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Think of It
Read each riddle and write the answer in the form requested. 1. It is a three-digit number whose tens digit is 3. Its hundreds digit is 4 more than its ones digit, which is an odd number less than 5. No two digits are the same. Write it in standard form:
2. It is the greatest even two-digit number. The product of its digits is 72. Write it in word form:
3. It is the least four-digit number that can be rounded up to the nearest hundred as 4,100.
Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Write it in expanded form:
4. It is a four-digit number greater than 7,000. None of its digits are the same and all of them are even numbers. Its ones digit is 6 and the sum of its digits is 20. Write it in standard form:
5. Both the sum and the product of its three digits are 6. The least digit is in the hundreds place and the greatest digit is in the ones place. Write it in word form:
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Chapter Resources
Telephone Fun
Use what you know about place value and telephone numbers to complete this chart.
Telephone Number
Standard Form
Expanded Form
Word Form Two million, six hundred thirty-seven thousand, four hundred twenty
905-9618
7,000,000 + 300,000 + 10,000 + 5,000 + 800 + 80 + 2

Write your telephone number in standard form:
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Big Time
One million is a big number, and these are big questions. A good problem-solving plan and a calculator will help you find the answers. 1. About how many years old were you by the time you had lived a million minutes?
2. About how old would you be if you lived a million hours?
3. About how old would you be if you lived a million days?
4. About how old would you be if you lived a million weeks?
5. About how many months is a million weeks?
6. About how many years is a million months?
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 1
More or Less
Read each question. Then write your answers on the lines provided. 1. How many different three-digit numbers can you make using 1, 2, and 3 as digits?
2. From least to greatest, write the 6 three-digit numbers you can make using the digits 1, 2, and 3.
3. How many different three-digit numbers can you make using 4, 5, and 6 as digits?
4. From least to greatest write the 6 three-digit numbers you can make using the digits 4, 5, and 6.
5. Write the greatest and least numbers you can make using all four of these digits: 0, 3, 5, 7 Use the signs >, <, and = to compare the values below. 6. (2 + 4) 7. (5 - 3) 8. (5 + 8) 9. (9 - 6) 10. (20 - 4) 11. (12 + 5) 12. (10 - 5) 13. (13 - 7) 14. (15 + 3) 15. (11 - 3)
Grade 4
(4 + 2) (5 + 3) (10 + 1) (5 - 1) (12 + 12) (9 + 8) (9 - 7) (8 + 6) (7 + 8) (3 + 4) 27
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Road Trip
Sacramento, CA
New York, NY
Washington, D.C.
Dallas, TX
Atlanta, GA
St. Louis, MO
George and Kate, who live in Dallas, Texas, are planning a road trip to visit five cities in the United States. George used an atlas to find the distance between Dallas and their first stop in Atlanta, Georgia. He wrote down that distance as 781 miles. Then he quickly jotted down these notes about other distances 629, 233, 938, 2034 and 1729. Based on Georges notes, decide what route you think they will follow for their road trip. Write the names of the cities in the order you think George and Kate will visit them before returning home. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did you decide on that order?
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 1
Pasta Challenge
Millions of boxes of pasta were sold in the United States in 2005. This report rounds unit sales to the nearest hundred thousand. Read the report and place a checkmark () next to each sentence that could be true.
Pasta Spaghetti Macaroni Fettuccini Spiral Angel Hair

Unit Sales (to the nearest hundred thousand) 74,800,000 45,600,000 50,800,000 26,900,000 13,700,000
1. More than 75 million Americans bought a box of spaghetti pasta in 2005. 2. At least 13,650,000 boxes of angel hair pasta were sold. 3. Fewer than 45,650,000 boxes of Macaroni pasta were purchased. 4. Total sales for spiral pasta and angel hair pasta were less than 40,000,000 units. 5. The actual number of boxes of Fettuccini pasta sold was 50,782,693.
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One Through Nine
If you like to fidget with digits, then heres a problem for you. Write the digits 1 through 9 on nine separate scraps of paper. How many ways can you make 3 piles of 3 digits whose sums add up to the numbers on each square below?
13
15
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Alpha Math
Each letter in these addition and subtraction problems stands for a different numeral. Use the clues given to substitute the correct numerals in the problems below. As you study the problems, you will discover the correct numerals for each letter in the chart. Rewrite each problem and fill in the chart. 1.
IEC + DED EEGD
2.
FFD + IBH ACB

3.
DAE + HGH EFEJ
4.
IEC - EGF EDF
5.
DAA - JEF EDB
6. EHHB
- BEG EGFG
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 2
Across and Down

Place each set of four numbers in these squares so that you can subtract and get the same answer for both rows and both columns.
Look at this example:
15, 30, 29, 44
44 30 = 14
29 15 14
= 15 = 15
1. 12, 9, 3, 6
= = =
2. 56, 20, 36, 40
= = =
3. 13, 27, 21, 19
= = =
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Asked and Answered
Almost 2,000 kids went to Camp Guthrie last summer884 boys and 965 girls. Most of them bought clothes at the Guthrie Gift Shop. Write three questions you can ask and answer by adding. 1.
2.
3.
Add 3 items to the Guthrie Gift Shop price list. Create two more questions that you can ask and answer by adding 3 items. Be sure to use the new items in your questions! 4.
5.
Trade with a partner to check each others work.
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Area Code City Chapter Resources
Area Code Sums

Cities in California have different area codes. Use the chart below to answer the questions. 1. What is the sum of the area codes for Modesto and Alta Loma?
209 310 408 415
Modesto Venice Milpitas Sausalito Castro Valley Fresno Bonita Pasadena Napa Anaheim Ventura Tarzana Alta Loma Sacramento
2. Find the sum of the area codes for Sacramento, Pasadena, and Milpitas.
510 559 619 626
3. What is the sum of the area codes for the cities with two syllables?
707 714 805 818
4. Which group has a greater value, the area codes that start with 4 and 7 or the area codes that start with 5 and 6?
909 916
5. Find the sum of the area codes for cities that begin with a C or a V.
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Area Code Differences
Area Code City
Cities in Texas have different area codes. Use the chart below to answer the questions. 1. What is the difference between the area codes of San Antonio and Galveston?
214 254 281 409 512
Dallas Waco Houston Galveston Austin Aldine Amarillo Fort Worth San Antonio El Paso Dodge Irving College Station
2. What is the difference between the area codes of Irving and Aldine?
713 806 817 830
3. What is difference between the area codes for the two cities that begin with D?
915 936 972 979
4. What is difference between the area codes with the greatest and the least value?
5. Which has a greater value, the difference between the area codes that start with 8 or the difference between the area codes that start with 9?
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 2
Odd Numbers
1. Rearrange the letters below to make another number phrase that equals thirteen.
TWELVE PLUS ONE
How many odd numbers can you make from the letters above?
2. What two-digit number spells its name in alphabetical order?
How many odd number stories and riddles can you and your friends share with each other? List some below.
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How Long Has It Been?
1. In 2001, Yosemite National Park introduced several new energy projects. How many years had passed since the park first became protected as public land in 1864?
2. In 1787, Delaware became the first state in the union. In 1959, Hawaii became the fiftieth state. How many years had passed between the time Delaware and Hawaii became states?
3. In 1937, the first car drove across the Golden Gate Bridge. In 1985, the billionth car drove across the Golden Gate Bridge. How long did it take for one billion cars to cross the Golden Gate Bridge?
4. The United States accepted the Statue of Liberty as a gift from France in 1886. How many years old is the Statue of Liberty?
5. The construction of the St. Louis Gateway Arch was completed in 1965. If the arch took two years to build, in what year did construction begin? How many years has it been since the construction of the St. Louis Gateway Arch began?
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Favorite Foods
In order to find out about their favorite foods, Oscar asked 10 of his classmates the following question: What are your top three favorite snacks? Look at his notes. Use them to organize the information in the chart below. 1. Pedro cheese pizza, apples, vegetables and dip 2. Sara yogurt, ice cream, pepperoni pizza 3. Jon ice cream, bananas, popcorn 4. Theresa pizza, vegetables and dip, chips 5. Abi apples, pears, yogurt 6. Trevor corn chips, pizza, vegetables and dip 7. Jair apples, ice cream, pizza 8. Alison pepperoni pizza, popcorn, chips 9. Bonita pizza, apples, vegetables and dip 10. Dean grapes, apples, cheese pizza
Favorite Foods and Snacks
Food/Snack Fruit Pizza Vegetables and Dip Popcorn, Chips, etc. Ice Cream & Yogurt
Tally Marks
Frequency
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 3
Two Weeks of Weather

