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Services

Copyright Alvarion Ltd.

Objectives

Upon completion of this module students will know the following:

Understand and use the services Create and configure basic services

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Service Provisioning

Service is virtual connections, connecting subscribers applications to a network resource The services are implemented as IEEE 802.16 connections within the wireless domain

switch

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Service Provisioning

Service type

L2 (layer 2) Service:

Transports Layer 2 (Ethernet) frames between subscriber's site and the


backbone

Can connect several subscribers sites


PPPoE:

Provides connectivity between a PPPoE client ( workstations at the


subscriber's site), and PPPoE Server behind the Base Station

The frames are forwarded only between the Subscribers PCs and the PPPoE
Access Concentrator

Frames that do not contain PPPoE Ethernet type are discarded


Voice Service

VoIP service is designed for Alvarions Voice Gateways, using the proprietary
DRAP signaling protocol

Service will be for voice only and will not transfer any data It is allowing only ARP, DHCP and DRAP discovery packets

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Service Parameters

E Hub / Sw

Service = 2nd Street SQUARE Co.

Defining the QoS threads Classifying threads to priority (priority classifier) Forwarding rules Service profile Subscriber (e.g. John smith, ABC Ltd.)

Hub / Switch

Service connecting to a specific SU


QoS 2 Name NRT3M NRT CIR 3000 MIR 4000 QoS 3 Name BE64 BE- MIR 64 QoS 1 Name RT 4M RTCIR 4000 Internet

Hub / Switch

Service Structure

The following are the service parameters


Subscribers Service

Service Profile

SU MAC Address

Priority Classifier

Forwarding Rules

QoS
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QoS Parameters - QoS Type


QoS Type (CG, RT, NRT, BE) The grant to transmit is prioritized in the following order: CG, RT, NRT and BE Different QoS profile types are available to support different service requirements:
CG :

Non Variable bit rate Use VoIP, E1/T1 Guaranteed Rate ; delay Service parameters:

Packet size Sampling rate


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QoS Parameters - CT

CT Committed Time- RT and NRT QoS Types The CT parameter defines the time window where the configured bandwidth (CIR or MIR) is measured Used to prioritize bandwidth allocation A shorter CT gets higher priority The Values are Short (50ms), Medium (100ms), and Long (200ms)

T0 BW? CT Short (50ms) T1 BW? CT Long (200ms) T2 BW?

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QoS Parameters - QoS Type


RT :

Variable bit rate Use - streaming video or audio Guaranteed Rate ; delay Service parameters:

committed information rate (CIR) range 0 - 12,000 Kbps

committed time (CT)

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QoS Parameters - QoS Type


NRT :

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Variable bit rate Use - file transfer and Internet access Guaranteed Rate Service parameters:

committed information rate (CIR) range 0 - 12,000 Kbps

committed time (CT) Maximum Information Rate (MIR)


- range 1 - 12,000 Kbps

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QoS Parameters - QoS Type


BE :

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Guaranteed Nothing Service parameters:

Maximum Information Rate (MIR)


- range 1 - 12,000 Kbps

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Service Configuration

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QoS

Subscribers

Service

(QoS Profile) Name - 32 printable characters QoS Type for DATA (RT, NRT or BE) External Voice Non DRAP (CG) Packet Size (Bytes) Sample Interval (msec) CT (Long, Medium or Short) CIR (Kbps) - depends on the QoS Type MIR (Kbps) - depends on the QoS Type CG

Service Profile

SU MAC Address

Priority Classifier

Forwarding Rules

QoS

QoS 2 Name RT4M

RT NRT BE

RT CIR 4000
QoS 3 Name BE64 BE- MIR 64 QoS 1 Name NRT3M NRTCIR 3000 MIR 4000

Service Configuration
Priority

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classifier

Subscribers

Service

(Priority classifier Profile) Name Priority Type (802.1p or DSCP) Uplink Upper Priority Limits Uplink QoS Profiles Downlink Upper Priority Limits Downlink QoS Profiles
CG RT NRT BE
Range 6-7
Priority Classifier

Service Profile

SU MAC Address

Forwarding Rules

QoS

Range 3-5 Range 2-2 Range 0-1

Service Configuration
Forwarding

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Rules

Subscribers

Service

Type (L2,PPPoE,Voice) (Forwarding Rules Profile) Name Unicast Relaying (disabled in PPPoE) Multicast Relaying (disabled in PPPoE) Unknown Address Forwarding Policy Multicast VLAN ID (Not required) Multicast QoS Profile
D A B Hub / Switch C

Service Profile

SU MAC Address

Priority Classifier

Forwarding Rules

QoS

E Hub / Sw

F K L

Yes/no ? QoS ? VLAN ID ?

