LAB -01- Student Answer

Solution 01.

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. int main(){ 3. int A[10]; /* Array declaration for the input */ 4. int i,j,m,key; 5. for (m=0;m<10;m++) /* To read elements to the array */ 6. { 7. printf("A[%d] element : ",m); 8. scanf("%d",&A[m]); 9. } 10. for (j=1;j<10;j++) 11. { 12. key=A[j]; 13. i = j-1; 14. while((i>0)&&(A[i]>key)) 15. { 16. A[i+1]=A[i]; 17. i-=1; 18. } 19. A[i+1]=key; 20. } 21. for (m=0;m<10;m++) /* To read elements to the array */ 22. { 23. printf("A[%d] = %d\n ",m,A[m]); 24. 25. } }

Exercise 02

Solution 01

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. int main(){ 3. int A[10]; /* Array declaration for the input */ 4. int i,j,k,ThisSum,MaxSum;

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. }

MaxSum=0; for (i=0;i<10;i++) /* To read elements to the array */ { printf("A[%d] element : ",i); scanf("%d",&A[i]); } for (j=0;j<10;j++) { ThisSum=0; for (k=j;k<10;k++) { ThisSum += A[k]; if (ThisSum>MaxSum) MaxSum=ThisSum; } } printf("Maximun Subsequence Sum : %d\n",MaxSum);

Solution 02

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. int main(){ 3. int A[10]; /* Array declaration for the input */ 4. int i,j,k,ThisSum,MaxSum; 5. MaxSum=ThisSum=0; 6. for (i=0;i<10;i++) /* To read elements to the array */ 7. { 8. printf("A[%d] element : ",i); 9. scanf("%d",&A[i]); 10. } 11. for (j=0;j<10;j++) 12. { 13. ThisSum += A[j]; 14. if (ThisSum>MaxSum) 15. MaxSum=ThisSum; 16. else if (ThisSum < 0) 17. ThisSum = 0; 18. } 19. printf("Maximun Subsequence Sum : %d\n",MaxSum); 20. }

Exercise 03

Solution 03

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. int main(){ 3. int A[10]; /* Array declaration for the input */ 4. int i,j,m,smallest,temp; 5. for (m=0;m<10;m++) /* To read elements to the array */ 6. { 7. printf("A[%d] element : ",m); 8. scanf("%d",&A[m]); 9. } 10. for (j=0;j<9;j++) 11. { 12. smallest=j; 13. for (i=j+1;i<10;i++) 14. { 15. temp=0; 16. if (A[i]<A[smallest]) 17. { // To swap the elements. 18. smallest=i; 19. temp=A[j]; 20. A[j]=A[smallest]; 21. A[smallest]=temp; 22. smallest=j; 23. } 24. } 25. } 26. for (m=0;m<10;m++) /* To read elements to the array */ 27. { 28. printf("A[%d]=%d\n",m,A[m]); 29. } 30. }

Exercise 04

Solution 04.

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. int main(int argc,char *argv[]){

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int i,A[10]; if (argc==1||argc==2){ printf("Less arguments \n"); } else if (argc>11){ printf("More arguments \n"); } else {

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. }

for(i=0;i<argc-1;i++){ A[i]=atoi(argv[i+1]); printf("A[%d]=%d\n",i,A[i]); } }

Exercise 05.

Solution 05

1. #include<stdio.h> 2. long factorial(int n){ 3. if (n==0) 4. { 5. return 1;

6. } 7. else 8. { 9. return (n*factorial(n-1)); 10. } 11. } 12. int main(){ 13. int n; 14. long result; 15. printf("Enter the number for factorial :"); 16. scanf("%i",&n); 17. result=factorial(n); 18. printf("%i!= %i\n",n,result); 19. }

lab 2 student answers

Exercise 01. Write a program to read a set of numbers (between 10 to 20) from stdin and arrange them on an array. Sort the numbers in ascending order with the Insertion sorting algorithm. Calculate how many times does it execute the while of the algorithm. Solution 01. #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int A[10]; /* Array declaration for the input */ int i,j,m,key; for (m=0;m<10;m++) /* To read elements to the array */

