 517) ImpSS
Act
Sy
Agg-Host
Spain
N-Anx
(N = 962) ImpSS
Act
Sy
Agg-Host
Switzerland N-Anx
(N = 764) ImpSS
Act
Sy
Agg-Host
(a)
(b)

M
5.16
5.94
4.15
6.46
5.47
4.77
4.19
4.81
5.28
4.79
4.18
5.27
4.89
6.51
4.86
4.87
5.38
3.76
5.67
4.72

S.D.
2.50
2.16
2.60
2.53
2.56
2.52
2.24
2.77
2.34
2.30
2.23
2.35
2.84
2.49
2.42
2.62
2.33
2.60
2.42
2.44

S
-.03
-.28
.31
-.62
-.11
.11
.28
.11
-.35
.23
.51
-.29
-.04
-.60
.10
.18
-.16
.44
-.89
.06

K
-1.11
-.68
-.82
-.35
-.83
-1.15
-.62
-.97
-.83
-.64
-.73
-.80
-1.10
-.42
-.75
-1.08
-.79
-.75
-.69
-.82

Alpha
0.80
0.72
0.74
0.74
0.72
0.82
0.73
0.74
0.67
0.60
0.79
0.73
0.79
0.74
0.66
0.83
0.74
0.76
0.71
0.68

Age (a,b)
r
p
-----------.14***
-.19***
-.09*
-.13**
-.12**
-.16***
-.14***
-.03
-.12***
-.07*
-.11**
-.08*
-.01
-.08*
-.03

Correlations with age can not be computed for the American sample.
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p > 0.001

Note: Underlined effect sizes correspond to non-signifcant differences between the two countries being compared.

7
Table 7 - Factor loadings and percentage of variance accounted for by the factors by country, and factor congruence coefficients between countries.
F-I: N-Anx; F-II: ImpSS; F-III: Act; F-IV: Sy; F-V: Agg-Host.
America

Item
a 25
) 30
35
41
F 46
61
- 66
I 80
85
: 90
14
N 34
39
- 55
A 60
65
n 70
x 79
84
; 95
5
F 13
33
- 38
I 44
59
I 64
: 74
83
94
A 12
c 22
37
t 43
; 48
63
68
78
F
87
- 92
I 8
I 11
21
I 31
: 42
67
72
( 77
86
a 97
)%

F-IV
F-I ( F-II
F-III
.08
.05
.11
.51
.01
.00
.09
.67
-.07
.01
.02
.66
-.19
-.02
-.09
.50
-.03
-.02
-.02
.57
-.03
-.15
.08
.62
-.07
.02
-.05
.60
.02
-.04
.00
.62
.15
.00
.01
-.56
.06
.01
.24
.57
-.04
.02
-.02
.57
.01
-.14
.06
.47
-.14
.01
-.09
.57
-.09
-.01
-.03
.50
-.03
.11
.01
.48
-.03
.16
.00
.49
-.05
.05
-.15
.52
-.01
.05
-.10
.51
.11
.04
-.06
.47
-.13
.06
-.27
.48
.02
-.09
.12
.56
-.02
.06
-.01
.47
.06
.09
-.16
.70
.02
.10
.01
-.56
-.06
.03
.12
-.69
-.20
.17
.00
.33
-.08
.14
.06
.39
.03
.02
.10
.53
.08
.02
-.12
.76
-.09
.13
-.15
.39
-.01
.08
.09
-.55
.00
.14
.02
.50
-.09
-.11
-.09
-.42
.24
-.25
-.07
-.48
-.14
.30
.12
.48
.01
.18
-.06
-.52
.09
.05
.00
-.60
-.11
.24
.13
.57
.02
.02
.06
-.68
.02
.30
-.07
.41
.15
.10
.03
-.02
.05
.16
-.04
-.12
-.10
-.13
.04
-.06
-.09
.11
.08
.03
-.19
.11
.09
-.05
.03
.07
.07
.04
.11
.09
.11
.10
.01
.08
-.01
.02
.00
.06
.07
.07
-.04
.03
-.03
-.13
7.65
6.48
6.58
6.32

F-V

.11
.15
-.02
-.04
.04
-.07
.02
.02
-.11
.07
.06
-.03
-.03
.07
.00
.03
.14
.09
.13
.19
.00
.01
.00
-.03
-.05
-.04
.05
-.08
-.02
-.06
-.02
.02
-.01
-.13
.05
.00
.04
.04
.01
.08
.58
.42
-.45
-.42
.54
.52
.55
.60
-.55
.58
5.90

