Solar power in India

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National Solar Mission in India India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. India is already a leader in wind power generation. In the solar energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km2 area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 GW to 2,100 GW. In July 2009, India unveiled a US$19 billion plan to produce 20 GW of solar power by 2020.[1] Under the plan, the use of solar-powered equipment and applications would be made compulsory in all government buildings, as well as hospitals and hotels.[2] On 18 November 2009, it was reported that India was ready to launch its National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013.[3] According to a 2011 report by GTM Research and Bridge, India is facing a perfect storm of factors that will drive solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption at a "furious pace over the next five years and beyond". The falling prices of PV panels, mostly from China but also from the U.S., has coincided with the growing cost of grid power in India. Government support and ample solar resources have also helped to increase solar adoption, but perhaps the biggest factor has been need. India, "as a growing economy with a surging middle class, is now facing a severe electricity deficit that often runs between 10 and 13 percent of daily need".[4]

Contents
[hide]

1 Current status o 1.1 Installed capacity o 1.2 Solar engineering training

2 Future applications o 2.1 Rural electrification o 2.2 Agricultural support o 2.3 Solar water heaters 3 Challenges and opportunities 4 Government support 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Current status

Solar Resource Map of India With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's theoretical solar power reception, on only its land area, is about 5 Petawatt-hours per year (PWh/yr) (i.e. 5 trillion kWh/yr or about 600 TW).[5][6] The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 15002000 sunshine hours per year (depending upon location), which is far more than current total energy consumption. For example, assuming the efficiency of PV modules were as low as 10%, this would still be a thousand times greater than the domestic electricity demand projected for 2015.[5][7]

[edit] Installed capacity

The amount of solar energy produced in India is less than 1% of the total energy demand.[8] The grid-interactive solar power as of December 2010 was merely 10 MW.[9] Government-funded solar energy in India only accounted for approximately 6.4 MW-yr of power as of 2005.[8] However, as of October 2009, India is currently ranked number one along with the United States in terms of solar energy production per watt installed.[10]

India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants DC Peak GWh Capacity Name of Plant Notes Power /year[11] factor (MW) Mithapur Solar Power Plant Commissioned February 25 Mithapur, Gujarat (Tata Power)[12] 2012 WAA SOLAR POWER PLANT Surendranagar, Gujarat (MADHAV 10.22 Commissioned January 2012 POWER) [13][14][15] Reliance Power Pokaran Solar PV Commissioning in March 40 [16] Plant, Rajasthan 2012 [17] Adani Bitta Solar Plant,Gujarat 40 Completed in January 2012 Mahindra Solar Plant, Jodhpur, 5 Completed in January 2012 Rajastan[18] Sivaganga Photovoltaic Plant[19] 5 Completed December 2010 [20] Kolar Photovoltaic Plant 3 Completed May 2010 [21] Itnal Photovoltaic Plant, Belgaum 3 Completed April 2010 [22] Azure Power - Photovoltaic Plant 2 2009 Chesdin Power - Biomass and Solar 4.1 Completes December 2011 Photovoltaic Plants[23] Citra and Sepset Power Plants 4 Commissioned October 2011 Solar Photovoltaic Plants[24] Jamuria Photovoltaic Plant[25] 2 2009 [26] NDPC Photovoltaic Plant 1 2010 [27] Thyagaraj stadium Plant-Delhi 1 April, 2010 [28] Gandhinagar Solar Plant 1 21 January 2011 [29] Tata - Mulshi, Maharashtra 3 Commissioned April 2011 Commissioned June 2011, 63 Azure Power - Sabarkantha, Gujarat 10 acres, using 36,000 Suntech (Khadoda village )[30] Power panels.[31] To Be Commissioned July Moser Baer - Patan, Gujarat[32] 30 2011 ''India's First plant B&G Solar Pvt Ltd 1 Commissioned under [33] Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu JNNSM scheme June 2011 REHPL - Sadeipali, (Bolangir) 1 Commissioned July 2011 Orissa [34] Tata - Patapur, Orissa [35] 1 Commissioned August 2011 [36] Tata - Osmanabad, Maharastra 1 Commissioned 1st Aug 2011 Amruth Solar Power Plant - Kadiri, 1 Commissioned March 2012

