1. What is validity? a. Appropriate, Meaningful, Useful b. Accurate c. Measuring what it is suppose to measure d. A and C 2.

Does validity validate the instrument or the use of the instrument? a. Validate the instrument b. Validate the use of the istrument 3. These are types of validity a. Content, Criterion, Context b. Content, Context c. Content Criterion Construct d. Construct Context Criterion 4. Content Validity tests a. The test items samples the universe of items for which the test is designed for. b. Any variable one wants to predict by measuring other c. Abstract concept made up of interrelated variables. d. None of the above 5. Criterion Validity tests a. The test items samples the universe of items for which the test is designed for. b. Any variable one wants to predict by measuring other c. Abstract concept made up of interrelated variables. d. None of the above 6. Construct Validity tests a. The test items samples the universe of items for which the test is designed for. b. Any variable one wants to predict by measuring other c. Abstract concept made up of interrelated variables. d. None of the above 7. What are ways criterion validity can be established? a. Construct Validity b. Concurrent Validity c. Predictive Validity d. B and C 8. Related constructs should have _________ correlations a. Weak b. Strong 9. What is reliability? a. The extent to which a measurement is free of error b. How close the observation is to the true score c. All of the above d. None of the above 10. What must a test do first before they can finally be? a. Must be valid before reliable

b. Must be reliable before valid c. Either or d. None of the above 11. What is z-score? a. The number of standard deviations that a give value y is above or below the mean b. The number of standard deviations that a give value y-bar is above or below the mean c. The number of standard deviations that a give value x-bar is above or below the mean d. The number of standard deviations that a give value x is above or below the mean 12. The follow are true about Z-Scores a. Commonly used standard score b. Allows comparison and interpretation of virtually any distribution c. Can be calculated from interval an ratio scores only d. Indicates how many standard deviations a score is above or below the mean score e. Communicates a score relative location in distribution f. All of the above 13. What is a unsual value for z-scores? a. Anything less than -2 b. Anything greater than 2 c. A and B d. Anything greater than -1 14. What is a ordinary value? a. Anything between -2 and 2 b. Anything Between -1 and 1 c. Anything between -3 and 3 d. Anything between 2 and 2 15. Normal distribution is a. The famous bell curve b. A well defined distribution that is common in nature c. 95% of the data are in the interval -1.96<z<1.9 d. all of the above 16. What is the formula for Z score sample a. X-mew divided by o b. X x bar divided by s c. X x bar divided by o d. X-mew divided by s 17. What is the population for Z score sample a. X-mew divided by o b. X x bar divided by s c. X x bar divided by o d. X-mew divided by s

18. Q1 separates? a. Bottom 50 from top 50 b. Bottom 75 from top 25 c. Bottom 25 from the top 75 d. None of the above 19. Q 2 separates? a. Bottom 50 from top 50 b. Bottom 75 from top 25 c. Bottom 25 from the top 75 d. None of the above 20. Q3 separates? a. Bottom 50 from top 50 b. Bottom 75 from top 25 c. Bottom 25 from the top 75 d. None of the above 21. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is a. The process of using math tools to investigate problems in order to understand their important characteristics b. The process of using statistical tools to investigate data sets in order to understand their important characteristics c. Both A and B d. None of the above 22. What is an outlier? a. A value that is located far away from almost all the other values b. A value that is located close from almost all the other values c. A value that is located very far away from almost all other values d. A ugly person 23. What can a outlier have dramatic effect on? a. The mean b. The SD c. Scale of histogram 24. What does probability do? a. Represents the probability of how often something is going to occur b. Represents how likely a specific event is to occur c. Both A and B 25. Probability is used to state how confident we can be about the reliability of a particular statistical relationship. a. True b. False 26. A __________ probability value means that we can be more confident that the observed statistical relationships is reliable. a. Larger b. Smaller 27. What is the probability of a impossible event and a event that is certain to occur? a. 0 and 1