The following table shows the 10-year average high and low temperatures for the town of Mitburg, USA. Use the information in the table to answer the following questions.
Date High/Low Average Temperature (F)
May 1 May 2 May 3 May 4 May 5 May 6 May 7 May 8 May 9 May 10 May 11 May 12 May 13 May 14
68/54 69/56 70/56 72/57 72/58 71/57 73/59 73/59 74/59 74/60 74/60 74/61 75/61 76/62
1. What is the range for the low temperatures? 2. What is the median high temperature? 3. What is the mode among the low average temperatures? 4. What is the mode among the high average temperatures? 5. Change the average high temperature for May 6 to 82. Now what is the mode and median for the temperatures?
mode
median
Did they change? Why or why not?
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Counting Critters
Half of the critters in the backyard are spiders, and they all have eight legs. The rest are six-legged insects. If there are 56 critter legs in the backyard, how many critters are there?
Complete this table and use it to solve the problem.
Critters Spider Legs Insect Legs
Half of the animals in a backyard are dogs and they all have four legs. The rest are two-legged birds. If there are 24 animal legs in the backyard, how many animals are there?
Animals Dog Legs Bird Legs
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Chapter Resources
Out-of-State Plates
Enrico and James ride the bus to and from school. To pass the time, they had a contest to see how many out-of-state license plates each of them could spot each day. Here is the data they collected for two weeks. Enrico: 7, 3, 13, 9, 6, 7, 8, 10, 7, 5 James: 8, 3, 12, 8, 5, 7, 9, 12, 0, 7 Use two different colors to make line plots for Enrico and James on the graph below. Then answer the questions.
Out-of-State Plates
M on da y
Grade 4
W ed ne y da
1. On how many days did they tally the same number? 2. Who spotted the most out-of-state license plates?
3. Looking at the data for both boys, what number is the mode? 4. What might explain James data for the second Thursday of the contest?
Tu es
Tu
Th ur sd sd ay
M on da
Fr id ay ay
Fr
W ed ne y
Th
id
es da y
ur sd ay ay
ay
sd
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Gumball Stretch
Yanni, Angela, Dave, and Chico stretch their gum as far as they can without breaking it.
How Far We Stretched Our Gum

Chico stretched his gum the farthest. Angela and Yanni were close, but Yanni managed to stretch his just a bit further. 1. If Angela stretched her gum 7 inches, how far do you think Chico stretched his? 2. If Angelas stretched 2 inches, how far do you think Chicos stretched? 3. Daves gum stretched about as far as Chicos.
4. If Yanni stretched his gum 18 centimeters, about how far did Dave stretched his? 5. Imagine they laid the stretched gum end to end instead. If Angelas gum stretched 12 centimeters, about how far did everyones gum stretch in all?
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Result of a Book Reading Contest
10
Chapter Resources 3rd Grade March 4th Grade
Chapter 3
Readers Win
Average number of books read
8 6
3rd Grade 3rd Grade 4th Grade 4th Grade
4 2 0
January
February
Months
This graph shows the results of a reading contest at Jefferson Elementary School. Third and fourth graders kept track of the average number of books read by students for three months. Use the graph to complete the table below. Title: Month Grade Level Average Number of Books Read
January
February
March
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A Presidential Problem
A B C D E F G H I J
Find a list of all the presidents and use this table to tally the most common last initials among the presidents. Then use the data to make a bar graph of the top 10 most common initials.
K
L M N O P Q R S T U
Before 2008, what was the most common first letter for the last names of U.S. Presidents?
V W X Y Z
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Chapter Resources
So Many Options!
Is the number of possible combinations in each pair of situations the same? If not, circle the letter with more? When you are finished, rank the letters (a-h) from least combinations to most combinations. a. You have four different colored pencils. You give them away to four different people. b. There are four Student Helpers of the Day in your classroom. Your teacher assigns each student helper a different job. c. Your friend has 5 different rocks. He says you can pick any three you want. d. Your mom gives you a list of 5 chores to do. You can do them in any order you would like. e. You have 4 clean shirts and 2 clean pairs of pants.
f. You have 3 clean shirts and 3 clean pairs of pants.
g. Three people want to trade juice boxes at lunch. h. Your dad makes pork chops, peas, and mashed potatoes for dinner. You eat one at a time. LEAST , , , , , , , MOST
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Looks Like
Use this number line to plot probabilities. Write the number of each outcome described above the place where you think it belongs.
0 wont happen
1 2 might happen
1 will happen
1. The weatherman predicts a 75% chance of snow.
2. Your uncle buys one lottery ticket and wins $1,000,000.
3. Tuesday will follow Monday next week.
4. Lewis flips a coin and gets tails.
5. Deborah, who is holding three quarters, two dimes, and one nickel, accidentally drops one of the dimes.
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Tricky Triangles
4 8 = 32 32 8 = 4
Look at this example:
32
Find the missing number in each triangle. Then write a related multiplication and division problem for each triangle. 1. 2. 3.
36
48
56
4.
14
5.
25
6.
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multiply commutative divide associative product multiple quotient factor
Chapter Resources
Chapter 4
Five Plus One