F-I

.62
.39
.56
.64
.59
.58
.66
.62
-.50
.70
.13
-.01
-.18
.08
-.10
-.10
-.01
.02
.11
.00
-.08
-.12
-.02
-.01
-.05
-.07
-.03
-.16
.08
-.17
-.10
-.02
-.08
.06
-.10
-.15
.16
-.07
.02
.00
.10
.12
-.26
-.26
-.18
.21
.17
.01
-.03
.01
8.11

F-II

.06
-.09
-.07
-.15
.04
-.15
.02
.06
.00
-.01
.32
.61
.59
.57
.48
.57
.63
.43
.43
.49
-.09
.27
.08
.18
.06
.20
.16
.11
.11
.11
.06
.13
-.09
-.32
.40
.24
.04
.18
.07
.21
.07
.05
.02
.07
.14
.11
.03
-.01
.12
-.07
6.92

Germany
F-III

.04
.02
.01
-.05
.03
-.18
.02
-.15
.13
-.06
.08
-.04
.04
.11
.04
.07
.04
.01
.10
-.02
.71
.34
.67
-.53
-.75
.32
.31
.50
.71
.41
.11
.11
-.05
.01
.15
-.13
-.03
.06
.16
.06
.04
-.14
.00
.08
.08
-.05
.11
-.04
.11
.06
6.62

F-IV

.17
-.01
.03
-.09
.01
.19
.02
-.07
.13
.10
-.12
-.02
-.12
-.03
.11
-.11
-.15
.01
.11
-.33
.05
.02
-.07
.08
.03
.08
.07
-.11
.02
-.05
-.44
..55
-.11
-.60
.50
-.58
-.67
.57
-.63
.07
.14
-.12
-.11
.11
-.20
.11
-.08
.10
.05
-.06
6.19

F-V

.04
.56
.35
.06
.24
.05
.07
.13
-.03
.01
.44
-.03
-.02
-.08
.09
.00
.03
.05
.06
.04
-.07
-.04
.17
-.01
-.06
-.11
-.03
-.02
.10
-.02
-.04
.07
.07
.04
.04
.05
-.04
-.01
.00
.22
.47
.29
-.36
-.17
.33
.43
.60
.55
-.48
.56
5.66

Spain
F-I
F-II
F-III
F-IV
F-V
.13
.05
.05
.03
.55
.13
-.09
.08
.08
.61
-.08
.02
-.03
.11
.63
-.08
-.07
-.08
.02
.65
.06
-.02
-.01
-.01
.61
-.12
-.14
.06
-.06
.59
.01
.06
.03
.11
.42
.07
.01
.04
.04
.59
.11
.07
.04
-.27
-.46
.13
.03
.09
.09
.64
.16
.07
-.11
.22
.52
.00
-.08
-.05
-.03
.53
-.06
.09
-.05
.06
.67
-.07
.02
.06
.09
.58
.10
.17
-.08
-.06
.40
.02
.11
.00
.01
.58
.00
.03
-.11
.22
.47
.00
.01
-.05
.10
.42
.12
.03
-.13
.03
.57
-.03
-.03
-.43
.05
.34
.10
-.10
.12
-.03
.56
-.05
.12
.00
.12
.38
-.05
.08
-.15
-.01
.73
-.05
.16
.09
-.01
-.58
-.04
-.02
.14
.01
-.74
-.17
.10
.00
-.02
.55
.02
.19
.14
.03
.40
-.02
.07
-.16
-.12
.63
-.01
.06
-.09
-.03
.76
-.16
.13
-.22
-.14
.38
-.01
.03
.07
.01
-.54
-.05
.13
.06
-.06
.50
-.13
-.06
-.14
-.06
-.43
.16
-.12
-.04
.07
-.56
-.04
.32
.12
.04
.51
.02
.25
-.07
-.05
-.55
.10
.07
-.03
-.02
-.71
-.10
.24
.17
-.07
.48
.00
.04
.01
.11
-.70
.10
.20
.00
.08
.36
-.01
.11
-.15
-.08
.56
.04
.16
-.19
-.08
.56
-.29
-.08
.00
-.02
-.36
-.21
.11
.09
.01
-.37
-.20
.19
.14
-.06
.37
.04
.10
.08
.00
.48
.02
.05
.13
.05
.54
.04
.05
.07
.11
.51
-.09
.01
.05
-.07
-.54
.26
.04
-.07
-.01
.47
7.67
6.84
7.56
6.84
5.32