Hub / Switch

The Forwarding rule controls the Broadcast domain behavior

Broadcasts Domains

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One broadcast domain Only a router divides broadcast domains

Broadcast Domain B

The frames arrives to all devices in the same broadcast domain

Broadcast Domain A

Broadcasts Domains and BreezeMAX


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One broadcast domain is optional The base station can divides the wireless medium to different broadcast domains

Broadcast Domain B

In this scenario the frames arrives to all devices in Broadcast Domain A

Broadcast Domain A

Broadcasts Domains and Forwarding Rules

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The wireless medium is divided into two broadcast domains by configuring two different Forwarding Rules

Broadcast Domain B

The frames arrives to all devices in the same broadcast domain

Broadcast Domain A2

Forwarding Rules Example #1

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Broadcast arriving from the backbone are transmitted to all SUs

Broadcast Domain B

Broadcast Domain A

Forwarding Rules Example #2

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Broadcast arriving from the backbone are transmitted only to SUs sharing the same forwarding rules

Broadcast Domain B

Broadcast Domain A2

Forwarding Rules Example #3

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Unicast originated by a user intended to other user in the same wireless medium is forwarded by the BS to its destination

Broadcast Domain B

In this example the Unicast Relay parameter is Enabled

Broadcast Domain A

Forwarding Rules Example #4

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Unicast originated by a user intended to other user in the same wireless medium is NOT forwarded by the BS to its destination

Broadcast Domain B

In this example the Unicast Relay parameter is Disabled

Broadcast Domain A

Forwarding Rules Example #5

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Broadcast originated by a user is forwarded to the backbone

Broadcast Domain B

It is also transmitted to all other SUs that share the same Forwarding Rules In this example the Broadcast Relay parameter is Enabled

Broadcast Domain A

Forwarding Rules Example #6

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Broadcast originated by a user is forwarded to the backbone

Broadcast Domain B

It is NOT transmitted to other SUs that share the same Forwarding Rules In this example the Broadcast Relay parameter is Disabled

Broadcast Domain A

Forwarding Rules Example #7

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Frames arriving from the backbone and the destination MAC address wasnt learned by the BS are transmitted to all SUs

Broadcast Domain B

Only when the Unknown Forwarding Policy parameter is set to Forward

Broadcast Domain A

Forwarding Rules Example #8

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Frames arriving from the backbone and the destination MAC address wasnt learned by the BS are discarded

Broadcast Domain B

When the Unknown Forwarding Policy parameter is set to Reject

Broadcast Domain A

Service Configuration
Service

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Profile

Subscribers

Service

Service Type (Layer 2, PPPoE or Voice) (Service Profile) Name VLAN Transparency Mode (ON/OFF) VPL ID Forwarding Rule (Name)
QoS
Priority Classifier Forwarding Rules

Service Profile

SU MAC Address

Priority classifier Profile (Name) Maximum Number of Voice Calls Priority Marking Mode (Transparent, 802.1p or DSCP)
H E Hub / Sw F K

Hub / Switch

Hub / Switch

Priority marking ? VLAN/VPL ID ?

Service Profile Parameters Priority Marking

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Only 802.1p marking (at the BS) is supported when using PPPoE services The priority marking is performed only on the Uplink traffic
H E Hub / Sw F K L

Uplink
D A B

Hub / Switch

Hub / Switch

Service Profile parameters Priority Marking


VLN Trans =ON
LA Switc h

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Available values Transparent ; 802.1Q ; DSCP

Priority = Trans
VLAN=100 Priority=5

Transparent Keeps the original value 802.1Q Adds/Changes (if already exists) a value (0-7) DSCP Adds/Changes (if already exists) a value (0-63)