zero one
Choose five of the words from the box above to complete these statements correctly. 1. You multiply to find the of two or more factors.
2. Any number times
equals zero.
3. The 6 7 = 7 6.
property helps us know that
4. When any number except zero is divided by itself, the is one.
5. You cannot
a number by zero.
Now choose one of the unused words and use it to write a true mathematical statement.
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Mystery Multiplication
What times table is this? Use the value of P as a clue to figure out the value of the other letters. Complete the chart below. N N N N N N N N N N P R B T N G D C S Z = = = = = = = = = = GP BT D BG R N GS GB
BC Z
P 5
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 4
Babysitting Money
Kate, Jenni, and Molly earned a total of $70 babysitting this week. Jenni earned twice as much as Kate. Molly earned twice as much as Jenni. How much did each girl earn? Kate earned Jenni earned Molly earned Prove your answer. . . .
The following week, Kate, Jenni, and Molly earned a total of $90 babysitting. Kate earned three times as much as Jenni. Jenni earned twice as much as Molly. How much did each girl earn? Kate earned Jenni earned Molly earned Prove your answer. . . .
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More Mystery Multiplication
Which times table is this Use what you have learned about multiplication to figure out the value for each letter. Complete the chart below. M M M M M M M M M M M H Q J V W F L K Y = = = = = = = = = = LY M KY YW FK W JL YM HL QK
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 4
Multiples of Eleven and Twelve
1. Look at these multiples of eleven and fill in the blanks. 11 99 22 110 33 44 132 55 143 66 77
Describe at least one pattern that you notice.
2. Look at these multiples of twelve and fill in the blanks. 12 108 36 132 48 60 144 156 84 168 96
Describe at least one pattern that you notice.
3. What multiple do eleven and twelve have in common? 4. Give an application for multiples of 12.
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Make the Most
Use the letters in the table below to complete the word puzzle. Make four three-letter words that connect in each corner. Do not change the vowels. Find the letter scoring values by completing the table. For example, the letter B is worth 5 points. Add the values of all four words to find your total score. How high can you score by using four different consonants one time? Compare your work with a partner.
Letter I B D E F G J
Value 10 3 = 25 5 = 12 6 = 36= 45= 36 4 = 10 4 =
Letter L M O S T U Y
Value 45 5 = 49= 30 3 =
55= 6 7 = 42 7 = 54 6
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 4
In Any Order
For each multiplication fact, write a problem with three factors that has the same product. For example, 5 8 = 40 1. 9 4 = 36 2. 6 8 = 48 3. 5 9 = 45 4. 8 9 = 72 5. 10 6 = 60 6. 7 7 = 49 7. 6 4 = 24 8. 8 8 = 64
5 2 4 = 40
= 36
= 48 = 45 = 72 = 60 = 49 = 24 = 64 = 12 = 35
9. 3 4 = 12 10. 8 5 = 40
Look at all the factors given for each problem below. You decide the order in which you would like to think about them. Use parentheses to write each problem and multiply to find the product. 11. 6, 4, 2 12. 7, 4, 5 13. 4, 7, 2 14. 5, 2, 3 15. 8, 3, 4 16. 7, 2, 6 17. 5, 8, 4 18. 6, 7, 3
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Rows and Columns
Use this multiplication table to think about factors and multiples. Follow the directions and answer the questions below.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
0 1 2 3 4
2
0 2 4 6
3
0 3 6
4
0 4
5
0 5
6
0 6
7
0 7
8
0 8
9 10 11 12
0 0 0 0 9 10 11 12
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 11 0 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132 12 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144
1. A multiple of 7 is any product of 7 and another number. List the multiples of seven in the table:
2. When two factors of a product are the same number, the product is called a square number. For example, 7 7 = 49, so 49 is a square number. List the square numbers on the table:
Shade the square numbers on the table.
3. Are all multiples of 2 even numbers? 4. Are all multiples of 5 odd numbers?
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Matching Expressions
The stories below use words to express ideas about addition and subtraction. Most of them match an algebraic expression at the right. One algebraic expression does not match. Write the letter of an algebraic expression to match each story. Rewrite the incorrect algebraic expression to make it match. 1. Sally has more dollars than Angie, who has ten dollars. 2. Last month Brett read fewer books than his friend Bill, who read seven biographies. 3. Kim baked a dozen apple pies. Duane baked an equal number of apple pies, plus some cherry pies. 4. There are 24 hours in a day, but everyone spends some number of them sleeping. 5. Tom started out with seventysix trading cards, but he ended up with only fifty-four. 6. There are 31 days in January, but Heather only works some of the days. 7. Jennifer calls her Grandmother more than Raul, who calls his Grandmother once a week. 8. Jacob had eighty-two rolls of wrapping paper to sell. After selling the paper, he had forty-seven rolls of paper left. A. 31 - x B. 12 + 12 + x
C. x + 20
D. 1 + x or x - 1
F. 76 - x = 54
G. 7 - x
H. 82 + x = 47
J. 24 + x
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Chapter Resources
Half a Dozen Plus One
Add and subtract mentally to solve these rhyming riddles. Write only the answer on each line. 1. Take the number of hours in a day plus a dozen words to say 2. Start with the number of months in one year add the legs found on one deer
3. Four plus seven now add eleven 4. Take the number of fingers on one hand plus all the states in this great land 5. Count the toes on two feet add the ts found in retreat 6. Start with the number of days in a week minus the letters in the word seek Now write a rhyming riddle of your own and trade with a partner to check your answers. Think about rhyming words like flag and bag, door and more, eight and skate.
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Paint Party
Libby wants to paint her bedroom, which is 9 feet by 12 feet, three different shades. She wants the bottom half of the walls to be a dark blue color. She picked a bright shade of pink for a 6 inch wide band just above the dark blue. Libby wants the rest of each wall to be pale pink all the way to the ceiling. How much wider is the pale pink band than the bright pink 6 inch band? 1. What information is given that would help you answer the question?
2. What information is needed but missing?
3. Choose a likely number for the missing information and use it to estimate an answer.
4. Paint is sold in 1-gallon containers. One gallon of paint covers about 350 square feet of wall. Suppose the dark blue paint costs $17.95 per gallon, the bright pink paint costs $18.33 per gallon, and the pale pink paint costs $18.99 per gallon. Using your estimate from problem 3, calculate the cost of painting Libbys bedroom.
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 5
Higher Thinking
Find Your Way Finish the maze by following a number pattern. If the pattern ends, you are on the wrong track. Go back and try again!
START 4 12 36 324 108 419
8
24
5 9 17 37 51 44
15 6
10 29 8 132
7 11
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Addition and Subtraction Relationships
Continue each pattern. Then write the function that makes it work. Here is an example. 0, 5, 10, 15, , The function is x + 5 ,
1. 3, 9, 15, 21, The function is
2. 72, 68, 64, 60, The function is
3. 39, 49, 59, 69, The function is
,
4. 28, 35, 42, 49, The function is
5. 81, 72, 63, 54, The function is 6. 25, 33, 41, 49, The function is 7. 93, 88, 83, 78, The function is 8. 41, 45, 49, 53, The function is
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Chapter Resources
Eight Expressions
Algebraic Expressions 5n 6 (n - 7) 40 (2 n) 2 + (49 7) 9 + (2 n) (3 n) - 11 (7 n) 5 36 (3 n)
Choose one of these expressions for each arm of the octopus. Write the expression on the arm that contains the matching word phrase. Arm 1 Arm 2 Arm 3 Arm 4 Arm 5 Arm 6 Arm 7 Arm 8
Grade 4
forty divided by two times a number five times a number six times a number decreased by seven thirty-six divided by three times a number seven times a number, divided by 5 two more than forty-nine divided by seven eleven less than three times a number nine more than twice a number 37
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Talent show
Joe, Bob and I went to the talent show. We counted performers that we know. Joe, who is known to use his head, Said, All but two of them wore red. Bob, who is a clever fellow, Said, All but two of them wore yellow. And I, with 20-20 sight, Could see that all but two wore white. Use logical reasoning to answer the questions. 1. How many performers were counted? 2. Explain your thinking.
3. Find as many ways as you can to show the number 90, using three numbers and at least two operations.
4. The product of two numbers is 2,400. One number is 20 more than the other. What are the two numbers?
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 5
Next Three
Draw a line from each pattern to the equation that was used to make it. Then write the next three numbers in the pattern. 1.
x y
5 15 1 3 2 4 10 10 2 8 3 6 10 5 30 93
6 16 3 7 3 6 11 12 4 16 6 9 9 4 40
7 17 5 15 4 8 12 14 6 24 9 12 8 3 50
10
y = 2x + 1
2.
x y
15
31
63
y = x + 10
3.
x y
y = 2x - 10
4.
x y
13
14
15
y = 2x
5.
x y
10
12
y = 4x
6.
x y
12
15
18
y=x+3
7.
x y
y = 3x + 3 80
8.
x y
60
70
123 153
y=x-5
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ExTENding Patterns
The numbers in these patterns are multiples of 10. Continue each pattern and write the rule. 1. 200, 2,000, 20,000, 200,000,
The rule is: 2. 10, 50, 250, 1,250,
The rule is: 3. 9,600, 4,800, 2,400, 1,200,
The rule is: 4. 30, 60, 120, 240,
The rule is: 5. 3,400,000,000, The rule is: 34,000,000, 340,000, 3400,
Solve these problems. Use the answers to the fill in the blanks so that the paragraph makes sense. 31= 3 10 = 3 100 =
About 126 kinds of fish and 346 kinds of mammals are on the endangered species list. The mountain gorilla, one of kinds of gorillas that live in Africa, is endangered. Fewer than 640 mountain gorillas exist in the wild. They live in groups and eat mostly plants. The average male weighs more than and 50 years. pounds and lives between
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OCTOBER
M T
5 12 19 26
6 13 20 27
7 14 21 28
1 8 15 22 29
W T
2 9 16 23 30
3 4 10 11 17 18 24 25 31
Today is Tuesday and Scott has a book report due a week from next Friday. His favorite stories are science fiction. 1. If Scott starts reading a 72-page book on Tuesday, and he reads 9 pages every day, on what day of the week will he finish reading the book?
2. What if Scott reads 10 pages a day?
3. On Thursday, October 2, Scotts teacher announced that three book reports were due by the end of the month on each of the dates that is a multiple of ten. On what days and dates are the book reports due? Day Date
Grade 4
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Chapter 6
Chapter Resources
Book Reports
63
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Flower Power
In the center of each flower below, you will see a range of products. Use your rounding and estimation skills to complete the multiplication problems on the petals so that the answers fall into that range of products. Flower 1 Range of Products: 125150 5 petals:
3
7
3 4
125 150
6
5
5 6 7
Flower 2 Range of Products: 700800 5 petals:

6
10
6 7
700800
9
8
8 9 10
Grade 4
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Chapter 6
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 6
Whats the Problem?

