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THE PRACTICE was formed in 1967 as a partnership between James Hill and John Cannon. The current Directors are Glynn Rhodes and Stephen Vollar. Since its formation the Company has carried out more than 10,000 private, commercial, industrial and public commissions using most structural materials including reinforced concrete, structural steelwork, masonry and timber. Members of the practice also have experience in highway design and construction. Being independent Consulting Engineers, we can advise impartially on the form of construction and choice of materials best suited for any particular structure. The design of structured car parks is an engineering discipline in which the Company is particularly experienced. More than 100 such buildings have been designed and constructed using our designs, conceived in 1971 and developed continuously by the Practice. Over 1,000 other commissions involving inspections, appraisals, remedial works, feasibility studies and advice on all aspects of car parking. A specialist group has been established to provide Parking Consultancy, offering advice on all aspects of parking and parking structures. Many commissions have been carried out involving major alteration works associated with the refurbishment of buildings, both ancient and modern. Having worked on many successful Design and Construct contracts, the Company is well experienced in producing designs where sound and well considered engineering principles result in economical and durable structures. The Company is experienced in assessing structural problems and the Directors have acted as expert witnesses in disputes related to the construction industry, acted as Party Wall surveyors and Planning Supervisors under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 as amended 2001. The Company is not restricted geographically. Design commissions have been carried out economically for buildings sited throughout the United Kingdom from the south coast of England to the north of Scotland. Designs for work overseas are regularly undertaken. Several papers have been published in technical journals, and members of the Practice regularly speak at seminars throughout the UK.

Clarence Dock, Leeds

INTRODUCTION Our approach to car parking is to design for economical construction without sacrificing quality.

The design of a good car park is an engineering discipline that requires specialist knowledge of all aspects of car park design, management and operations. The key elements of good design are:

Well laid out parking bays, aisles and ramps to ensure ease of circulation for both vehicles and pedestrians.

A user-friendly environment i.e. good ventilation, lighting and open areas to ensure good natural surveillance.

Economy in design by achieving good gross floor area per space ratios.

Adequate access and egress control to ensure good dynamic traffic flow characteristics.

Structures which are easy to build and economical whilst providing long-term durability.

Hope Hospital Car Park, Manchester

One of the most important factors in achieving an economical car parking structure is achieving a low gross floor area per space ratio. In terms of cost, a car park designed at 36m per space will cost some 50% more than a car park designed at *24m per space. We have a well-earned reputation for achieving such low ratios without compromising the user friendliness or dynamic flow capacity of a car park.

From our initial approach as structural engineers with a desire to introduce economic fit for purpose structural frames with minimum intrusion into the car park, we have developed over the years a holistic approach to parking structures and design full layouts, wayfinding and signage, control and security measures and our in-house architectural team can complete the design or prepare construction detailing for clients concept designs. We are thus able to offer either a tailored approach as part of a design team, or act as a sole consultant.

Combining this philosophy with our tried and tested economical structural frame systems ensures that optimum value for money is achieved. This is why so many contractors seek our services when tendering for such projects.

* Based on standard UK bay sizes

Merry Hill, Dudley

MORE ABOUT HILL CANNON For more than 40 years we have been involved in the design, repair, improvement and alteration of structured and surface car parks. As consultants we have also provided a peer review of others designs and with our transport planning and traffic engineering capabilities we are able to deal with the big picture, not just the design of the structure. We have carried out more than 1,000 design commissions and over 100 car parks have been constructed to our designs. Many of these car parks utilise our in-house structural frame systems of construction. We have designed structures ranging from a 40 place facility in Harrogate, to nearly 4,000 spaces in Metro Manila. The largest UK car park constructed to our design is a 3,500 space facility for Birmingham Airport. Our clients include major car park operators, airports, hospitals, governments, municipalities, shopping centres and other private developers both in the UK and overseas. Directors have served in an advisory capacity on several learned committees and regularly contribute papers and articles to journals and seminars. We are actively involved in setting the standards for car park design in the UK and Europe. Some examples of such involvement are listed below:Co-authors of the Car Park Designers Handbook, a comprehensive guide to the design aspects of modern parking structures. Representation on the Task Group for the review of the third edition of the Institution of Structural Engineers publication Design recommendations for multi-storey and underground car parks, Representation on the editorial advisory board for Parking News, a publication of the British Parking Association,

Jubilee Car Park, Harrogate

Our work extends beyond car park design to acting as advisors on all aspects of the design process. As consultants we have: Prepared financial appraisals for car parks Prepared design and performance briefs for car parks Appraised designs submitted for Design and Build tenders Acted as assessors in competitions Acted as expert witnesses in disputes Reviewed the latest operational technology for robotic car parks