VPL =100 Priority=5

VLN Trans = OFF; VPL=10 Priority = Trans


VLAN=100 Priority=5

LA Switc h

Combination with VLAN transparent Mode

VPL =10 Priority=5

Transparent Mode OFF

VPL as VLAN ID & Priority Value IF NO VPL VLAN ID =0 & Priority


Transparent Mode ON

VLN Trans = OFF; VPL=10 Priority = 802.1Q value 2


VLAN=100 Priority=5

LA Switc h

Original VLAN ID & New Priority

VPL =10
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Priority=2

Service Configuration
Subscriber

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Subscribers

Service

(Subscriber) Name First Name Last Name Description Admin Status (Enabled or Disabled)
QoS
D A B

Service Profile

SU MAC Address

Priority Classifier

Forwarding Rules

A common misconception NOT THE END USER

Hub / Switch

X XX
This parameter is for management purpose

E Hub / Sw

F K L

Subscriber is the entity that pays for using the infrastructure

Hub / Switch

Service Configuration
Services

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Subscribers

Service

(Service) Name SU MAC Address Subscriber Name Service Profile Name VLAN List Hybrid VLAN Mode Admin Status (Enabled or Disabled)
Priority Classifier

Service Profile

SU MAC Address

Forwarding Rules

QoS

Identifying Groups of Users

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VLAN tags - identify packets as being generated / intended for specific groups of users No VLAN - is one of the valid VLAN tags

Hub / Switch

In the backbone

VLAN 5
H F K L

VPL (Virtual Private Link) tags - identify packets as being generated or intended for specific groups of users No VPL tag - is also one of the valid VPL tags VLAN to VPL translation tables must be defined

E Hub / Sw

Hub / Switch

VLAN X = VPL Y

Identifying Groups of Users

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Service

SPF
SPFDataA

VLAN 5 2 9,3,4

2nd st. - Voice 2rd st. Data all 2rd st. - Data

SPFVoice

SPFData

Ethernet frame VLAN ID no 5

Identifying Specific QoS - 802.1p / DSCP


Priority fields type (classifiers): IEEE 802.1p (0-7) DSCP (0-63)
Priority classifier QoS types Group #2 (802.1p) DL RT4M NRT3M BE64 val. 2 val. 7 0 UL val. 5 val. 7 0

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Name RT4M RT CIR 4000


Name BE64 BE- MIR 64 Name Gold NRTCIR 3000 MIR 4000

Ethernet frame priority 802.1p no 5

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

According to the following Topology:

Square A and H can communicate with each other A is getting Data in 1.5M H is getting Data in 1.5M and voice The ISP Is using VLAN 101 but the Local network
is for A VLAN 20 ; H VLAN 320

Circle Using a PPPoE client

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Square configuration:

QoS

Type : NRT Name : 1500_NRT CT : medium CIR : 1500 MIR : 3000 (anything over the CIR to 12000)

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Square configuration:

Priority Classifier

Name : NRT_1500 (can be anything) Priority Type : 802.1Q UL Priority Range : 7 (0-7) UL QoS Profile : 1500_NRT (was configured last slide) DL Priority Range : 7 (0-7) DL QoS Profile : 1500_NRT (was configured last slide)

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Square configuration:

Forwarding Rule

Type:L2 Name : FWD_AllowBc (can be anything) Unicast relaying : Enable Multicast relaying : Enable Unknown Forwarding Policy: Forward Multicast VLAN ID: <empty> Multicast QoS Profile: 1500_NRT (was configured two slide ago)

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Square configuration:

Service Profile

Type : L2 Name : Alpha (can be anything) VLAN transparency mode :OFF VPL ID : 101 Forwarding Rule : FWD_AllowBc Priority Classifier : NRT_1500 Max Number of Voice Calls : 2 (for each VG port) Priority Marking Mode : Transparent

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Square configuration:

Subscriber

Name : Square (can be anything) First Name :Albert (can be anything) Multicast relaying : Varion (can be anything) Description : The Northern ISP (can be anything) Admin Status : Enable

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Square configuration:

Services

Name : SecondStreet (can be anything) SU MAC Address : 00-e7-64-62-08-4e (the SU-SI Mac) Subscriber Name : Square (was configured last slide) Service Profile Name : Alpha ( was configured ) VLAN list : < 20 > Hybrid VLAN Mode : OFF VLAN Classification Mode : OFF Access VLAN : < > Admin Status : <Enable>

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

After completing the last steps this is the current situation What Should be Changed to create the second GREEN Service?