India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants DC Peak GWh Capacity Name of Plant Notes Power /year[11] factor (MW) Andhra Pradesh Commissioned September Abengoa - Gwal Pahari, Haryana[37] 3 2011 Chandraleela Power Energy Narnaul, Haryana (EPC by Aryav To be Commissioned 0.8 Green Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) December 2011
[38]

Green Infra Solar Energy Limited Rajkot, Gujarat [39][40][41] Total

10 182.1

Commissioned November 2011

[edit] Solar engineering training

The Australian government has awarded UNSW A$5.2 million to train next-generation solar energy engineers from Asia-Pacific nations, specifically India and China, as part of the AsiaPacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APP).[42] Certain programmes are designed to target for rural solar usage development.[43]

[edit] Future applications

[edit] Rural electrification
Lack of electricity infrastructure is one of the main hurdles in the development of rural India. India's grid system is considerably under-developed, with major sections of its populace still surviving off-grid. As of 2004 there are about 80,000 unelectrified villages in the country. Of these villages, 18,000 could not be electrified through extension of the conventional grid. A target for electrifying 5,000 such villages was set for the Tenth National Five Year Plan (2002 2007). As of 2004, more than 2,700 villages and hamlets had been electrified, mainly using solar photovoltaic systems.[5] Developments in cheap solar technology are considered as a potential alternative that allows an electricity infrastructure consisting of a network of local-grid clusters with distributed electricity generation.[8] It could allow bypassing (or at least relieving) the need to install expensive, lossy, long-distance, centralised power delivery systems and yet bring cheap electricity to the masses. Projects currently planned include 3000 villages of Orissa, which will be lighted with solar power by 2014.[44][45][46][47]

[edit] Agricultural support

Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water. The majority of the pumps are fitted with a 2003,000 watt motor that are powered with 1,800 Wp PV array which can deliver about 140,000 liters of water per day from a total head of 10 meters. By 30 September, 2006, a total of 7,068 solar PV water pumping systems had been installed.[8] Solar driers are used to dry harvests before storage.[48]

[edit] Solar water heaters

Bangalore has the largest deployment of rooftop solar water heaters in India. These heaters will generate an energy equivalent of 200 MW every day .[49] Bangalore is also the first city in the country to put in place an incentive mechanism by providing a rebate (which has just been[when?] increased to 50) on monthly electricity bills for residents using roof-top thermal systems. These systems are now mandatory for all new structures. Pune, another city in the western part of India, has also recently made installation of solar water heaters in new buildings mandatory.[50]

[edit] Challenges and opportunities

Land is a scarce resource in India and per capita land availability is low. Dedication of land area for exclusive installation of solar arrays might have to compete with other necessities that require land. The amount of land required for utility-scale solar power plantscurrently approximately 1 km2 for every 2060 megawatts (MW) generated[8]could pose a strain on India's available land resource. The architecture more suitable for most of India would be a highly-distributed set of individual rooftop power generation systems, all connected via a local grid.[8] However, erecting such an infrastructure, which does not enjoy the economies of scale possible in mass, utility-scale, solar panel deployment, needs the market price of solar technology deployment to substantially decline, so that it attracts the individual and average family size household consumer. That might be possible in the future, because PV is projected to continue its current cost reductions for the next decades and be able to compete with fossil fuel.[5] Some noted think-tanks[5][51][52] recommend that India should adopt a policy of developing solar power as a dominant component of the renewable energy mix, since being a densely populated region[53] in the sunny tropical belt,[54][55] the subcontinent has the ideal combination of both high solar insolation[54] and therefore a big potential consumer base density.[5][56][57][58][59] In one of the analyzed scenarios,[52] India can make renewable resources such as solar the backbone of its economy by 2050, reining in its long-term carbon emissions without compromising its economic growth potential. According to a 2011 report by GTM Research and Bridge, India is facing a perfect storm of factors that will drive solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption at a "furious pace over the next five years and beyond". The falling prices of PV panels, mostly from China but also from the U.S., has coincided with the growing cost of grid power in India. Government support and ample solar

resources have also helped to increase solar adoption, but perhaps the biggest factor has been need. India, "as a growing economy with a surging middle class, is now facing a severe electricity deficit that often runs between 10 and 13 percent of daily need".[4]