DUBAI AL MAKTOUM HOSPITAL ROAD

OVERSEAS EXPERIENCE Hill Cannon operates worldwide as a specialist parking consultancy and in what follows we list a few of our recent international projects. Dubai We provided advice on the design of multi storey and surface car parks at three sites in Dubai for a UK client. Three studies were undertaken with the Al Maktoum Hospital Road constructed to our design. Naples, Italy We were retained by a local developer to provide advice on design issues, operation and management of a 1,000 space multi storey car park which is part of the Via Cinthia Shopping Centre in central Naples. The structure had been part built by another developer before being purchased by our client. We advised on repairs to the part-built structure and how best to complete the project, within the constraints set by the site. This included extensive redesign of the internal circulation and interconnections with the local highway system. Beirut, Lebanon As part of the Beirut Urban Transport Project we have undertaken the preliminary design and costings for the following underground car parks: Saneyah Garden Site Mazzra Garden St Nicholas Garden Hassan Khalet Garden - 800 spaces - 450 spaces - 100 spaces - 250 spaces

In a separate project we reviewed the design proposals for a 3,000 space underground car park, which forms part of the Agora Project, a multi use development in outer Beirut.

Cayman Islands We were requested to undertake a study of the financial feasibility of constructing private funded parking facilities in the islands. This study explored the feasibility of two sites. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia We were retained by KLCC the developers of the Petronas Towers, the tallest buildings in the world, to provide advice on the towers 5,000 space underground car park. We found that the planned circulation was very poor and contained many points of traffic conflict, safety hazards and access problems. Our experts developed proposals for new circulation patterns, which minimised these problems. Manila, Philippines MACEA the local landowners association retained our services to carry out a feasibility study for a 3,750 space parking facility below an area of parkland in Legazpi Street in Makati City in Metro Manila. Lisbon, Portugal ENSUL, a major civil engineering contractor, requested that we form an alliance to pursue parking opportunities throughout Portugal and to date we have pursued a number of joint venture opportunities. Benghazi, Libya Provided a design study for a 600 space multi-storey car park for staff and visitors to an office complex and then prepared a design for structure and architecture up to tender stage. Kuwait Were appointed as specialist sub-consultant for a major new 4,500 space parking structure in Kuwait City. Kazan, Tatarstan Undertook a design study on ten sites for potential parking structures as part of an urban renewal project.

Basildon Hospital Car Park

UK EXPERIENCE AS PARKING CONSULTANTS We have many projects in the UK where we have acted as consultants, helping a client or project team to evaluate the situation and develop an appropriate solution. In what follows we list some recent examples of this work. Hospitals We have acted as advisors on many hospital projects where our work has involved us in understanding the hospitals parking needs and developing appropriate solutions. Examples of this work includes: Advising the Project Management team for the Royal University Hospital, Liverpool on the layout of a new 1,000 space car park and the location of new staff accommodation. We examined the existing parking provision for Harrogate District Hospital, carrying out a survey of users needs. Based on the survey results we then redesigned the surface level car parking to meet the identified needs. Appraisal of the parking requirements for Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge leading to proposals for a new 1,500 space car park. Formulation of car parking proposals for the Medway Hospital in Kent to support the planned 45m expansion of services on the site. Development of a parking operations strategy for Leeds Nuffield Hospital. Parking study for York District Hospital. Parking study and design of new parking facility for Harrogate District Hospital. Designers for new multi-storey car park schemes at Manchester Royal Infirmary and Hope Hospitals and Basildon. Construction management for a new raised deck car park at Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool.

Manchester Interchange

Town / City Centres We have worked extensively for local authorities and developers in providing design consulting services for public car parks. Examples of our projects include: Initial design study and construction engineering on the 850 space Victoria Car Park and 450 space Jubilee Car Park for Harrogate Borough Council. The Jubilee car park was named Best New Car Park at the 2003 British Parking Awards. Detailed design of the new Merry Hill Car Park, Dudley, a 1,600 space facility attached to a retail development. This was awarded the Best New Car Park at the 2004 British Parking Awards. Initial design study and construction engineering for an 800 space car park at Clough Lane for Kings Lynn and West Norfolk Council due to open December 2005. Design development and construction engineering for a 1,100 space St Andrews Car Park for Norwich City Council. City Centre car parks in Leeds at Criterion Place and Kirkgate. In Manchester, the Grand and Great Northern Warehouse and in Birmingham, Brindley Place, Five Ways and Ladywell. In Bradford, the Vicar Lane and Southgate Car Parks. Feasibility studies for Colchester, Chichester, Dover, Middlesbrough, Newbury, Telford & Wrekin and Harrogate Councils. Feasibility study for an underground car park in Leeds city centre for Leeds City Council.