Factor Congruence Coefficients between countries

Switzerland
F-I
F-II
F-III
F-IV
F-V SP-SW SP-AM SP-GE SW-AM SW-GE AM-GE
.02
.06
.09
.17 .96
.98
.98
.99
.95
.97
.60
.04
-.01
.08
.11 .98
.97
.68
.99
.72
.78
.66
-.06
.00
-.03
.09 1
.98
.94
.99
.92
.87
.61
-.21
-.08
.02
.04 .96
.96
1
.97
.98
.98
.59
-.02
-.05
-.04
.08
.98
.98
.95
1
.95
.95
.66
-.02
-.16
.09
-.04 .99
.99
.97
1
.96
.96
.64
-.14
.09
-.03
.15 .95
.94
.96
.97
.92
.97
.58
.03
-.01
.05
.05 .99
.99
.95
1
.95
.97
.62
.19
-.03
.05
-.16 .94
.94
.83
.99
.85
.89
-.58
.12
-.12
.20
-.01 .94
.97
.95
.96
.97
.95
.57
.10
.06
.00
.36 .94
.88
.90
.76
.97
.64
.37
-.01
-.10
-.03
-.08 .99
.97
.99
.97
.98
.96
.48
-.16
.13
.10
.00 .96
.97
.95
.94
.93
.99
.62
-.05
-.02
-.02
.04 .98
.98
.89
.99
.94
.89
.63
-.05
.22
.04
.02 .92
.93
.76
.98
.93
.95
.50
.06
.16
-.14
-.04 .95
.99
.95
.94
.94
.95
.55
-.05
.05
.00
.13 .95
.98
.92
.97
.96
.97
.62
.02
.06
-.13
-.02 .93
.99
.98
.97
.94
.97
.47
-.03
.12
-.03
.04 .95
.98
.89
.94
.92
.91
.55
-.11
-.08
-.21
.21 .84
.87
.95
.97
.92
.93
.46
-.04
.00
-.01
.09 .90
.99
.94
.94
.95
.97
.61
-.17
.22
.00
.06 .95
.94
.85
.90
.96
.84
.44
.09
.07
-.10
-.04 .98
.99
.97
.99
.96
.97
.75
-.01
.00
-.07
-.06 .88
.99
.99
.93
.83
.97
-.26
-.09
-.05
.13
-.06 .99
.99
.99
.99
.98
.99
-.71
-.10
.15
-.04
-.12 .97
.94
.90
.94
.95
.93
.48
-.14
.20
.06
.06 .92
.95
.95
.98
.94
.96
.39
.02
-.01
.03
-.03 .95
.93
.96
.98
.89
.84
.58
.10
.13
-.08
-.02 .99
.99
.98
.99
.99
.97
.80
-.13
.01
-.08
.03 .86
.98
.93
.92
.97
.96
.43
-.04
.04
.14
-.07 .99
1
.98
.99
.99
.98
-.61
-.03
.14
.04
.02 .99
.99
.97
1
.99
.98
.53
-.04
-.13
-.09
.00 .96
.98
.68
.99
.77
.80
-.48
.33
-.10
-.08
-.03 .95
.92
.95
.96
.87
.92
-.50
-.17
.29
.14
-.01 .97
.99
.98
.99
.99
.99
.45
-.23
.18
.02
-.04 .89
.98
.93
.91
.94
.96
-.53
.08
-.01
.00
-.01
.99
.99
.99
.99
.98
.98
.62
-.12
.15
.16
-.09 .99
.99
.98
.97
.98
.99
-.54
.09
-.01
.09
.04 .98
1
.98
.99
.98
.99
.61
-.05
.25
.11
.03 .72
.97
.65
.77
.78
.63
-.14
.12
.10
-.04
.00
.91
.78
.99
.93
.95
.54 .94
.04
.01
.00
.07
.97
.93
.87
.77
.90
.41 .88
-.15
-.07
.03
-.09
.89
.96
.98
.92
.85
-.46 .94
-.14
.05
.03
.03
.96
.85
.97
.77
.67
-.37 .97
-.32
.07
.12
-.13
.95
.95
.95
.94
.91
.43 .96
.13
.03
-.05
-.03
.99
.85
.92
.91
.86
.43 .92
.19
-.07
.08
-.01
.97
.94
.93
.98
.94
.58 .93
-.01
.12
.11
.06
.98
.99
.97
.94
.98
.54 .98
.02
.12
-.06
.04
.97
.97
.97
.95
.98
-.60 .95
-.04
.07
.03
-.12
.83
.87
.99
.95
.95
.59 .84
8.73
6.77
7.15
5.53
5.77 .95
.96
.92
.96
.93
.92