Use the clues to figure out each factor. Write them in the two top boxes. Then multiply and write the product in the third box. 1. Prime number between 25 and 30 Odd number greater than 6 and divisible by 3
2. Letters in multiplication Quarts in a gallon
3. Square number close to 50 Half a dozen
4. Inches in a yard Days in a week
5. Five times eleven Sides of an octagon
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65
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Weekly Sales
OCTOBER
M T
5 12 19 26
6 13 20 27
7 14 21 28
1 8 15 22 29
W T
2 9 16 23 30
3 4 10 11 17 18 24 25 31
Angie has to sell 72 calendars for her school fundraiser. 1. If Angie starts selling on Thursday, and she sells 9 calendars every day, on what day of the week will she sell all of the calendars?
2. What if Angie sells 12 calendars a day?
On Monday, Angies teacher announced that the fundraiser would last for a total of 4 weeks. If Angie sold at a rate of 9 calendars a day, how many would she sell by the end of the fundraiser? Use the calendar to help you find the answer. By Week 1 By Week 2 By Week 3 By Week 4
Grade 4
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Chapter 6
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Chapter Resources
More Multiples
Using only 1, 2, 3, and 6 to make three-digit numbers, find six even multiples of three. (You may not repeat these numerals in the same three-digit number, so numbers like 222 are not allowed.) Write the six even multiples of three in order from least to greatest: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Use them, in that order, to complete these multiplication problems. Then solve the problems. 1. 5 2. 6 3. 9
4. 4
5. 7
6. 8
Grade 4
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Chapter 6
67
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Mental Math Challenge
Choose factors from the box to make true multiplication equations.
3 402 7 306
810 6 4,005 2
5 2,003 4 5,002
608 9 906 8
1.
= 1,206
2.
= 1,530
3.
= 14,021
4.
= 3,240
5.
= 24,030
6.
= 1,836
7.
= 40,016
8.
= 5,472
Grade 4
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Chapter 6
71
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Four-Square
One multiplication problem appears in each four-square below. Find its product. Then fill up the four-square by writing three more problems that have the same product. Use as many multiples of ten as you can.
30 500 =
90 6,000 =
350 70 =
64 800 =
Grade 4
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Chapter 7
72
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Chapter Resources
Weigh Cool
Rounding is a good way to estimate products when you dont need a precise answer. First estimate these products and use > or < to show which package weighs more. Then multiply to check your answers. 37 tons 42 56 tons 21
78 pounds 11
42 pounds 98
87 ounces 84
65 ounces 33
57 kilograms 59
84 kilograms 29
Grade 4
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Chapter 7
73
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Asked and Answered
Almost 2,000 kids went to Camp Guthrie last summer884 boys and 965 girls. Most of them bought clothes at the Guthrie Gift Shop. Write three questions you can ask and answer by multiplying. 1.
2.
3.
Add 3 items to the Guthrie Gift Shop price list. Create two more questions that you can ask and answer by multiplying. Be sure to use the new items in your questions! 4.
5.
Trade with a partner to check each others work.
Grade 4
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Chapter 7
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 7
Fill the Grid

Use a number cube to roll the top two numbers for each multiplication problem in the grid. Trade with a partner to check each others work.
14
35
62
53
89
71
27
94
56
Grade 4
27
75
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Digit Detective
Fill in the missing digits in the multiplication problems below. 1.
83 4 2 1674 33 351 8 4 14 5 5484 4570 5 184 4 7 2430 3 02 36450 6
2.
3 8 5376 2 01 2
4.
536
3.
5 25
7 1 3675 37
6.
75 95 8
5.
3160 790 11 60
Grade 4
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Chapter 7
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Chapter Resources INDEX
Napiers Bones
In the 17th century, John Napier invented a simple calculator that multiplied by adding. Use Napiers Bones to find 49 37. 1. Cut out the ten strips below. Place the 4, 9, and index strips next to each other. 2. Fold the strips so that rows 3 and 7 of the index are next to each other. See how the diagonal lines form a pattern of diagonal columns. 3. To find the product, add the numbers along the diagonal columns starting from the bottom right. The first diagonal (3) is the ones digit. The next diagonal (7 + 6 + 8 = 21) is the tens. Write 1 under the tens column and regroup 2 to the next diagonal. Add the next diagonal, 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8, for the hundreds. The last diagonal (1) is the thousands. So, the product of 49 37 is 1,813. Use the strips to find each product.
1. 57 34 = 4. 32 33 =
2. 61 76 = 5. 94 65 =
3. 85 29 = 6. 56 48 =
9
1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 5 4 6 3 7 2 8 1
8
1 6 2 4 3 2 4 0 4 8 5 6 6 4 7 2
7
1 4 2 1 2 8 3 5 4 2 4 9 5 6 6 3
6
1 2 1 8 2 4 3 0 3 6 4 2 4 8 5 4
5
1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5
4
8 1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4 2 8 3 2 3 6
3
6 9 1 2 1 5 1 8 2 1 2 4 2 7
2
4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Chapter 7
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Eight Million or More
Using the digits 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, write at least 5 multiplication problems with a product of eight million or more. You may not use the same digit more than once in the same problem. Multiply to check your answers.
Using the same digits (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), write at least 5 numbers that round to six million. Round to check your answers.
Now, create a problem for a partner. Choose seven digits. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Create a question. For example, write at least 5 addition problems with a sum less than four million.
Trade with a partner, and complete each others problems.
Grade 4
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Chapter 7
81
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Division Rules
Work across each row of problems to discover a division rule. 36 2 = 42 2 = 12 2 = 54 3 = 48 3 = 30 3 = 3= 3= 3= 2= 2= 2= 36 6 = 42 6 = 12 6 = 54 6 = 48 6 = 30 6 =
Complete this statement: If a number can be divided evenly by 2 and by 3, then it is also divisible by .
Keep in mind 1. All even numbers are divisible by 2.
2. If the sum of the digits in a number is divisible by 3, then the number is divisible by 3.
Circle the numbers that are divisible by 6. 432 746 330 895 546
Grade 4
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Chapter 8
82
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Chapter Resources
Timed Ten
Use a stopwatch or a second hand, to see how quickly you can complete these division chains using mental math. Ready, set, GO! 1. 3,500 70 = 2. 420 6 = 3. 81,000 900 =
10 = 7= 3=
5= 2= Rate Yourself: 5= 5= 90 seconds or less: Mental Mathemagician! 91 119 seconds: Magnificent Multiplier! Two minutes or more: Dawdling Divider! 10 = 10 = 4= 3= 5=
4. 50,000 50 = 5. 560 7 = 6. 64,000 80 = 7. 2,400 8 = 8. 48,000 10 = 9. 5,400 2 = 10. 32,000 80 = 4=
10 = 2=
20 = 6=
60 = 30 = 10 =
Grade 4
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Chapter 8
83
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The Bike Path
The Tollivers live on a bike path. Last Saturday morning, in just five minutes, they counted eleven riders and 26 wheels passing by. There were no unicycles just bicycles and tricycles with one rider each. How many bicycles and tricycles did the Tollilvers see? Use the space below to draw, guess and check, or make a table to find the answer.
Explain your thinking.
Grade 4
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Chapter 8
84
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 8
Estimate Quotients
Estimate. Check your estimate. 1. 7 428 2. 3 605 3. 4 316
4. 9 8,140
5. 5 5,165
6. 8 3,999
7. 6 3,546
8. 2 196
9. 4 85
10. 9 98
11. 8 725
12. 5 5,620
Use the problems above to spell the name of the treasure state. Write the estimated quotient from above beside the matching problem number below. The first one, problem 11, is done for you. Cross out the letters above the quotients with two digits. Circle the letters above the quotients with three or more digits.
H
11. 9.
1
5.
A
10.
N
2. 4.
N
6.
T
8.
O
7. 1.
B
3.
P
12.
Use the circled letters. Unscramble the letters to spell the name of the treasure state, where valuable ore is mined.
Grade 4
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85
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Tricky Tracking
Write and solve a division problem for each set of clues. 1. The quotient is 7. There is no remainder. The dividend is a square number less than 50. 2. The remainder is 2. The quotient is 4. The quotient equals the divisor. 3. The divisor is 3. The quotient is 2 2 2. The remainder is 2. 4. The quotient is 5. The dividend is 48. The remainder is an odd number. 5. The dividend is 65. The remainder is 1. The quotient is between 5 and 10.
Grade 4
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Chapter 8
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Chapter Resources
Puzzling Pennies
1. Start with 27 pennies. Divide them into three equal piles. Now move just six pennies so that one pile has nine more than the other two.
Prove your answer.
2. Place six pennies in two rows as shown: Now move one penny so that you have two rows with four pennies in each row.
Grade 4
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Chapter 8
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Patterns & Similarities
Watch for patterns as you solve these division problems. 1. 9 189 2. 6 144 3. 7 189
What is one way the first three quotients are similar?
4. 2 486
5. 3 486
6. 6 486
What is one way problems 4, 5, & 6 are similar?
7. 9 108
8. 5 65
9. 8 112
What pattern do you see in problems 7, 8 & 9?
10. 5 248
11. 5 722
12. 3 244
What pattern do you see in problems 10, 11 & 12?
Grade 4
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Chapter 8
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Chapter Resources
Strategic Division
Use one-digit divisors to create 20 division problems. Choose divisors carefully to earn points as follows: Zeros in the quotients hundreds place are not worth any points. Zeros in the quotients tens place are worth 2 points. Zeros in the quotients ones place are worth 1 point.
1.
604
2.
781
3.
852
4.
509
5.
619
6.
775
7.
423
8.
170
9.
875
10.
181
11.
363
12.
725
13.
211
14.
321
15.
354
16.
104
17.
545
18.
323
19.
906
20.
806
Zeros in the 10s Place = _____ 2 = _____ Zeros in the 1s Place = _____ 1 = _____ Total Points Earned = _____
Grade 4
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Chapter 8
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Tic-Tac-Toe
Play division tic-tac-toe. First, solve all the division problems.
4 81,332
6 60,624
3 30,737
5 15,102
9 72,275
2 61,279
8 16,726
4 32,364
7 42,284
How many ways can you make tic-tac-toe by finding three problems in a row that all have remainders?
Grade 4
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Chapter 8
91
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Three-Dimensional Figures
Look at the net below. What three-dimensional figure can you make from the net on this page? List two ways to name this three-dimensional figure.
Predict which numbers will be on opposite faces of the solid threedimensional. Use these as factors to write three multiplication sentences and three addition sentences.
Cut out the net and create a three-dimensional figure to check your answers!
6
Challenge: Renumber the faces of the three-dimensional figure so the product of each set of opposite faces is 36.
Grade 4
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Chapter 9
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Chapter Resources
Polygon Challenge
Use the figure above to follow the directions below. 1. Shade the part of the figure that is not a polygon.
2. Name the largest polygon that appears in the figure.
3. Count all the triangles. How many?
4. Name the polygon that appears inside the square.
5. Draw a pentagon inside one of the large triangles. Hint: You can use the sides of the triangle for some of the sides of the pentagon.
6. Count all the rectangles. How many?
Grade 4
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Chapter 9
9-3
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Pentadots
5 dots
10 dots
15 dots
Pentadots are made with dots in the shape of a regular pentagon. It takes 5 dots to make a pentadot with 2 dots per side. It takes 10 dots to make a pentadot with 3 dots per side, 15 dots to make a pentadot with 4 dots per side, and so on. 1. Describe the pattern you see:
2. How many dots will be on each side if the total number of dots is 40? dots
3. How many dots does it take to make a pentadot with 17 dots per side? dots
4. Draw a hexadot, a hexagon with 2 dots per side.
5. How many dots does it take to make a hexadot with 3 dots per side? dots
Grade 4
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Chapter 9
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Chapter Resources
Time for Angles