Birmingham International Airport

Luton Rail Station

Railways & Airports We have worked extensively for transport operators including airports and railway operators. Our work includes: Conceptual design and construction for an 800 space car park at Sheffield Station for Midland Mainline. Design development and Phase 1 construction engineering of Car Park 3 at Birmingham International Airport, expanded to 3,500. Design and construction engineering for car parks at Terminals 1 and 2 at Manchester Airport. A network-wide study for South West Trains where we reviewed how they operate and manage their 16,000 car parking spaces. The study has also developed design proposals for providing an additional 8,000 spaces at 48 of their stations. Design study and engineering for a single deck car park at Shipley Station. We undertook a feasibility study for an 800 space car park at Glasgow Airport for BAA Scotland. We were part of a team that carried out a design study for three new parking structures at Stansted Airport. We have undertaken a review of existing parking and proposals for development of 102 rail station sites for First Group. Completed car parks at Luton, Birmingham International, Rugby and High Wycombe stations. Principal designers for the Gatwick No.6 car park for 1,250 spaces completed in April 2011.

CAR PARK PROJECTS Over 100 multi storey car parks ranging in size from just 40 to 3,500 spaces have been constructed to our design. Many of these car parks have been built using our unique structural frame systems and the patented VCM copyright internal circulation system. Our flexible design approach of the layout enables the construction to proceed in a variety of structural forms without need for major design or changes to planned form. We have had our designs built in reinforced concrete either, insitu, precast or post tensioned. We have developed steel framed solutions with cellular beams using composite construction and pre-finished, precast decks. Some examples of our car parking projects:-

Eastside Car Park, Birmingham

St James Car Park, Kings Lynn

Vicar Lane, Bradford

Criterion Place, Leeds

Princes Dock, Liverpool

The Astra Zeneca Car Park Macclesfield

The Hedge, Walsall

Jubilee Multi Storey Car Park Harrogate

Sheffield Station Multi Storey Car Park

Staff Car Park for Amersham Plc

St Peters, Leamington Spa Manchester Airport, Terminal A Northbrook, Newbury Dean Street, Newcastle upon Tyne Candleriggs, Glasgow Abington Square, Northampton Birmingham Airport, Phase II Rowntree Wharf, York Leigh Mills, Coventry Garden Place, York Waterglade Centre, Havant Parkway, Bury St Edmunds Pelican Lane, Newbury East Parade, Harrogate Manchester Airport Terminal 2 Beehive Lane, Loughborough Victoria Centre, Nottingham Office Parking, Ware Brindley Place, Birmingham White Hart, Harrogate Criterion Place, Leeds Kirkgate Market, Leeds The Oracle, Reading Sydenham Street, Guildford Luton Parkway Station Shipley Station Leethams Mill, York

406 spaces 800 spaces 352 spaces 284 spaces Retail and 490 spaces 500 spaces 1,200 spaces 93 spaces 650 spaces 357 spaces 403 spaces 609 spaces 406 space 700 spaces 1,500 spaces 606 spaces 1,100 spaces 710 spaces Commercial, retail and 950 spaces 40 spaces 411 spaces Retail and 670 spaces Retail and 1,750 spaces Retail, roof restaurant and 370 spaces 390 spaces 40 spaces 93 spaces

Victoria Centre, Harrogate The Grand, Manchester Fiveways multiplex cinema, Birmingham Cheshire Oaks, Ellesmere Port Gatwick Airport

850 spaces 700 spaces 480 spaces 1,000 spaces 800 spaces Retail and 1,600 spaces

Livingston Designer Outlet Village, Edinburgh Fiveways Phase II, Birmingham Milton Keynes, E1.1 (schematic) Ocean Terminal, Leith Scunthorpe (schematic) Manchester Interchange Lemon Quay, Truro Vicar Lane, Bradford Bridgend Designer Outlet Centre Lower Precinct, Coventry Liberty Centre, Romford Ladywell, Birmingham Astra Zeneca, Macclesfield Clarence Dock, Leeds Birmingham International Airport 3 Ph 1 Gatwick Airport Extension Sundials, Amersham

Leisure facility and 250 spaces 700 spaces Multi-use development and 1,450 spaces 550 spaces 800 spaces 400 spaces linked to retail Multi-use development and 1,000 spaces 700 spaces Services and 340 spaces 800 spaces 280 spaces 1,100 spaces for staff 1650 spaces for mixed use development 1,750 spaces 663 spaces 544 spaces for staff