[edit] Government support

The government of India is promoting the use of solar energy through various strategies. In the latest budget for 2010/11, the government has announced an allocation of 10 billion (US$220 million) towards the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and the establishment of a clean energy fund. It is an increase of 3.8 billion (US$83.6 million) from the previous budget. This new budget has also encouraged private solar companies by reducing customs duty on solar panels by 5% and exempting excise duty on solar photovoltaic panels. This is expected to reduce the cost of a roof-top solar panel installation by 1520%. The budget also proposed a coal tax of US$1 per metric ton on domestic and imported coal used for power generation.[60] Additionally, the government has initiated a Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)[61] scheme, which is designed to drive investment in low-carbon energy projects. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)provides 70 percent subsidy on the installation cost of a solar photovoltaic power plant in North-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on other regions. The detailed outlay of the National Solar Mission highlights various targets set by the government to increase solar energy in the country's energy portfolio.

[edit] See also

Electricity sector in India Renewable energy in India Wind power in India Charanka Solar Park Sakri PV solar energy project Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

[edit] References
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5. ^ a b c d e f Muneer, T.; Asif, M.; Munawwar, S. (2005). "Sustainable production of solar electricity with particular reference to the Indian economy". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 9 (5): 444. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2004.03.004. edit (publication archived in ScienceDirect, needs subscription or access via university)] 6. ^ "(look for heading: Solar Photovoltaics)". Renewing India. http://www.renewingindia.org/finren.html. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 7. ^ "Status of Solar Energy in INDIA 2010". http://thesolarity.wordpress.com/2010/09/25/status-of-solar-energy-in-inida-2010/. Retrieved 2011-03-01. 8. ^ a b c d e f Roul, Avilash (15 May 2007). "India's Solar Power: Greening India's Future Energy Demand". Ecoworld.com. http://www.ecoworld.com/products/electronics/indiassolar-power.html. Retrieved 2012-02-28. 9. ^ Estimated medium-term (2032) potential and cumulative achievements on Renewable energy as on 30-06.2007[dead link] 10. ^ Chittaranjan Tembhekar (26 October 2009). "India tops with US in solar power". Economic Times. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-byindustry/energy/power/India-tops-with-US-in-solar-power/articleshow/5161932.cms. 11. ^ PV Resources.com (2009). World's largest photovoltaic power plants 12. ^ Tata Power commissions 25Mw solar project in Gujarat 13. ^ http://www.mnre.gov.in/pdf/powerplants-241111.pdf 14. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhav_Power_Private_Limited 15. ^ http://www.madhavpower.com 16. ^ "Reliance Power to Buy First Solar Panels for U.S.-Backed Project". Bloomberg (India). 5 September 2011. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-05/reliance-powerto-buy-first-solar-panels-for-u-s-backed-project.html. 17. ^ "Adani Power to start two solar projects". The Wall Street Journal (India). 7 June 2011. http://www.livemint.com/2011/06/07001344/Adani-Power-to-start-two-solar.html. 18. ^ "Mahindra Solar Rajasthan unit on stream". The Hindu (India). 10 January 2012. http://www.thehindu.com/business/article2788249.ece. 19. ^ Jaishankar, C. (23 December 2010). "Solar farm launched in Sivaganga district". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tptamilnadu/article971279.ece. 20. ^ "Karnataka gets India's first 3 MW solar plant". Deccan Herald (Kolar, India). 17 June 2010. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/75926/indias-first-3-mw-solar.html. 21. ^ "Conergy deploys 3 MW solar PV power plant in India". renewableenergyfocus.com (Itnal, Belgaum District, Karnataka, India). 21 April 2010. http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/8897/conergy-deploys-3-mw-solar-pvpower-plant-in-india/. 22. ^ Indias First Commerial Solar Power Plant 23. ^ Solar off grid 24. ^ bhel-executes-two-solar-power-plants-in-maharashtra 25. ^ dia-connects-first-solar-power-plant 26. ^ delhi-gets-1-mw-solar-energy-generator 27. ^ thyagaraj_stadium_gets_indias_first_1mw_rooftop_solar_plant 28. ^ /modi-to-dedicate-1-mw-solar-power-plant-in-gandhinagar 29. ^ Mulshi India