b. 1 and 0 c. =1 and 1 d. all of the above 28. What is the rare event rule? a. When data occurs that is extremely probable, we must agree the assumption that it occurred randomly. b. What data occurs that is extremely improbable, we must agree the assumption that is occurred randomly. c. When data occurs that is extremely improbable, we must question the assumption that it occurred randomly. 29. Inferential statistics always start with a a. Observation b. Claim c. Hypothesis d. Answer 30. A null hypothesis is the opposite of a _______. a. Observation b. Hypothesis c. Claim d. Answer 31. The research hypotheses is a formal state of the ______.. a. Observation b. Hypothesis c. Claim d. Answer 32. In research we are very ________ and _________ a. Skeptical and Observant b. Skeptical and conservative c. Conservative and observant d. Careful and Conservative 33. Rejecting HO is a _____ result and not rejecting H0 is a _________. a. Positive and Positive b. Positive and Negative c. Negative and Positive d. Negative and Negative 34. What is a right tailed test? a. Research is > or < and Null is = b. Research cannot be zero but Null is zero c. Both A and B 35. What is a two-tailed test a. Research is > or < and Null is = b. Research cannot be zero but Null is zero c. Both A and B 36. Test is a test statistic and what does it test? a. A value that comes from your sample data; null hypothesis b. A value that comes from the outside; true hypothesis

c. A value that comes from your sample data; true hypothesis d. None of the above 37. A null hypothesis is the negation of the _______ hypothesis a. Null hypothesis b. True hypothesis c. Research hypothesis d. Formal hypothesis e. C and D 38. The following steps are apart of the scientific method. a. Assume that HO is true. b. Select an appropriate sample, perform the experiment or make observations, c. Collect Data d. Set a guideline e. A,B, and C 39. Where do you calculate test statistic from? a. Your hypothesis b. Your sample data c. Your true data d. Your conclusion 40. What does test statistic describe? a. How extreme your data is b. How weak your data is c. How correct you are d. All of the above 41. If HO is true, what is the test statistic is a _______ from a known distribution. a. Variable b. True Variable c. Random Variable d. All variables 42. What is the significance is the probability representing how rare or unusual must a test statistic be in order to reject the null hypothesis a. True b. False 43. What are common choices of significance level? a. .05 b. .01 c. .001 d. all of the above 44. What is the critical region a. Unusually high sample proportions b. Usual median c. The range d. None of the above 45. Critical value is a ______ of the test statistic that is used to determine the result of the hypothesis test.

a. Hypothesis b. Guess c. Answer d. Value 46. If test statistic has a smaller probably than the critical value then the ________ will be rejected. a. Null Hypothesis b. True Hypothesis c. Answer d. Data 47. What are initial conclusion(s) will always be a. Rejecting the null hypothesis b. Fail to reject the null hypothesis c. A and b d. None of the above 48. When do you reject HO? a. When test statistic falls within the critical region b. Does not fail within the critical region 49. P-value is the probability of probability of getting a value more extreme than the _____________ by chance, assuming that the ________ is actually true. a. Null hypothesis; test statistic b. Test statistic, null hypothesis c. Fake hypothesis, test statistic d. All of the above 50. If the p-value is less than the _____________, we reject the null hypothesis. a. Level of significance b. X value c. Critical value d. None of the above 51. If the P-value is less than or less than the significance level, you would a. Reject HO b. Fail to reject HO 52. If the P-value is greater than the significance level, you would a. Reject HO b. Fail to reject HO 53. If HO is = and H1 is > then it will a. Point right b. Point left c. Point both sides d. Point up 54. If HO is = and H1 is < then it will a. Point right b. Point left c. Point both sides d. Point up 55. What is a type 1 error?

a. The option of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true b. The mistake of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true c. The decision of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true d. None of the above. 56. What is a type II error? a. The mistake of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is true b. The mistake of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false c. The decision of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true d. None of the above 57. What does hypothesis tests determine? a. Guess Statistic b. PPO c. Test Statistic d. All of the above 58. What is the critical value method is based on? (95% of usual values, 5% of unusual) a. A statistic b. A statistical model c. The p-value d. The deducitable 59. What is the p-value method a. A statistic b. The probably of getting your test statistic or one more extreme if Ho is true. c. Using the p-value d. All of the above 60. What are type I errors, how about type 2 errors? a. False positive, when you reject Ho, Level of significance; the opposite of type 1 b. When you fail to make the right answer c. When you reject Ho randomly d. When you fail to collect data 61. For one-sample Z test if the null hypothesis is true, does the z has a normal distribution a. Yes b. No