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..IND1AN
INSr,ITUTE
Mechanicai
OF TECHNOLOGY,BOMBAY
Department ,
~r'
.,
.If.
En~~erin9
FLUID MACHINES
E~!~!Y~_Q!~21~~~~!-E!~~~--~~~2!~~_~~~!~~~-~~q:
~9.?"!'!!y~_Q.!~2!~~e~~!_~g~2~ :
These 1. pumps are classified ty~e and (2) as : Rotary Type. Reciprocating
of
a In
piston such as is
suction
a deliver:y
deliver"ypipes
are
connected Each of
of
schematic a non-return
ensure
T-hus
valve delivery
allows pipe
the
cylinder from
the
valve
permits
discharge
the/cylinder.
WORKING:
Movement atmospheric into cylinder water:.stroke.
t. into the
of
the
or pipe
~reates the
the cylinde.r.
piston
for'ward upwards
QacKward
Here centrifugal
'8
it
is
to
that
during superseding
last the
few
years
the
pump has
reciprocating
..
...
.'
-2;
;; pumps.
'I,
The can be
advantages summarized
of as
pump
over
the
recipr('1ca~;i.~'~'
:'c'
;~ype
if
i
:;,
'
,
~~~!'3.!.~~~'=-~~':!~ ., Smooth and even cost flow~ 1. 2. Pulsating Initial
as four centrifugal
-.
: ff ; ,:t. ;~.
, !
13:~~!.~'3.Q~~!!'~-~~~~
flow. cost
times
~. as high
that pLtmp. of
~~
Low initial
Ii : ..':!
.:
, !
3. , t
:l
Construction
& compact
is
simplified .
by elimination
3.
,-,
Complicated
and
construinstallat.,-
ction
J
,
~
oj
of and
many parts
valves,
such
glands
as is
nonetc.
ion
is
more
difficult :
t~...
, ::
return
':
, 1
i"stallation
easy.
!4.
Low maintenance
..".
cost
.-.~., 0"
4.
Maintenance
are high.
charges
: !i
i
,High speed directly
coupling
;!:.~~~
be coupled flanged
IDotors
can
5.
.-
Belt
drive ;;
through
to
.~
electric
or
steam
turbines.
..
,
Easy handling of highly 6... Valves and glands
viscous
.muddy pulp,
fluids
a.nd sewage
..
such
as oils,
paper
cause
required viscolJS
.trouble
to fluids.
when
transmit
water, etc.
chemicals
But following
pump is
used
far
few
applications '
reciprocating Kg/cm
2
build
high more at
upto of
or
efficiency
centrifugal
~
.,
pump to
small
discharge
"
,
.I
i:
..
if
..,1Yo ' " ..':;' .,
~ i .":.
..
-~-'
usually to used~
.emplo,,~d for
B.~ In
be handled.
hydraulic
very higl,
pumps are
t;hey
develope
Depending displacement
ptJ.mps are
pump ~ screw
lobed
pump,
etc.
GEARPUMP:
A single
identical
external
spur
gear
pump
with a
consists
fine
of to Oil
intermeshing
wheels
worJ.:-.ing
c 1.eara.nce
is
keyed
of the
and suction
inlet
casing to
dL',=
between of gears.
the
ca.1"lnot
the
meshing
flow
"1
and
pressure
that
~ gear Fig.2
al
r~g/cm~ wheels',
spur
intermeshing si."ple
hElical
doLc.ble
hel.i.cal
SCREW PUMP: It edge are lhese of in also delivery contact of gears of consists as are fluid they of two or mare the high Because pressure~ noise contali\i~ation. screw i,:; of screw For casing speeds~ o-f major like best fits and their rotors sealing, the ~ears produce quiet used that the mesh gear closel.y pressl.!re ~ stead at" extensivel The'y turn length, capable higher. under where of (Fig.~5j. and very
pumps are
concern.
...
-4 If working fluid is
called
"
0' ;0,
screw
range
compressors.
of -T.. 7
.,
Screw
.and .
compr~ssors
develops
1
'
are.
press~(res
,
available
Llp to
in
8.5
power
v r,
to ..c.:,-t".
3~~IH.P.
...;,
g I cm. 2
'
,;~.
pump.
cons.i:s.t;~. blades
of
a or
rotor v~.nes
~,isc
~av~.ng
a The
n~l.mber rotor
of
slGt turn!:
sliding
I
i
in
a casinQ
are
which
free to
is
slide
boredeC=entric
radially with
to
the
driving
,-, "
shaft.
springs and
ThE
tl,u~
'"anes
the
help
of
form
the
-required
seal ro~or
is
between turns,
trapped.
the
suction
,i
and flows
~hich
discharg. in
force
connections.
.". its side and
When the
casing .'. and
.~he liquid,
~y the. , '. "c.," ya~es, '.
betwee(
i
"
from
inlet
to
.0.'
'.;.;
0~ I. "
'-.;
for
oil they in
of calle rang
~~-~sed, available
Vane
compressors.
of
1~ to
5~~ H.P.
developinq
pre:sures
t~p to
15 Kg/cffi-.
,
.,.c
LOBED
,PUMPS;
These
""
also
-, .'
called ,': as Root's ,'.. .."
...;,
pumps. They reseml
pumps on to
of
the,
r :.
t-otorcre~tes
, ': ':-
constant a
volume contracting
fluid years
system.
out. to often
In avoid
Lobed
rotors for
are
driven
by
extern31 in the
sa
timi flu
th
necessity
I:ta.ve
rotor
l.argt:!
contact
displacements,
relatively
are
used
gases
for
or
shear
particles.
: , .:. r
sensitive
.,...
fluids,.ns
.
well
as flL\ids
wi
entrained
,.j ; :'".-='
i :.
, '
"
If
in
place
of
oil,
gas
,is.1
handled, .,
lobed
pLlmps
called to
lobed
compressors delive~ing
and
are
available up. to
.' ,
in 17.0
power
..,
range
of
30~0 H.P.,
pressures
Kg/cmk.
:CC,/j
.-
.-5rl-f:i CHARACTERISTICS ' -,- Theoretically, volume ~-nd hence conditions. 1 straight 1 ine per OF POSITIVE positive stroke o\f DISPLACEMENT displacement the piston is or UNITS: units per re'.,olutj_on at all' ~'i5pl-:o.-::-of ,..t:-,-..,'":
:on5tant , ;3 .rotor,
theoretical
constan,t
oeiive'~,' b2 losnes, .?
Tt~~oretical as shown
charac~~ristics 6. Due to
wi 11 leL;\kage
however rate
Theoretical
~~tual
flow
rate
pressure
will
be less will
th~n be
is
the as side
flow Fig.b.
is
and actual to
to
!
',~aximum
develope~
infinity.
necessary
.'. pressur~
f 1 ~~I.
valve
case
~n delivery
of accidental
the'
of
safe
sL\dden
JET
PU/":? :
pump nozzle,
(Fig.7) mixing of
of a high
high is of
to
pr;-essure
s'Jrrounding
"fluid mixing
2oergy
sL\cked these
through two
suction
In
mixing
chamber converts
coa}:ial
energ'{.
streams.
Diffuser
preSSLtre
Efficiency
G
of
(H
the
jet
pump
is
defined
as
,~'.
#.
S
Q
d
(H
-H
s)
-H
d
I? =
.
Where, .shown primary for ~uction
~...,ctiGn
.m
at and
in
be used used
boiler-feed increase
pufnping
petroleu~ of ~entrifuq31
-
in mines. pump
(ie/=95
:--~
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