11 12 1
10 9 8
2 3 4
7 6
Imagine how the hands of the clock would appear at each time listed below. Think about each angle the hands would form as the minute hand moves in a clockwise direction away from the hour hand. Classify each angle by making a checkmark in one of the columns.
Angles
Time 9:00 1:30 4:30 11:00 12:15
Acute
Obtuse
Right
Now fill in a time when the clock is at each given angle.
Time
Angles Acute
Obtuse
Right
Grade 4
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Chapter 9
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Tri This!
Triangles may be classified according to their interior angles: right, acute or obtuse. Triangles may also be classified according to their sides: Scalene triangles have no equal sides. Isosceles triangles have two equal sides. Equilateral triangles have three equal sides. Draw and label at least one of each kind by connecting dots on this grid. (Your triangles may overlap, so use different colors.)
Grade 4
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Chapter 9
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 9
Some or All
Quadrilaterals
Rect. Square
Reg. Polygon
Choose the word some or all to make each statement true. 1.

quadrilaterals have two parallel sides. parallelograms are rectangles. quadrilaterals are polygons. polygons are squares. rectangles have four right angles. squares are rectangles. trapezoids are quadrilaterals. rhombuses are squares. squares are parallelograms. trapezoids have four interior angles.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Grade 4
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97
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Pentomino Puzzle
Pentominoes are special figures made of five squares. They are named for letters in the alphabet that they look like. There are 12 different pentominoes that can be flipped and rotated. Cut out the pentominoes pictured above and use them to completely cover the squares in the grid below. There are more than 1000 ways to solve the puzzle following these rules: Use all twelve pentominoes. Do not overlap any of the pentominoes. Do not leave any squares uncovered.
Grade 4
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Chapter 9
101
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Infinite Possibilities
Does the number line represent the data well? If not, how could you improve it? 1.
1,000 J KL 5,000 10,000
2.
130
B 430
3. How would you make this number line better?
L 283
N 383 483
This timeline shows you some of the major events in Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s lifetime.
Gives I have a Dream Speech
Graduate Morehouse Collage
1929
1948
1953 1958 1955
Publishes Stride Toward Freedom
Earns Doctoral Degree
Marries Corretta Scott
Born in Atlanta, GA
1963 1968 1964
4. How many years passed between Martin Luthar King Jr.s birth and death? 5. If Martin Luther King Jr. had been born in 2008 and lived to be the same age, what year would it be when he died? 6. His wife, Corretta, was born in 1927. How old was she when Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was 19?
Grade 4
12
Assassinated in Memphin, TN
Awarded Nobel Peace Prize
Chapter 10
102
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Chapter Resources
Line up
A E F
C G
D H
Lines can be straight, curved, parallel, perpendicular, horizontal, or vertical. Line segments and rays have end points, and sometimes lines intersect. Read this sentence and decide whether it is true: BF is not parallel to any other line in the figure. Thats true. Now write five more statements that describe the figure. You may use the words in italics and other math vocabulary words that you know.
Grade 4
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Chapter 10
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Principals Office
The principal keeps a dish of mints on her desk. She offered a piece to Sebastian when he turned in $3 he found on the playground. Half of the mints in the bowl had red wrappers. Without looking he grabbed a piece with a yellow wrapper. His chances of doing that again were 3 out of 23. Use the information above to write a reasonable description of the principals bowl of mints.
Grade 4
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Chapter 10
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y A
Chapter Resources
Points and Polygons

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
y 8 7 6 5 G 4 3 F 2 1 0
y 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A F E B C D
A B C
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
Name the polygon that appears on the grid. Then give the ordered pair for each of its vertices.
1.
A E
B F
C G
D H
2.
3.
A E
B F
Grade 4
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Chapter 10
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Tesselations
Color the tessellation accordingly. Should some parts be 2 or more colors? Color each piece every color it can be.
Tessellations are repeating shapes placed side by side. Use triangles, squares, and/or hexagons to make your own tessellation and color it.
Grade 4
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Chapter 10
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 10
Likely or Unlikely
Play this game with a partner. Player A chooses a secret 4-digit number and writes it on a separate sheet of paper. Player B guesses a 4-digit number and writes it in the first row of the guess chart. Player A looks at the guess and then fills in the second chart. Player A tells the number of digits that are correct, AND how many are in the correct position. (For example, the secret number is 1093. The first guess is 6198. The number of correct digits is 2. The number of digits in the correct position is 1.) Based on that information, Player B makes a second guess. Continue playing until the secret number is guessed, or until 10 guesses have been used. Players then switch roles.
After playing a couple of games compare the strategies you used for guessing with your partner.
Guess
Number of Correct Numbers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