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Square configuration:

Services

Name : ThirdStreet (can be anything) SU MAC Address : 00-e7-00-34-a5-86 (the SU-Pro Mac) Subscriber Name : Square (was configured last slide) Service Profile Name : Alpha ( was configured ) VLAN list : < 320 > Hybrid VLAN Mode : OFF VLAN Classification Mode : OFF Access VLAN : < > Admin Status : <Enable>

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta SPF=Beta

Circle configuration:

Forwarding Rule

Type:PPPoE Name : FWD_PPPoE (can be anything) Unicast relaying :Disable (Automatic) Multicast relaying : Disable (Automatic) Unknown Forwarding Policy: Reject (Automatic) Multicast VLAN ID: <empty> Multicast QoS Profile: 1500_NRT (was configured two slide ago)

Service Configuration - Example

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta SPF=Beta

Circle configuration:

Service Profile

Type : PPPoE Name : Beta (can be anything) VLAN transparency mode :OFF VPL ID : 101 Forwarding Rule : FWD_PPPoE Priority Classifier : NRT_1500 Max Number of Voice Calls : 0 Automatic Priority Marking Mode : Transparent

Service Configuration - Example


A

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta SPF=Beta

Circle configuration:

Services

Name : ThirdStreet (can be anything) SU MAC Address : 00-e7-00-34-a5-86 (the SU-Pro Mac) Subscriber Name : Circle (was configured last slide) Service Profile Name : Beta ( was configured ) VLAN list : < > Hybrid VLAN Mode : OFF VLAN Classification Mode : OFF Access VLAN : < > Admin Status : <Enable>

Connection Identifier (CID)

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Services Street - SQUARE Co. and 3rd Street - SQUARE Co. are associated with Service Profile ALPHA Service Profile ALPHA is associated with Group #2 priority classifier Within Group #2 there are 6 different QoS reservations (QoS #1 - DL, QoS #1 - UL, QoS #2 - DL, QoS #2 - UL, QoS #4 - UL, QoS #4 - UL)
Service 2nd st. - SQUARE Co. 3rd st. - SQUARE Co. 3rd st. - CIRCLE Co. SPF ALPHA ALPHA BETA VLAN square square circle ALPHA BETA SPF Priority classifier group #2 group #3

2nd

Priority classifier QoS types Group #2 (802.1p) DL QoS #1 QoS #2 QoS #3 QoS #4 val. 0 val. 7 val. 3 UL val. 5 val. 7 val. 2 Group #3 (DSCP) DL val. 63 val. 5 val. 2 UL val. 63 val. 44 val. 2 -

Connection Identifier (CID)

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D SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha H E Hub / Sw F

SPF=Beta

Service 3rd Street - CIRCLE Co. is associated with Service Profile BETA Service Profile BETA is associated with Group #3 (priority classifier) Within Group #3 there are 6 different QoS reservations (QoS #1 - DL, QoS #1 - UL, QoS #2 - DL, QoS #2 - DL, QoS #3 - UL, QoS #3 - UL)
Service 2nd st. - SQUARE Co. 3rd st. - SQUARE Co. 3rd st. - CIRCLE Co. SPF ALPHA ALPHA BETA VLAN square square circle ALPHA BETA SPF Priority classifier group #2 group #3

Priority classifier QoS types Group #2 (802.1p) DL QoS #1 QoS #2 QoS #3 QoS #4 val. 0 val. 7 val. 3 UL val. 5 val. 7 val. 2 Group #3 (DSCP) DL val. 63 val. 5 val. 2 UL val. 63 val. 44 val. 2 -

Connection Identifier (CID)


CID 2 CID 1 CID 6

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SPF=Alpha

Hub / Switch

SPF=Alpha

CID 8

CID 7

CID 12

H SPF=Beta

E Hub / Sw

Each of the QoS reservation for a specific Service is identified (according to IEEE 802.16 standard) through a Connection Identifier (CID) Every service consists of 1 to 4 CIDs per each direction (UL or DL) CID values are allocated automatically by Base Station

CID 14

CID 13

CID 18

Priority classifier QoS types Group #2 (802.1p) DL QoS #1 QoS #2 QoS #3 QoS #4 val. 0 val. 7 val. 3 UL val. 5 val. 7 val. 2 Group #3 (DSCP) DL val. 63 val. 5 val. 2 UL val. 63 val. 44 val. 2 -