{ printf("A[%d] element : ",m); scanf("%d",&A[m]); } for (j=1;j<10;j++) { key=A[j]; i = j-1; while((i>0)&&(A[i]>key)) { A[i+1]=A[i]; i-=1; } A[i+1]=key; } for (m=0;m<10;m++) /* To read elements to the array */ { printf("A[%d] = %d\n ",m,A[m]); } }

MAXIMUM SUBSEQUENCE SUM PROBLEM: Given (possibly negative) integers a1, a2, . . . , an, find the maximum value of .

(For convenience, the maximum subsequence sum is 0

if all the integers are negative.) Example: For input -2, 11, -4, 13, -5, -2, the answer is 20 (a2 through a4). Exercise 02. Write an algorithm in psedocode to give the solution for MAXIMUM SUBSEQUENCE SUM PROBLEM. Then write a program to read set of integers from stdin ,store them on an array and give the maximum subsequence sum for the given input.

Solution 01 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int A[10]; /* Array declaration for the input */ int i,j,k,ThisSum,MaxSum; MaxSum=0; for (i=0;i<10;i++) /* To read elements to the array */ { printf("A[%d] element : ",i); scanf("%d",&A[i]); } for (j=0;j<10;j++) { ThisSum=0; for (k=j;k<10;k++)

{ ThisSum += A[k]; if (ThisSum>MaxSum) MaxSum=ThisSum; }

} printf("Maximun Subsequence Sum : %d\n",MaxSum); } Solution 02 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int A[10]; /* Array declaration for the input */ int i,j,k,ThisSum,MaxSum; MaxSum=ThisSum=0; for (i=0;i<10;i++) /* To read elements to the array */ { printf("A[%d] element : ",i); scanf("%d",&A[i]); } for (j=0;j<10;j++) { ThisSum += A[j]; if (ThisSum>MaxSum) MaxSum=ThisSum; else if (ThisSum < 0) ThisSum = 0; }

printf("Maximun Subsequence Sum : %d\n",MaxSum); }

Exercise 03 Consider sorting n numbers stored in array A by first finding the smallest element of A and exchanging it with the element in A[1]. Then find the second smallest element of A, and exchange it with A[2]. Continue in this manner for the first n - 1 elements of A. Write pseudocode for this algorithm, which is known as selection sort. Then write a program for the above algorithm to sort set of numbers. Solution 03 Psedocode: SELECTION-SORT(A) n length[A] for j 1 to n 1 do smallest j for i j + 1 to n do if A[i ] < A[smallest] then smallest i exchange A[ j ] A[smallest] Solution 03 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int A[10]; /* Array declaration for the input */

int i,j,m,smallest,temp; for (m=0;m<10;m++) /* To read elements to the array */ { printf("A[%d] element : ",m); scanf("%d",&A[m]); } for (j=0;j<9;j++) { smallest=j; for (i=j+1;i<10;i++) { temp=0; if (A[i]<A[smallest]) { // To swap the elements. smallest=i; temp=A[j]; A[j]=A[smallest]; A[smallest]=temp; smallest=j; } } } for (m=0;m<10;m++) /* To read elements to the array */ {

printf("A[%d]=%d\n",m,A[m]); } }

Exercise 04 Write a program to read a set of numbers as command line arguments and then store them on an array. Sort the above elements with selection sort algorithm. Solution 04. #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc,char *argv[]){

int i,A[10]; if (argc==1||argc==2){ printf("Less arguments \n"); } else if (argc>11){ printf("More arguments \n"); } else { for(i=0;i<argc-1;i++){ A[i]=atoi(argv[i+1]); printf("A[%d]=%d\n",i,A[i]); } }

Exercise 05. Write recursive and iterative algorithms to find the factorial value for an integer. Implement the above algorithm in c. Solution 05 #include<stdio.h> long factorial(int n){ if (n==0) { return 1; } else { return (n*factorial(n-1)); } } int main(){ int n; long result; printf("Enter the number for factorial :"); scanf("%i",&n); result=factorial(n); printf("%i!= %i\n",n,result); }

Lab 4 Student Answers

Lab 04

Exercise 04

Write a program to read a set of numbers as command line arguments and then store them on an array. Sort the above elements with selection sort algorithm.