37
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Numbers of Digits in the Correct Position
Grade 4
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Cut Ups
Look at the figures below. How can you cut along the grid lines to make two congruent pieces from each figure? Cut out the pieces to test whether each piece is the same size and shape. Or, draw lines where you would cut the figures.
Grade 4
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Chapter 10
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Chapter Resources
Natural Symmetry
Have you ever wondered why kite strings attach to the kite where they do? One of the reasons it is easy to fly a kite, is that kites have bilateral symmetry. This makes them easier to balance and control. Many things in nature have symmetry too. Think about animals that fly. Name three that have natural bilateral symmetry:
1.
2. 3. Draw a picture of two things found in nature that have rotational symmetry.
Grade 4
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Chapter 10
111
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Mathematical Reasoning
How long is your finger? 1. Estimate the length of your index finger without using a ruler.
2. Estimate the length of each of your other fingers.
1 3. If 1 inch is about 2__ centimeters, how many centimeters long is 2 each finger? Use your estimations to calculate this. Estimate the length in centimeters of your index finger.
4. Now use your ruler to find the exact length of your index finger and your other fingers. How close were your estimations?
5. Was there a larger gap between your estimation and the real length when you measured in inches or centimeters? Why?
Grade 4
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Chapter 11
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 11
Walking and Running 1. Andrea went for a walk with her dog. They walked 330 feet east, 40 yards south, 15 yards west, 171 feet south, 285 feet west, and 129 feet north. How many more feet does she need to walk to end in her original position? 2. There are 12 inches in a foot, 3 feet in a yard, and 5,280 feet in a mile. What do all of these numbers have in common?
3. Macie went for a walk and counted her steps. She took 2,030 1 steps. If each of her steps was 2__ feet, how far did she walk in 2 yards?
Try It! How many feet are in one of your steps?
4. Dani, Christi, Mark, and Matteo went for a run together. At different points, each person took a break to walk. Dani ran 15,840 feet, Christi ran 4,400 yards, Mark ran 7,920 feet, and Matteo ran 7,040 yards. Draw a diagram to represent how far each person ran before he or she started to walk.
Grade 4
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113
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Concrete Squares
1. Three congruent squares of concrete are placed next to each other to form a rectangular walkway. The perimeter of the concrete path is 24 feet. A. What are the dimensions of the rectangular walkway? B. How much area does it cover?
2. Centered inside each of the concrete squares is a circle that has a diameter of 2 feet. The circumference of the circle is marked with a wavy line. A. About how long is each wavy line?
B. How close to the edge of the concrete square does the wavy line ever get?
Grade 4
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Chapter 11
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Chapter Resources
Chapter 11
What Am I? 1. I am bigger than a millimeter, but smaller than a kilometer, what am I? 2. I am measured in meters and am known for my long neck. I live in Africa, what am I? 3. I am measured in kilometers. People practice and practice to be able to complete me. I occur all over the world, but am especially well known in Boston, Massachusetts. What am I?
4. I am pretty small. You could use millimeters or centimeters to measure me. I grow on your body and some people paint me.
What am I? 5. I am found in the kitchen and am used to cook things quickly. I am perfect for popcorn. Measure me in centimeters.
6. I am measured in centimeters and grow on the side of your head.
7. I am long and thin. Use me to water the flowers in the garden. Measure me in meters.
1. 5. 6. 4. 7. 3. 2.
Grade 4
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115
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Perimeter Puzzles
Each square at the right is divided into three regions. Each region has a perimeter of 8 units. The square at the right is divided into two regions. Each region has a perimeter of 10 units. Divide each square below into the number of regions with the perimeter given. Try to do this in two different ways. 1. Number of regions: 4 Perimeter of each region: 10
2. Number of regions: 5 Perimeter of each region: 12
3. Number of regions: 6 Perimeter of each region: 12
Grade 4
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Chapter 11
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Chapter Resources
Dive In
Jeremys family has a square swimming pool. A rope runs from the middle of one side to the middle of the opposite side to divide the shallow half from the deep half. One side of the pool is 30 feet long. 1. What is the perimeter of the swimming pool?
2. What is the surface area of the deep end?
3. What is the surface area of the entire pool?
4. What is the perimeter of the shallow end?
Katies family also has a swimming pool. Her familys pool has a shallow end that is twice as long as the shallow end of Jeremys pool. 5. What is the perimeter of Katies pool?
6. What is the surface area of Katies pool?
7. What is the perimeter of the shallow end of Katies pool?
Grade 4
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Chapter 11
117
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Three-Dimensional Drawings
You can draw a picture of a cube by lightly drawing two squares that overlap, and connecting the corners with diagonal lines.
1. On the left below draw a picture of a cube that would have a surface area of 6 square inches. Use a ruler to measure the line segments to make your drawing as accurate as possible. 2. On the right below, draw a cube that would have four times as much surface area.
Grade 4
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Chapter 11
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Chapter Resources
10 0 10 70 60 50
Swapping Units There is a specific calculation to change a degrees Fahrenheit temperature into degrees Celsius. There is also a simple way to estimate the conversion. To Estimate: If you are changing from Celsius to Fahrenheit, double the number and add 30. C 2 + 30 = F If you are changing from Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 30 and divide by 2. (F 30) 2 = C This estimation works well for some temperatures, but not all. Determine whether or not the estimation technique is reliable for the following temperatures. 1. 44C
170 160 150 140 130 120 50 60 70
2. 5C
60 50 40 30 20
170
3. 70 F
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10
4. 350 F
160 150 140 130 120
5. What relationship do you notice between the numbers and the reliability?
Grade 4
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Chapter 11
121
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How Much Water Do You Use?
Here is a chart that shows Catalinas familys water bills for the past year. Catalinas Water Bills Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Price of Bill $18.25 $19.75 $18.00 $17.20 $19.90 $21.05 $18.15 $19.50 $16.75 $17.80 $20.50 $19.30
1. There are 4 people in Catalinas family. If each person uses the same amount of water, how much is Catalinas portion of the water bill in March? 2. If a gallon of water costs a penny, how many gallons of water did Catalinas family use in July? 3. If a gallon of water costs half a penny, how many gallons of water did Catalinas family use in November? 4. Use the chart above to estimate the gallons of water Catalinas whole family would use in a month. Do you think the price of water is closer to a penny or half a penny per gallon?
5. Did Catalinas family use more water in the first or second half of the year?
Grade 4
12
Chapter 12
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Chapter Resources
Fill It Up!
Describe about how much the amount given would fill up the container shown.
1. 48 cups
2. 1 cup
5 gal fish tank
16 oz shampoo bottle
3. 120 fluid ounces

4. 30 pints
Paint 5 gal. 1 gal milk jug 5 gal can of paint
5. 4 cups
6. 100 cups
4 quart pot
20 gal barrel
Grade 4
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Chapter 12
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The Price is Right
Pete is having a big party and wants to be sure to get the best deal on the drinks he is buying. Help him figure out what is the best deal. Arrange the sets of items from least to most expensive PER LITER to find the secret message. 1. $1.50 for 2 L Soda 2. $1.10 for 1 L apple juice 3. $2.50 for 2 L water 4. $1.50 for 1 L water 5. $3.50 for 4 L soda 6. $2.50 for 3 L apple juice 7. $4.50 for 6 L fruit punch 8. $5.00 for 8.5 L soda 9. $3.00 for 2 L fruit punch Soda t , u , | r c Apple Juice , | j f Water , | i i Fruit Punch , u e 9 8 2 7 4 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Americans consume 42.8 liters of 3 5 1 per person, per year.
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Chapter 12
Pumping Iron
The origins of modern weightlifting can be dated back to the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, some professional weightlifters can lift barbells over 1,000 pounds. 1. Chris has decided to start lifting weights. He begins by lifting 22 pound weights. About how much more does he have to lift to reach 1,000 pounds? 2. In three years, Chris plans to be lifting 100 more pounds than he is now. If he follows his plan, how far will he be from 1,000 pounds? 3. When professional weightlifters train, they lift a smaller amount of weight multiple times (called reps, which is short for repetitions). This increases their muscle mass more quickly. Below is a weightlifters training plan. Fill in the table.
Training Plan Goal Weight (X) 5 reps (X - 125) 2 reps (X - 75) 1 rep (X - 25) Week 1 650 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 715 Week 5 705 550 625
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Missing Information?
Here are two different tables. Write 2 problem solving questions for each table. The questions may or may not be written with the idea that those solving them would not have all the information provided in the tables.
Baseball Practice Monday Throw and Catch Hitting Fielding Running