30. ^ "World-Bank Backed Azure Starts Up Solar-Power Plant in India". Bloomberg. 8 June 2011. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-08/world-bank-backed-azure-starts-upsolar-power-plant-in-india.html. 31. ^ Bay Area News Group, Sunday 1 January 2012; Sun-drenched India sucks up the rays, author=Vikas Bajaj 32. ^ "Moser Baer May Start India's Largest Solar Plant in 3 Weeks". Bloomberg. 21 June 2011. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-21/moser-baer-may-start-india-slargest-solar-plant-within-3-weeks.html. 33. ^ "Tata BP Solar installs first plant in Tamil Nadu". The Times Of India. 8 July 2011. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/energy/power/tata-bp-solarinstalls-first-plant-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/9152390.cms. 34. ^ orissa-gets-its-first-solar-power-plant 35. ^ "Tata BP Completes Solar Photovoltaic Plant in Eastern India". Bloomberg. 29 August 2011. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-29/tata-bp-completes-solarphotovoltaic-plant-in-eastern-india.html/. 36. ^ http://www.tata.com/article.aspx?artid=pfG3q5JjhJU= 37. ^ http://www.solarserver.com/solar-magazine/solar-news/current/2011/kw39/abengoacompletes-indias-first-csp-plant-at-3-mw.html 38. ^ http://www.aryavgreenenergy.com 39. ^ http://www.mnre.gov.in/pdf/powerplants-241111.pdf 40. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Infra_Limited 41. ^ http://www.greeninfralimited.in 42. ^ Australia to train solar engineers from developing countries[dead link] 43. ^ Barefoot college solar programme[dead link] 44. ^ "Solar power in 3,000 Orissa villages by 2014 [newkerala.com, The Netherlands, 84794]". Newkerala.com. http://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-84794.html. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 45. ^ "The Orissa Renewable Energy Development Agency (OREDA) was constituted as a State Nodal agency in the 1984". Oredaorissa.com. http://www.oredaorissa.com/admin.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 46. ^ by panchabhutha. "orissa Panchabuta Cleantech & Renewable Energy in India". Panchabuta.wordpress.com. http://panchabuta.wordpress.com/tag/orissa/. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 47. ^ "The Energy Business India Energy News, Nuclear Energy News, Renewable Energy News, Oil & Gas Sector News, Power Sector News Orissa approves nine solar power projects". Energybusiness.in. http://energybusiness.in/orissa-approves-nine-solar-powerprojects/. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 48. ^ "Solar chilli drier". Informaworld.com. 1 September 2005. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a723775318~db=all. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 49. ^ "Solar Water Heater". Dnaindia.com. 28 November 2009. http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_live-life-off-the-grid-or-tap-the-sunshine-inyour-backyard_1317492. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 50. ^ Dipannita Das, TNN, 29 November 2009, 04.34am IST (29 November 2009). "More homes opt for solar energy". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/More-homes-opt-for-solarenergy/articleshow/5280270.cms. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 51. ^ Press release - 13 April 2007 (13 April 2007). "Energy (R)evolution: A sustainable Energy Outlook for India". Greenpeace.org. http://www.greenpeace.org/india/press/releases/greenpeace-proposes-a-sustaina. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 52. ^ a b Press release - 9 April 2007 (9 April 2007). "Greenpeace announces comprehensive energy strategy for India to tackle Climate Change without compromising economic development". Greenpeace.org. http://www.greenpeace.org/india/press/releases/greenpeace-announces-comprehen. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 53. ^ "NASA population density map". Visibleearth.nasa.gov. http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_detail.php?id=116. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 54. ^ a b "Energy-Atlas Solar radiation". http://www.meteonorm.com/media/maps_online/world_beam_8100_1.png. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 55. ^ "Regional and World Energy-Maps of Solar radiation". Meteonorm.com. http://www.meteonorm.com/pages/en/downloads/maps.php. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 56. ^ "Solar LEDs Brighten Rural India's Future". Treehugger.com. http://www.treehugger.com/files/2006/01/solar_leds_brig.php. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 57. ^ Dutt, Ram (5 September 2004). "Solar plan for Indian computers". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3623864.stm. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 58. ^ "Barefoot solar engineers". Worldchanging.com. 22 February 1999. http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/000954.html. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 59. ^ "Solar powered rickshaw". Speedace.info. http://www.speedace.info/solar_powered_rickshaw.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 60. ^ SolaRishi[dead link] 61. ^ http://mnre.gov.in/pdf/MNRE_REC_Report.pdf

[edit] External links

Indias "New Solar Mission" opens doors for fast development for the Concentrated Solar Thermal industry worldwide. India's rural poor give up on power grid, go solar [hide]

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