Solution 04.

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. int main(int argc,char *argv[]){

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int i,A[10]; if (argc==1||argc==2){ printf("Less arguments \n"); } else if (argc>11){ printf("More arguments \n"); } else {

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. }

for(i=0;i<argc-1;i++){ A[i]=atoi(argv[i+1]); printf("A[%d]=%d\n",i,A[i]); } }

Exercise 05

Write recursive and iterative algorithms to find the factorial value for an integer. Implement the above algorithm in c.

Solution 05

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#include<stdio.h> long factorial(int n){ if (n==0) { return 1; } else { return (n*factorial(n-1)); } } int main(){ int n; long result; printf("Enter the number for factorial :"); scanf("%i",&n); result=factorial(n); printf("%i!= %i\n",n,result); }

Exercise 05.

Write a program to read a set of numbers and store them on an array. Then using the following psedocode for partition procedure for quick sort algorithm, divide the array into two parts giving the partition point.

PARTITION(A, p, r)

1 x A[r] 2ip-1 3 4 5 6 7 8 for j p to r - 1 do if A[j] x then i i + 1 exchange A[i] A[j] exchange A[i + 1] A[r] return i + 1

Solution 05.

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. int main() 3. { 4. int A[8],k,l; 5. void partition(int A[],int a,int b); 6. for(k=0;k<8;k++){ 7. printf("A[%d =",k); 8. scanf("%d",&A[k]);} 9. partition(A,0,7); 10. for(l=0;l<8;l++){ 11. printf("A[%d]= %d\n",l,A[l]); 12. } 13. void partition(int A[],int a,int b) 14. { int x,i,j,temp1,temp2; 15. 16. x=A[b]; 17. i=a-1; 18. for(j=a;j<7;j++) 19. { 20. if (A[j]<=x) 21. {

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. }

i+=1; temp1=A[i]; A[i]=A[j]; A[j]=temp1; } } temp2=A[7]; A[7]=A[i+1]; A[i+1]=temp2; printf("Partition point is %d\n",i+1);

Lab 5 Student Answers

Lab 05

DYNAMIC MEMORY ALLOCATION, MERGER SORT ALGORITHM

Exercise 06.

Write a program to read a set of numbers and store them on an array. Then using the following psedocode for partition procedure for quick sort algorithm, divide the array into two parts giving the partition point.

PARTITION(A, p, r)

1 x A[r] 2ip-1 3 4 5 6 7 8 for j p to r - 1 do if A[j] x then i i + 1 exchange A[i] A[j] exchange A[i + 1] A[r] return i + 1

Solution 06.

1. #include <stdio.h> 2. int main() 3. { 4. int A[8],k,l; 5. void partition(int A[],int a,int b); 6. for(k=0;k<8;k++){ 7. printf("A[%d =",k); 8. scanf("%d",&A[k]);} 9. partition(A,0,7); 10. for(l=0;l<8;l++){ 11. printf("A[%d]= %d\n",l,A[l]); 12. } 13. void partition(int A[],int a,int b) 14. { int x,i,j,temp1,temp2; 15. 16. x=A[b]; 17. i=a-1; 18. for(j=a;j<7;j++) 19. { 20. if (A[j]<=x) 21. { 22. i+=1; 23. temp1=A[i];

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. }

A[i]=A[j]; A[j]=temp1; } } temp2=A[7]; A[7]=A[i+1]; A[i+1]=temp2; printf("Partition point is %d\n",i+1);

Exercise 07.

Modify the previous program (Exercise 06) with quick sort algorithm to sort the elements of the array.