1.
Tuesday 25 min 5:205:55 35 min 6:307:05
Wednesday 1:402:00 2:002:45 2:453:00 15 min
Thursday 4:155:15 25 min 20 min 30 min
Friday 20 min 30 min 2:052:45 2:453:15
2:152:45 2:453:15 3:154:00 4:004:15
2.
Rock, Paper, Scissors Rock Peter Ada Renee

1.
Paper
Scissors

2.
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Chapter 12
Converting Weights
Alita and John were in a race to see which team could collect more water in a bucket. To play, each team lined up next to the first bucket. One at a time, each player dipped the sponge into the bucket, raced to the other bucket, and squeezed the water into it. The team with more water in the second bucket, after 2 minutes of playing, won. They played 5 times.
The results looked like this every time:
Because it was so close, they decided to measure the weight of the water. Which team won each round?
Alitas Team Johns Team

Who Won? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5
4 lb 3 lb 67 oz 3 lb 74 oz
66 oz 55 oz 4 lb 50 oz 4 lb
6. If they determined who won by totaling the weight of all the water collected, would the results change? Why?
7. Change the weights of the water collected so that Alitaa team still wins 3 out of 5, but Johns team wins the total.
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Use what you know to convert grams to kilograms. Animal Giraffe Elephant Hippopotamus Blue whale Salmon Mountain lion Goldfish Fly 6. 7. 2g 8. 4. 5,500 g 5. 45 kg
Mass in Grams 1. 2,300,000 g 2,000,000 g 2. 3.
Mass in Kilograms 1,000 kg
120,000 kg
0.01 kg
9. Order these animals from greatest mass to least mass.
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Chapter 12
Estimate and Measure Volume

Make your own paper cube where the edges are 2 inches long.
1. If you made cubes where the edges were 1 inch long, how many would fit inside the 2 inch cube?
1 2. If you made cubes where the edges were __ inch long, how many 2 would fit inside the 2 inch cube?
3. If your 2 inch cube was 4 inches instead, how many 2 inch cubes would fit inside the 4 inch cube?
4. How many 1 inch cubes would fit inside the 4 inch cube?
1 5. How many __ inch cubes would fit inside the 4 inch cube? 2
6. Explain how you solved Exercise 5.
7. Explain a pattern you see in these numbers.
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Graphs That Curve
Many graphs have straight lines. But graphs can also be made up of points that make curved lines. Look for a pattern in these ordered pairs. (2, 18) (3, 12) (6, 6) (9, 4) The numbers in each ordered pair have the same product. When you multiply the numbers you get 36. 1. Find ten different ordered pairs with a product of 36. You may use whole and decimal numbers. 2. Mark a dot for each ordered pair on the grid. Then connect the dots. You will make a curved line graph. The dots for (1, 36) and (36, 1) wont fit on this grid, but you can imagine them.
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3. Explain why the ordered pair (3.6, 10) belongs on this graph.
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Elapsed Time
James, Jamal, and Josie were in a jalapeno eating contest. How did they compare to the professionals also participating in the contest? Number of Jalapenos Eaten Each Minute 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 11 5 12 12 12 15 3 10 12 12 35 43 8 20 30 35 6 11 25 33 4 13 22 36 12 7 25 35 15 15 30 10 10 18 40 4
James Jamal
Total 86 77 104 243 236
Josie 8 Professional 1 36 Professional 2 40
1. If the contest started at 4:25, what time did it finish? 2. If the contest started at 5:23, by what time had Jamal finished
40 jalapenos? 3. In the third minute, how many seconds did it take Josie to eat each jalapeno? 4. In the third minute, how many seconds did it take Professional 1 to eat each jalapeno? 5. In the third minute, how many seconds did it take James to eat each jalapeno? 6. Find the median number of jalapenos James ate each minute. If he ate at this rate for all 8 minutes, how many jalapenos would he have eaten? How many would he have eaten each second?
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Stained Glass Door
An artist decided to use stained glass panes in his front door. Read all the color clues first. Then use a colored pencil or a crayon to color the panes.
Color Clues
One-eighth of the panes are red. Four-eighths of the panes are blue, and none of them are in the top half. Two-eighths of the panes are yellow. They have no sides in common. The whole door contains eight stained glass panes: red, yellow, green, or blue.
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Chapter 13
Name That Part

Write the fraction represented by each idea below.
2
For example, two stars on the American flag is _ or _. 50 25

1
1. One day a week
2. Three months in a year
3. Eight toes on two feet
4. Two legs on a spider
5. Ten minutes in an hour
6. The left shoe of a pair
7. One flat tire on a car
8. Twelve inches of a yard
9. Three arms on an octopus
10. The color yellow on a traffic light
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For the Birds
Use the information to answer the questions. - An eagle can fly 40 miles to her home in the woods in one hour. - A robin can cover a quarter of the distance in the same amount of time. 2 - An eagle flies __ as fast as a falcon. 3 - A falcon flies at twice the speed of an owl. 3 - A crow covers __ as much distance as an eagle does in one hour. 4
1. How far can a robin fly in sixty minutes?
2. Which two birds travel at half the speed of a falcon?
3. How fast does the falcon fly?
4. How many miles can a crow fly in half an hour?
5. What fraction tells how fast the robin flies compared to the crow?
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Chapter 13
Matching Models
Write a fraction that names the shaded part of each figure. Draw lines to connect the equivalent fractions.
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Just Five
Use only the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 to fill in as many circles as you can to make each number sentence true.
1.
<
2.
>
3.
4.
>
5.
6.
<
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Chapter 13
Model Mixed Numbers

Mixed numbers are whole numbers and fractions. Improper fractions have numerators that are equal to or greater than their denominators. 1. In the space below, draw a picture of some kind of food to show 5 1 that 2__ = __. 2 2
20 1 2. In the space below, explain how you know that ___ = 3__. (You 3 6 may want to use pictures or some of the terms above.)
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Fourth-Graders
There are 48 fourth-graders at Holt Crossing Elementary School. Read all the clues first. Then figure out the number of students for each fraction. Write the number in the circle.
1. One-fourth of the boys play basketball.
2. Two-thirds of the students are boys.
3. Half of the students wear tennis shoes every day.
4. One-fourth of the girls wear their hair in braids.