John Lennon Airport, Liverpool Car Park and Hotel Hope Hospital, Manchester Menai Centre, Bangor Walton Street, Aylesbury Birmingham International Station Media City, Salford Rugby Station Westgate Station, Wakefield High Wycombe Station Luton Station London Gatwick Airport No.6 Under Construction - 2010/2011 Eastside, Birmingham Scottish Exhibition & Conference Centre Nottingham Hub Southwater, Telford

869 spaces 1,133 spaces 410 spaces 700 spaces 1,360 spaces 2,100 spaces 450 spaces 1,450 spaces 380 spaces 750 spaces 1,250 spaces

980 spaces 1,750 spaces 950 spaces 600 spaces

Scottish Exhibition & Conference Centre, Glasgow

THE VCM (VERTICAL CIRCULATION MODULE) SYSTEM

The VCM (Vertical Circulation Module) layout system is a superior design for multi storey car parks in town centres where, because of high land costs, the traditional split level layout with internal ramps has predominated since the early 1960s. VCM maintains the economy in the use of internal ramps but eliminates the problems of cross deck movement for pedestrians created by the split level condition. It also reduces the temptation for pedestrians to use the vehicle ramps for access so often seen in split level type car parks. The result is a user-friendly environment approaching that of a good flat deck or surface level car park. Even with out of town larger car parks where flat decks with external ramps may be considered, VCM offers considerable cost savings whilst maintaining all the advantages associated with flat deck design. VCM car parks can be constructed in any structural material, be it either steel or concrete, in prefabricated, insitu or precast.

TRADITIONAL SPLIT LEVEL LAYOUT

Standard module The dimension developed from eight 2.4m wide stalls enables an 18.8m diameter turning circle to be generated between faces of the structure. The accessway linking adjacent decks is level on its outer edge and slopes at 1 in 20 on its three inner sides. All other surfaces remain plane. In the middle of the accessway, the slope is 1 in 40 and is of little consequence to motorists and pedestrians alike. Standard Modules enable the largest area of flat deck to be generated in any given circulation layout.

STANDARD MODULE

Layout types The System is unique in that the parking layout can be considered, initially, as a flat plate. Modules are then positioned to best suit vehicle and pedestrian access locations and traffic circulation requirements. A range of layout variations can be achieved, especially for car parks with large floor areas. Type 1 layout one way flow Two modules, to opposite hand, and joined along their ramp sides, produce the minimum dimensions for a parking layout with separated traffic flows. When incorporated within a longer layout the Modules are located towards one end, producing a rapid outflow route and an extended inflow route. Pedestrians can reach all parts of each parking floor and progress around the building perimeter, without encountering any slope greater than 1 in 20.

VCM SYSTEM TYPE 1 LAYOUT

VCM FEATURES The System represents a significant advance in user friendliness for town centre type multi storey parking, whether it is above or below ground level. Some of the features are listed below: (a) Pedestrians have flat access to all parts of the parking decks; a desirable feature especially in facilities where shopping or luggage trolleys, or pushchairs, will be used. (b) The elimination of the need for special pedestrian ramps enables more cars to be parked. (c) The sloping portions of the parking deck are plain surfaces and do not affect construction costs, but the omission of split levels, their attendant safety barriers and special pedestrian ramps, reduce costs significantly. (d) Flat decks improve the quality of supervision and security and are easier to maintain and keep clean than split level layouts. (e) When combined with a clear span structure, a VCM layout is as popular as a good surface car park, but without the attendant problems of rain, mist, ice and snow. The VCM layout system has been granted a UK patent number GB2 269 610B It is the policy of Hill Cannon to protect against unauthorised users of the VCM system. For this reason it is necessary to register each car park incorporating the system.

Contact Details:

Glynn Rhodes, Director BSc (Hons), CEng, MICE, MCIHT, FConsE Steve Vollar, Director BSc, CEng, MICE, FIStructE, FConsE Stuart Wray, Principal IEng, AMIStructE Kurt Robbins, Associate BSc (Hons) CEng MIStructE

Hill Cannon (UK) Ltd Clarendon House Victoria Avenue Harrogate HG1 1JD Registered in England: 6850487 Tel: (01423) 535 650 Fax: (01423) 530 018

harrogate@hillcannon.com www.hillcannon.com

The Car Park Designers Handbook written by Jim Hill and Hill Cannon (UK) Limited to provide advice and guidance on the functional, economic and efficient planning of car park structures. Published by Thomas Telford Limited ISBN: 0727734385

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