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Chapter VIII PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED Problems Identified Score 1. Unavailability of Potable Drinking Water 9.33 2.

High Incidence of Working Individuals Exposed to Occupational Hazards 8.33 3. Poor Utilization of Herbal Medicines 8.5 4. Improper Waste Disposal 5. Lack of Accessible Health Care Facilities 8.01 (Health Center, Manpower, and Supplies) 6. Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection 8 7. Improper Storage of Drinking Water 7.83 8. High Incidence of UTI among Pregnant Women 7.59 9. Prevalence of Malnutrition among 0-6 years old 7.59 10. High Percentage of Houses that are Fire Hazards 7.17 11. Presence of Vectors 7.16 12. Improper Upkeep of Domestic Animals 7.16 13. Lack of Knowledge regarding Family Planning 7.16 8.08

14. Food Intake of Poor Nutritional Value 15. Poor Compliance to Immunization Schedule among Infants 6.91 16. Lack of Family Resources Allotted for Health Care Needs 6.42 17. Poor Infant Feeding Practices 6.41 18. Inadequate Living Space 19. High Incidence of Cancer Mortality among Elderly 2.66 20. Prevalence of Alcoholism

5.46

1. Unavailability of Potable Drinking Water Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem 2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% affected Computation 1/3x1=0.33 4/4x3=3 Justification It is a Health-Related problem. All members of the community acquire their drinking water through springs. They do not practice any filtration or sterilization techniques to cleanse what they drink. They drink it straight from the source without proper treatment. It is highly modifiable. It can be modified through simple means such as boiling of water,

3. Modifiability of the Problem

3/3x4=4

filtering, and other means. Health teaching can be supplied to modify this problem. 4. Preventive Potential 3/3x1=1 It is highly preventable through proper dissemination of information that would help people gain better understanding of the problem/ It is an urgent community concern to the members of the community. They acknowledge its presence and knew its possible complications but fail to act due to inadequate information about the problem.

5. Social Concern

2/2x1=1

Total Score

9.33

2. High Incidence of Working Individuals Exposed to Occupational Hazards Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem since poor working conditions of any type have the potential to affect a worker's health and safety. Occupational hazards such as dust, noise, heat, stress, etc. can have a harmful effect on workers, their families, and other people in the community, as well as the physical environment around the

workplace. 2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% affected 4/4x3=3 Almost all the members of the community can be affected. This means that the workers, their families, other people in the community, and the physical environment around the workplace, can all be at risk from exposure to hazards. It is highly modifiable because work processes can be designed to prevent accidents and illnesses. Existing hazards should be removed from the workplace. Work can be made safer by modifying the workplace and any unsafe work processes. It is moderately preventable. Effective workplace health and safety programs can help save the lives of workers by reducing hazards and their consequences. However, work-related diseases are very often difficult to determine factors such as changing jobs, or personal behaviors (such as smoking tobacco or drinking alcohol) that further increases the linking of workplace exposures to a disease outcome.

3. Modifiability of the Problem

3/3x4=4

4. Preventive Potential

2/3x1=0.67

5. Social Concern

1/3x1=0.33

It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

Total Score

8.33

3. Poor Utilization of Herbal Medicines Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem since there are inaccessible health care facilities in the community. Therefore, one method that can be applied to treat identified diseases is through the proper use of these herbal medicines available. Based on the survey, 51

2. Magnitude of the

4/4x3=3

Problem 75%-100% affected

out of 256 or 20% of the households have herbal plants in their backyard. The remaining households plant vegetables, ornamentals, and fruits. They lack knowledge with the use of these herbal medicines. 3/3x4=4 It is highly modifiable because of its availability in the community. It can be used without any prescription, with lower cost and fewer side effects. Proper health teachings on how to prepare the medicines, its advantages and disadvantages can be instructed to the people. It is moderately preventable since known health facilities are at distant. Thus, people would rather use these medicines if they know how to prepare it. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

3. Modifiability of the Problem

4. Preventive Potential

2/3x1=0.67

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

8.5

4. Improper Waste Disposal Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem because this leads to an unsanitary environment. Around 50%-74% were affected. This might be the cause to the occurrence of URTI and also the presence of vectors that were identified in the community.