5. One-third of the students who arent wearing tennis shoes are wearing boots.
6. One-eighth of the girls are blond.
7. Three-eighths of the girls play soccer.
8. Three-fourths of the students love math.
9. One-fourth of the students wore red socks last Tuesday.
10. When 8 students were sick, one-fifth of the remaining students sent cards to them.
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Decimal Color
Look at these base ten models. There are 4 large whole squares. Each square is made up of 100 small squares. There are 10 rows of 10 small squares. Color the models to represent these three numbers. 0.25 red 0.76 yellow 1.58 blue
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Say What?
We use tenths and hundredths to talk about money and distance, and more. Translate the underlined part of each expression into a decimal. Expression 1. The rope is three-and-a-half meters long. 2. Sophia spent five dollars and thirty-seven cents. 3. Jerry ran the mile in four minutes flat. 4. The patients temperature is ninety-eight point six. 5. We used two-and-a-quarter pounds of ground beef. 6. The punch recipe calls for one-and-a-fourth liters of club soda. 7. Harvey lives ten-and-a-half blocks away. 8. Kelly cycled three-quarters of the way across the state. 9. The plane flew at a speed of five hundred point six miles per hour. 10. The birthday present costs a hundred dollars and fifty cents. Decimal
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Number Squares
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
Use the numbers in the box to complete the magic square below. A square is magic if the numbers in every row, every column, and both diagonals add up to the same number. In this case the sum is 7.2.
2.4
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Chapter 14
Order it Up!
Adella is looking back at her calendar from the last 2 years. Help her organize the major events. Examine the dates given to you and plot the data on the timeline. Adellas Major Events 2006 February 2007-Piano recital May 2006-Softball tournament January 2006-Family ski trip October 2007-Dance recital July 2007-In the hospital November 2006-Bought a puppy
2008
April 2007-Trip to Florida September 2007-Cowboys game
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National Parks A to Z
National Park Maine
Utah
From Acadia National Park (in Maine) to Zion National Park (in Utah) the National Park Service manages 84.6 million acres of national park land. Circle the letter of the lesser number in each pair. Then use the circled letters to spell the name of a well-known national park.
1.
C 4.52 G 0.75 O 1.02 V 0.10 A 0.86 E 0.23
S 4.25 L 0.68 H 2.01 W 0.02 L 0.68 I 2.23
2.
E 0.1 M 3.45 R 0.44 Y 0.28 O 3.96
A 0.18 N 2.34 T 0.40 Z 0.3 R 6.93
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
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Chapter Resources
Two Heads
There are 3 quarters, 4 dimes, 5 nickels and 6 pennies in the pile of coins. Theres an old saying that two heads are better than one for solving problems. Work on this with a partner. 1. You and your partner each choose 1 coin. Add their value. Use a decimal to write the sum as a dollar value.
2. You and your partner each choose 2 coins. Add their value. Use a decimal to write the sum as a dollar value.
5. How much money is in the pile of coins?

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Tricky Triangle
The base of this triangle is a number line. Fill up the triangle by writing a decimal (D), fraction (F), or a mixed number (M) to identify each location on the number line. 4.
3. 5. 2. 6. 1. 7. 0 1. (D) 2. (F) 1 3. (M) 4. (M) 2 5. (D) 6. (D) 3 7. (M)
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Chapter 14
Decimals, Fractions, and Mixed Numbers

Many consider Muhammad Ali the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time. He first came to prominence at the 1960 Summer Olympics when he won a gold medal in boxing. Muhammad Ali often talked about his boxing style. Discover one of his most famous quotes by renaming the decimals as fractions in simplest form. Then use the code key to find the letter that matches each fraction. Write the letter on the line above the decimal. 0.125 0.55 0.75 0.08 0.5 0.55 0.38 0.15 0.625 0.08
0.875 0.16
0.5
0.5
0.625
0.58 0.125 0.55
0.3
0.25
0.5
0.38
0.4
0.35
0.55 0.38
0.15 0.625
0.08
2 A ___ 25 7 B __ 8 9 C ___ 40 1 D __ 5 5 E __ 8 1 F __ 8
0.875 0.625 0.625.

7 G ___ 20 17 H ___ 20 19 I ___ 50 1 J ___ 10 3 K ___ 20 11 L ___ 20 1 M ___ 25 2 N __ 5 3 O __ 4 9 P ___ 10 13 Q ___ 25 29 R ___ 50 1 S __ 4 1 T __ 2 4 U ___ 25 4 V __ 5 49 W ___ 50 5 X __ 8 3 Y ___ 10 3 Z ___ 50
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Mystery Numbers
Use the clues to solve each riddle. Circle the mystery number. 1. Round me to the nearest whole number. You get 5. Round me to the nearest tenth. You get 5.3. Round me to the nearest hundredth. You get 5.32. What number am I? 5.316 5.295 5.334
2. Round me to the nearest whole number. You get 12. Round me to the nearest tenth. You get 12.5. Round me to the nearest hundredth. You get 12.48. What number am I? 12.557 12.479 12.486
6. Round me to the nearest whole number. You get 203. Round me to the nearest tenth. You get 203.5. The sum of my digits is 20. What number am I? 203.456 203.458 203.566
Create and exchange your own mystery number puzzles with a partner.
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Off the Shelf
Use estimation skills to choose decimals from the shelf to make each equation true. You may use the numbers on the shelf more than once.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Grade 4
+ + + + + 17
= = = = = = = = = =
0.46 3.31 0.5 0.12 2.2 0.66 0.7 0.29 0.3 0.2
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Magic Square
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
A square is magic if the numbers in every row, every column, and both diagonals add up to the same number. In this case the sum is 7.2. Use the numbers in the box to complete the magic square below.
2.4
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Chapter Resources
Towering Decimals
London, England
Paris, France
1. The Eiffel Tower opened in 1889. Since that time more than 200 million visitors have climbed the tower while in Paris, France. Add up all the number of visitors between 2000 and 2005. (Hint: Be sure to line up the decimal points.) 20005.8 million, 20015.7 million, 20025.8 million, 20035.9 million, 20046.1 million, 20056.4 million
2. The Tower of London located on the Thames River is more than 900 years old and has had about 3 million visitors. Add up all the numbers of visitors between 2000 and 2005. (Hint: Be sure to line up the decimal points.) 20000.7 million, 20010.65 million, 20020.78 million, 20030.79 million, 20040.8 million, 20050.72 million
3. How many more people visited the Eiffel Tower than the Tower of London between 2000 and 2005?
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Tall Story Problem
0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.8
0.12 0.11 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.14
0.18 0.17 0.16
These decimal numbers dwell in buildings that are one story, two stories, or three stories tall. The buildings all over town follow the same pattern. 1. On which floor does the number 1 live? 1st floor
2nd floor 3rd floor Explain your thinking.
2. Describe the kinds of numbers that live on the third floor.
3. Describe the kinds of numbers that live on the second floor.
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Chapter 15
Right on Target
Subtract the decimal in the center from each decimal in the middle ring. Write the answers in the outer ring. Be sure to line up the decimal points. 1. 2.
1.0 0.5 0.86
2.3
1.0 0.62
3.41
0.6
0.9
0.75
3.
4.
1.0 0.25 3.25
2.5
1.0 0.08
6.21
4.7
0.5
0.88
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11

Write it in expanded form:

7,000,000 + 300,000 + 10,000 + 5,000 + 800 + 80 + 2

2. About how old would you be if you lived a million hours?

3. About how old would you be if you lived a million days?

4. About how old would you be if you lived a million weeks?

5. About how many months is a million weeks?

6. About how many years is a million months?

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

(4 + 2) (5 + 3) (10 + 1) (5 - 1) (12 + 12) (9 + 8) (9 - 7) (8 + 6) (7 + 8) (3 + 4) 27

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Pasta Spaghetti Macaroni Fettuccini Spiral Angel Hair

FFD + IBH ACB

DAE + HGH EFEJ

IEC - EGF EDF

DAA - JEF EDB

Across and Down

Look at this example:

15, 30, 29, 44

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. 56, 20, 36, 40

3. 13, 27, 21, 19

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Trade with a partner to check each others work.

Area Code Sums

209 310 408 415

510 559 619 626

707 714 805 818

214 254 281 409 512

713 806 817 830

915 936 972 979

TWELVE PLUS ONE

2. What two-digit number spells its name in alphabetical order?

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Two Weeks of Weather

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Did they change? Why or why not?

Complete this table and use it to solve the problem.

Critters Spider Legs Insect Legs

Animals Dog Legs Bird Legs

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

How Far We Stretched Our Gum

Average number of books read

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

f. You have 3 clean shirts and 3 clean pairs of pants.

1. The weatherman predicts a 75% chance of snow.

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Your uncle buys one lottery ticket and wins $1,000,000.

3. Tuesday will follow Monday next week.

4. Lewis flips a coin and gets tails.

Look at this example:

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Five Plus One

2. Any number times

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

property helps us know that

4. When any number except zero is divided by itself, the is one.

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Multiples of Eleven and Twelve

Describe at least one pattern that you notice.

Copyright Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Describe at least one pattern that you notice.