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General Services Parameters

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Service Mode Applies for the entire Base Station

Quick

For Temporary SU ( not registered )


Connecting to the defined DEFAULT service

For RADIUS authentication


Connecting to the service defined in the RADIUS

Advanced

For permanent SU ( registered in the NPU)


Connecting to the service defined in the NPU

Service Mode Quick Temporary SU Status Permanent Default service is provided to the SU Service is provided to the SU if it is configured in the NPU Advance Service is not provided to the SU Service is provided to the SU if it is configured in the NPU

General Services Parameters

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Adding SUs to the NPU Database - the following parameters should be configured in the NPU database

SU MAC Address SW File Name

General Services Parameters

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Default Service should be configured with the following parameters

Default L2/Voice Service Profile (Name) Default PPPoE Service Profile (Name)

Switching Mode

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Defines the convergence sub-layer (CS) used in the network infrastructure

Ethernet CS Applicable to the current generation of layer 2 based services The default Switching Mode

IP CS

Compatible with the infrastructure of the next


generation WiMAX systems

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Switching Mode
IP

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CS
Providing VPN/L2TP support using a DHCP proxy in the NPU Provides smooth upgrade to systems that fully support the IEEE 802.16e standard Replacing the access equipment and keeping most of the network equipment untouched All the services configured and the Radius Servers addresses will be deleted when Changing the mode from Ethernet CS mode to IP CS mode

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RADIUS

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Part of the Network Entry process is CPE authentication The NPU search within its local database whether it recognize the CPE (by MAC Address)
NE Process CPE Auth. Query

In case the NPU recognize the CPE it provides the services as defined in the NPU's local database In case the NPU didn't recognize the CPE it query the RADIUS server for the CPE Authentication SU Reject Service Parameters NPU

Service Information RADIUS Server

The RADIUS server searches for the corresponding service of the subscriber

In case the subscriber service is found the RADIUS server replies to the NPU with the Service Profile Name, VLAN list, Access VLAN Configuration Transparent VLAN status and VLAN Classification Mode In case the subscriber service is not found, the RADIUS server replies to the NPU with a reject message

Reject

The NPU either provides the service as defined in the service profile or sends Reject message to the CPE, depends on the RADIUS reply

RADIUS

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Part of the information sent from the RADIUS server can include the authentication T/O This parameter represents the time the authentication is valid for, before the end of this time the NPU will re-authenticate the SU with the RADIUS server This allows the operator to stop service for a customer even if the customer did not reset the SU and the NE process was not activated

NE Process CPE Auth. Query

Service Parameters SU Reject NPU

Service Information RADIUS Server Reject

RADIUS
Step 1. Network entry Step 2. CPE Auth.Query Step 3. Service Information Step 4. Service Parameters
Name Alva Password Orion

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service profiles Name Silver RT4M parameters XYZ ABC

Accounts Name Pass word Orion enber Parameters string Silver;X;Y;Z RT4M

Alva root

SU

NPU

RADIUS Server

Animation legend Alva;Orion

Alva; Orion

XYZ

Silver ;X;Y;Z

Data packet

IEEE 802.1p Classification

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Preamble

RSV

Destination MAC

Source MAC

TCI

Length

DATA

PAD

FCS

Tagged Frame Type (16)

802.1p (3)

0 (1)

802.1Q VLAN ID (12)

The 802.1p bits enable to mark the frame with 8 different priority values The SU/NPU are capable to read these bits and based on their value to associate the frame to a predefined QoS Due to the fact that 802.1p is part of the Tagged Control Info (TCI) field, 802.1p classification can be performed only when the TCI field is present

DSCP Classification
Version Header Length

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Type Of Service / DS Total Length

DSCP (6)

CU (2)

ID Flags Fragment Offset

One of the IP Header fields is DiffServ (DS) DS field consists of

Fragment Offset (Cont'd) Time To Live Protocol Header Checksum

6 bits (DiffServ Code Point) which


are used to mark the priority of the packet 2 bits (Currently Unused)

Source Address

The SU/NPU are capable to read these bits and based on their value to associate the frame to a predefined QoS Due to the fact that Type of Service bits are part of the IP Header, DSCP classification can always be performed

Destination Address IP Options Data

Thank You

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