2. Magnitude of the Problem 50%-74% affected

3/4x3=2.25

3. Modifiability of the Problem

3/3x4=4

It is highly modifiable because resources are available. It only needs to be emphasized to them. It is highly preventable through additional health teachings by emphasizing the importance of proper garbage disposal and segregation. Providing sacks with labels with list of examples of wastes they can put in can also be added. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

4. Preventive Potential

3/3x1=1

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

8.08

5. Lack of Accessible Health Care Facilities (Health Center, Manpower, and Supplies) Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 2/3x1=0.67 Justification It is a Health Resources problem because health care facilities are needed to maintain a good health condition of the members of the community. Almost 100% of the community members are affected. It is moderately

2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% affected 3. Modifiability of the

4/4x3=3

2/3x4=2.67

Problem

modifiable; there are health care facilities but is inaccessible because of its distance and travel time. 2/3x1=0.67 Prevention can be sustained through health teachings about the basic techniques to intervene on the problems they might encounter. People in the community perceived it as an urgent community concern since health facilities are the only for their consultation, medication and treatment.

4. Preventive Potential

5. Social Concern

2/2x1=1

Total Score

8.01

6. Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 3/3x1=1 Justification It is a Health Status because it is an alteration in health that needs to be addressed. Mostly the affected population are schoolage children and below, and the elderly. It is highly modifiable

2. Magnitude of the Problem 25%-49% affected 3. Modifiability of the

2/4x3=1.5

3/3x4=4

Problem

since the areas are wellventilated and natural resources are rich. 3/3x1=1 It is highly preventable through health teaching strategies and improving the health status. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

4. Preventive Potential

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

7. Improper Storage of Drinking Water Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem. Improper storage of water facilitate occurrence of water-borne diseases. E.g. diarrhea. There were 25%-49% affected because one of the major storage of water in rural areas is bottle.

2. Magnitude of the Problem 25%-49% affected

2/4x3=1.5

3. Modifiability of the Problem

3/3x4=4

It is highly modifiable because the resources needed to solve the problem are available. Susceptibility to other diseases and infections can be prevented if proper storage is provided. It is an urgent community concern.

4. Preventive Potential

3/3x1=1

5. Social Concern Total Score

2/2x1=1 7.83

8. High Incidence of UTI among Pregnant Women Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 3/3x1=1 Justification It is a Health Status because of the high incidence of UTI among pregnant women. 60% or 3 out of 5 reported were affected of UTI. The resources and interventions needed to solve the problem are

2. Magnitude of the Problem 50%-74% affected 3. Modifiability of the Problem

3/4x3=2.25

2/3x4=2.67

available to the family. 4. Preventive Potential 2/3x1=0.67 The possibility of complications during labor & delivery, and occurrence of abnormalities in the infant are prevented only if the pregnant women comply with the treatment regimen. It is an urgent community concern.

5. Social Concern Total Score

2/2x1=1 7.59

9. Prevalence of Malnutrition among 0-6 years old Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 3/3x1=1 Justification It is a Health Status because malnutrition is considered as a health deficit; there is lack of nutrition and affects optimum level of functioning. Half of the populations of children weighed are considered to be malnourished.

2. Magnitude of the Problem 50%-74% affected

3/4x3=2.25

3. Modifiability of the Problem

2/3x4=2.67

It is moderate because it is a continuous process when it comes to health. It is moderate because it depends upon the family, their choice to eat, and afford to buy. It is an urgent community concern because almost half of the children in Apia are considered malnourished.

4. Preventive Potential

2/3x1=0.67

5. Social Concern

2/2x1=1

Total Score

7.59

10. High Percentage of Houses that are Fire Hazards Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem because majority of the houses are made out of wood and mixed materials. Almost 100% of the houses are at risk for fire hazards. It is moderately modifiable because they cannot afford more

2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% affected 3. Modifiability of the Problem

4/4x3=3

2/3x4=2.67

expensive housing materials that are very costly, and they believe that will last from typhoons and will minimize further accidents. 4. Preventive Potential 2/3x1=0.67 It is moderately preventable by placing fire making materials such as candles, superkalan, etc. in a location that is far from materials that can easily burn or explode. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

7.17

11. Presence of Vectors Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem because people may be at risk for disease. Almost all of the respondents in Sitio Apia are affected since flies and mosquitoes are the most prevalent vectors.

2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% affected

4/4x3=3

3. Modifiability of the Problem

2/3x4=2.67

It is moderately modifiable because there are a lot of breeding sites for these vectors. It is moderately preventable. Most use fumigants to control these pests while others use katol, insecticides, mosquito nets, and other traps. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

4. Preventive Potential

2/3x1=0.66

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

7.16

12. Improper Upkeep of Domestic Animals Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem because people might be at risk for the unpredictable behavior of the animals. Regardless of age, gender, and what kind of animal they keep, they can all be affected.