Procedure QUICKSORT (A,p,r) 1 if p < r 2 3 4 then q PARTITION(A,p,r) QUICKSORT (A,p,q-1) QUICKSORT (A,q+1,r)

Solution 07.

1. #include <stdio.h>

1. int main() 2. { 3. int A[8],k,l,q; 4. int partition(int A[],int a,int b);

5.

void qsort(int A[],int p,int r);

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for(k=0;k<8;k++) { printf("A[%d =",k); scanf("%d",&A[k]); } qsort(A,0,7); for(l=0;l<8;l++) { printf("A[%d]= %d\n",l,A[l]); }

1. }

1. void 2. 3.

qsort(int A[],int p,int r) { int q;

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if (p>=r) return; else q=partition(A,p,r); qsort(A,p,q-1); qsort(A,q+1,r); }

1. int partition(int A[],int a,int b) 2. { 3. int x,i,j,temp1,temp2; 4. x=A[b]; 5. i=a-1; 6. for(j=a;j<b;j++) 7. { 8. if (A[j]<=x) 9. { 10. i+=1; 11. if (i>b||i>j) 12. break;

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. }

temp1=A[i]; A[i]=A[j]; A[j]=temp1; } } temp2=A[b]; A[b]=A[i+1]; A[i+1]=temp2; printf("Partition point is %d\n",i+1); return i+1;

Exercise 08.

Write a program to read a set of numbers and store them on an array. Then using the following psedocode for merge procedure for merge sort algorithm, divide the array into two parts giving the partition point.

MERGE(A, p, q, r) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n1 q - p + 1 n2 r - q create arrays L[1.. n1 + 1] and R[1.. n2 + 1] for i 1 to n1 do L[i] A[p + i - 1] for j 1 to n2 do R[j] A[q + j] L[n1 + 1] R[n2 + 1] i1

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

j1 for k p to r do if L[i] R[j] then A[k] L[i] ii+1 else A[k] R[j] jj+1

Lab 6 Student Answers

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>

/** * merge() * Merge two sorted arrays, A with a integers and * B with b integers, into a sorted array C. **/

void merge (int *A, int a, int *B, int b, int *C) { int i,j,k; i = 0; j = 0; k = 0; while (i < a && j < b) { if (A[i] <= B[j]) { /* copy A[i] to C[k] and move the pointer i and k forward */ C[k] = A[i]; i++; k++; } else { /* copy B[j] to C[k] and move the pointer j and k forward */ C[k] = B[j]; j++; k++; } } /* move the remaining elements in A into C */ while (i < a) { C[k]= A[i]; i++;

k++; } /* move the remaining elements in B into C */ while (j < b) { C[k]= B[j]; j++; k++; } }

/** * merge_sort() * Sort array A with n integers, using merge-sort algorithm. **/ void merge_sort(int *A, int n) { int i; int *A1, *A2; int n1, n2;

if (n < 2) return; /* the array is sorted when n=1.*/

/* divide A into two array A1 and A2 */

n1 = n / 2; n2 = n - n1;

/* the number of elements in A1 */ /* the number of elements in A2 */

A1 = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * n1); A2 = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * n2);

/* move the first n/2 elements to A1 */ for (i =0; i < n1; i++) { A1[i] = A[i]; } /* move the rest to A2 */ for (i = 0; i < n2; i++) { A2[i] = A[i+n1]; } /* recursive call */ merge_sort(A1, n1); merge_sort(A2, n2);

/* conquer */ merge(A1, n1, A2, n2, A); free(A1); free(A2); }

/** * main()

* **/ void

The main function for input and output

main(int argv, char** args) { int i, n; int *A; char c;

printf("Please input the number of elements: " ); scanf("%d", &n);

A = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * n); printf("Please input %d integers: ", n); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { scanf("%d", &(A[i])); }

/* print the original array */ printf("************** Result **************\n"); printf("The input array is: "); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("%d ", A[i]); } printf("\n");

/* merge sort A */ merge_sort(A, n);

/* print the sorted array */ printf("The sorted array is: "); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("%d ", A[i]); } printf("\n"); free(A);