TUTORIAL #1 (Week of January 16, 2012)

Question 1. (15. 4) In an engine, a piston oscillates with simple harmonic motion so that its position varies according to the expression, x = 5.00 cos 2t + where x is in centimeters and t is in 6 seconds. (a) At t = 0, find the position of the piston. x(0)=4.33 cm (b) At t = 0, find the velocity of the piston. v(0)= 5.00 cm/s (c) At t = 0, find the acceleration of the piston. a(0)= 17.3 cm/s2 (d) Find the period T=3.14 s (e) Find the amplitude of the motion. A=5.00 cm

Question 2. (15.10) A hanging spring stretches by 35.0 cm when an object of mass 450 g is hung on it and is at rest. We define its position as x = 0. The object is pulled down an additional 18.0 cm and released from rest to oscillate without friction. (a) Determine the spring constant k=0.4509.8/0.35=12.6 N/m (b) Write an equation for the motion of the object at the end of the spring. k = = 5.29 rad/s x=18 cos(5.29 t) m (c) What is its position x at t= 84.4 s later? x=18 cos(5.2984.4)=16.78 cm (d) Find the distance traveled by the vibrating object after 84.4 s have elapsed. The period is 1.187 s. The time traveled in one period is 418 cm. Since 84.4 is 71.06 periods then the total distance traveled is 71.0640.18=51.16 m.

Question 3. (15.49) An object of mass m moves in simple harmonic motion with amplitude 12 cm on a light spring. Its maximum acceleration is 108 cm/s2. (Express answers in terms of m if needed.) (a) Find the period T of the object. 4 2 A a = 2 A = 2 A T = 2 = 2.09s a T 1 (b) Find its frequency f. f = = 0.477 Hz T (c) Find the maximum speed vmax of the object. v max = A = 35.96 cm/s
2 (d) Find the total energy E of the objectspring system. E = 0.5mv max = 6.465610-2m J (e) Find the force constant k of the spring. k=8.98 m N/m

Question 4. (15.20) A 4.40-kg object is attached to a spring and placed on frictionless, horizontal surface. A horizontal force of 14.0 N is required to hold the object at rest when it is pulled 0.200 m from its equilibrium position (the origin of the x axis). The object is now released from rest from this stretched position, and it subsequently undergoes simple harmonic oscillations. F (a) Find the force constant of the spring. k = 70 N/m x 1 k (b) Find the frequency of the oscillations f = 0.635 Hz 2 m (c) Find the maximum speed of the object. Where does this maximum speed occur? v max = A 0.798 m/s and occurs when the mass passes at x=0. (d) Find the maximum acceleration of the object. Where does the maximum acceleration occur? a max = 2 A 3.18 m/s2 and occurs at x=0.2 m. 1 2 1 (e) Find the total energy of the oscillating system. E = mv max = kA 2 1.4 J 2 2 (f) Find the speed and acceleration of the object when its position is equal to one-third of 1 1 1 1 the maximum value. E = mv 2 + kx 2 = 1.4 J mv 2 = 1.4 k ( A / 3) 2 v=0.752 m/s 2 2 2 2
F = k ( A / 3) = ma a = kA 1.06 m/s2 3m

Question 5.
(15.52)

An object attached to a spring vibrates with simple harmonic motion as described by the following figure.

(a) For this motion, find the amplitude. From the vertical axis of the graph A=2.00 cm (b) For this motion, find the period. From the horizontal axis of the graph T=4 seconds (c) For this motion, find the angular frequency. = 2f 1.57 rad/s (d) For this motion, find the maximum speed. v max = A 3.14 cm/s (e) For this motion, find the maximum acceleration. a max = 2 A 4.93 cm/s2 (f) For this motion, write an equation for x(t), the position as a function of time, t. x = 2.00 sin t or 2 3 x = 2.00 cos t + with = or 2 2 2 What would be the graph if the phase constant was +/2 Question 6. The position of a particle is given by the expression x = 4.00 cos (3.00t + ), where x is in meters and t is in seconds. (a) Determine the frequency, the period and amplitude and phase constant f=1.5 Hz, T=.667 s, A=4 m, = (b) Determine expressions for the velocity and acceleration of the particle as a function of time v = 12.00 sin (3.00t + ) a = 36.00 cos(3.00t + ) (c) Determine the position of the particle at t = 0.250 s. x=2.83 m (d) Determine the first 4 instants when the particle passes at the position x=1.84. t=0.2174 s, 0.884 s, 1.55 s, 2.217 s