2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% affected

4/4x3=3

3. Modifiability of the Problem

2/3x4=2.67

It is moderately modifiable since 78% of the people are used to their pets roaming around with less availability of cages. It is moderately preventable since not all kinds of animals can stay inside their homes, and due to the unavailability of cages. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

4. Preventive Potential

2/3x1=0.66

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

7.16

13. Lack of Knowledge regarding Family Planning Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem 2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% affected. 3. Modifiability of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 4/4x3=3 Justification It is a Health-Related problem. Only 14% of the families utilize family planning methods. It is moderately modifiable because the family size is somehow beyond the ideal family they should have.

2/3x4=2.67

4. Preventive Potential

2/3x1=0.66

It is moderately preventable through giving information about responsible parenthood and family planning methods that will help foster a suitable life for them. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

7.16

14. Food Intake of Poor Nutritional Value Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem because of an insufficient or poorly balanced diet intake. Almost all age groups are affected by the problem. It is moderately modifiable. They should eat regular meals at approximately the same

2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% affected 3. Modifiability of the Problem

4/4x3=3

2/3x4=2.67

time each day. Eat smaller meals more frequently will also help them get an appetite. 4. Preventive Potential 2/3x1=0.67 It is moderately preventable by providing nutritional support to high-risk individuals that helps to increase body weight and to prolong life. Health teaching will also be helpful. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

5. Social Concern

1/3x1=0.33

Total Score

15. Poor Compliance to Immunization Schedule among Infants Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem because health facilities in Sitio Apia are quite inaccessible. Low childhood immunization rates are a national healthcare concern not only in Sitio Apia. Many children are at increased risk for preventable childhood illnesses because of

2. Magnitude of the Problem 50%-74% affected

3/4x3=2.25

under immunization. Thus, increasing the burden on healthcare workers and families, and increasing healthcare costs and decreasing quality of life. 3. Modifiability of the Problem 2/3x4=2.67 It is moderately modifiable as long as they will be more responsible in complying on the schedules for immunizations. It is moderately modifiable through informing the parents of the good benefits of having full immunization among their children. People in the community perceived it as an urgent community concern since health facilities are the only for their consultation, medication and treatment. This will decrease the incidence of childhood diseases in their community.

4. Preventive Potential

2/3x1=0.66

5. Social Concern

2/2x1=1

Total Score

6.91

16. Lack of Family Resources Allotted for Health Care Needs Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem 2. Magnitude of the Problem 50%-74% affected Computation 2/3x1=0.67 3/4x3=2.25 Justification It is a Health Resources problem. Almost half of the populations are affected due because they are quite having a hard time to earn a living. It is moderately modifiable due to financial constraints.

3. Modifiability of the Problem

2/3x4=2.67

4. Preventive Potential

1/3x1=0.33

It has a low preventive potential mainly because of the economic constraints. The community has a little control over the problem. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

6.42

17. Poor Infant Feeding Practices Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem Computation 1/3x1=0.33 Justification It is a Health-Related problem because poor feeding practices can result to malnutrition and contributes to impaired social and cognitive development. Fifty percent (50%) or half of the infant population are affected

2. Magnitude of the Problem 50%-74% affected

3/4x3=2.25

by complementary feedings which begins either too early or too late that is nutritionally unsafe. 3. Modifiability of the Problem 2/3x4=2.67 It is moderately modifiable since support and advice about infant feeding from the health care system can be given. It is moderately preventable, however, it can be prevented if adequate information are given to the mothers and the importance of breast feeding practices are emphasized. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

4. Preventive Potential

2/3x1=0.66

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

6.41

18. Inadequate Living Space Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem 2. Magnitude of the Problem 75%-100% 3. Modifiability of the Computation 1/3x1=0.33 4/4x3=3 Justification It is a Health-Related problem. Most of the families have an inadequate living space in their homes. It has a low modifiability

1/3x4=1.33

Problem

because the living space will require quite a financial expenditure. The familys resources are presently not adequate considering the other problems. However, furniture can be arranged to allow more space. 1/3x1=0.33 It has a low preventive potential though increasing the living space will reduce the possibility of transferring communicable diseases such as scabies; it will also provide privacy to the household members; it will provide a bigger space in sleeping with a huge family members. It is recognized as a health problem but not recognized as need of an urgent attention.

4. Preventive Potential

5. Social Concern

1/2x1=0.5

Total Score

5.46

19. High Incidence of Cancer Mortality among Elderly Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem 2. Magnitude of the Problem Computation Justification

3. Modifiability of the Problem 4. Preventive Potential 5. Social Concern Total Score 2.66

20. Prevalence of Alcoholism Criteria 1. Nature of the Problem 2. Magnitude of the Problem 3. Modifiability of the Problem Computation Justification

4. Preventive Potential 5. Social Concern Total Score

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