8
Appendix: Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire Cross-Cultural 50-item version
(ZKPQ-50-CC). Zuckerman and Kuhlman, 1993.
Instructions: On this page you will find a series of statements that people might use to describe themselves. Read each
statement and decide whether or not it describes you. If you agree with a statement or decide that it describes you
answer TRUE, marking the letter T with a cross. If you disagree with a statement or feel that it is not descriptive of
you, answer FALSE, marking the letter F with a cross.
T = TRUE
F = FALSE
(Mark the chosen letter with a cross)
Answer every statement either True (T) or False (F) even if you are not entirely sure of your answer.

Example:
Act
Agg-Host
Agg-Host
Sy
Act
ImpSS
Agg-Host
Sy
N-Anx
N-Anx
Agg-Host
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx
Agg-Host
Sy
Act
N-Anx
Sy
ImpSS
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx
Sy
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx
Agg-Host
Sy
ImpSS
Agg-Host
Act
Agg-Host
Sy
ImpSS
N-Anx
Act
ImpSS
N-Anx
Agg-Host
Sy
N-Anx
Sy
Act
ImpSS
Agg-Host

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

I have always told the truth.

T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T

F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F

*5.-I do not like to waste time just sitting around and relaxing.
8.-I When I get mad, I say ugly things.
11.-It's natural for me to curse when I am mad.
12.-I do not mind going out alone and usually prefer it to being out in a large group.
13.-I lead a busier life than most people.
14.-I often do things on impulse.
21.-I almost never feel like I would like to hit someone.
22.-I spend as much time with my friends as I can.
25.-My body often feels all tightened up for no apparent reason.
30.-I frequently get emotionally upset.
31.-If someone offends me, I just try not to think about it.
33.-I like to be doing things all of the time.
34.-I would like to take off on a trip with no preplanned or definite routes or timetables.
35.-I tend to be oversensitive and easily hurt by thoughtless remarks and actions of others.
37.-I do not need a large number of casual friends.
38.-I can enjoy myself just lying around and not doing anything active.
39.-I enjoy getting into new situations where you can't predict how things will turn out.
41.-I am easily frightened.
42.-If people annoy me I do not hesitate to tell them so.
43.-I tend to be uncomfortable at big parties.
44.-I do not feel the need to be doing things all of the time.
46.-I sometimes feel panicky.
48.-At parties, I enjoy mingling with many people whether I already know them or not.
55.-I sometimes like to do things that are a little frightening.
59.-When on vacation I like to engage in active sports rather than just lie around.
60.-I'll try anything once.
61.-I often feel unsure of myself.
63.-I would not mind being socially isolated in some place for some period of time.
64.- I like to wear myself out with hard work or exercise.
65.-I would like the kind of life where one is on the move and travelling a lot, with lots of change and excitement.
66.-I often worry about things that other people think are unimportant.
67.-When people disagree with me I cannot help getting into an argument with them.
68.-Generally, I like to be alone so I can do things I want to do without social distractions.
70.-I sometimes do "crazy" things just for fun.
72.-I have a very strong temper.
74.-I like to be active as soon as I wake up in the morning.
77.-I can't help being a little rude to people I do not like.
78.-I am a very sociable person.
79.-I prefer friends who are excitingly unpredictable.
80.-I often feel like crying sometimes without a reason.
83.-I like to keep busy all the time.
84.-I often get so carried away by new and exciting things and ideas that I never think of possible complications.
85.-I don't let a lot of trivial things irritate me.
86.-I am always patient with others even when they are irritating.
87.-I usually prefer to do things alone.
90.-I often feel uncomfortable and ill at ease for no real reason.
92.-I probably spend more time than I should socializing with friends.
94.-When I do things, I do them with lots of energy.
95.-I like "wild" uninhibited parties.
97.-When people shout at me, I shout back.

*Corresponds to number on ZKPQ-III-R (full version). For example: Item 1 on the ZKPQ-50 is Item 5 on the ZKPQIII-R.