, ,

.

.
, ,
, .
,
, ,
.
,
.
1. ,

E=

; ( )
F

- , ();
- , 2;
2. ;

- , ()
- ,

3
.
) <0.2

b) 0.2 0.4

c)

>0.4

3. Lc , /2
Lc =

I
;
F Cos

I - , () ,
136

F - , 2

- t ,

8
. . , ,
.

( 1)-

.
1.
.

0.15-

1250

300

0.15-0.3

II

750

200

0.3-0.5

III

400

150

0.5-1.0

IV

300

100

1-5

200

75

5-

VI

.-

75

0.5 -

VII

150

137

VII

30

,
. ,
, -, , ,
.
,
, .
7 9 /, 1000 .
, 10000
.
2.
.

15

760

680

700

590

530

20

1180

975

920

820

2100

1800

1880

1640

1450

40

3000

2780

2780

2340

400

65

4560

4100

4200

3510

3050

80

5220

4600

4720

4070

3560

.
,
.

138

 8 ,
.
+10 -
.
127, 220, 380 .
42 - .

, ,
.
.
)
)
)
)
.
,
P .
/2
, ,
,

{ 3)- .

.

P . = P S ;

S - , 2 ;

. N
.

P=

P .
;
N
139

 3.
. ""

3-4

4-6

, / 2

,
2

10

20

30

10-15

3.6

6.1 12.3 16.4

15-20

2.9

4.9

20-30

2.4

30-50

1.9

50-120

1.6

50
25

75

100

35.8 45.8

9.1 12.9 21.4 28.7 38.8

7.3 10.6 17.4 232

31

3.3

5.8

8.5 13.4 18.8

24

2.8

4.8

7.3 11.3 15.6 19.9

120-300 1.3 , 2.3

4.1

6.1

9.5

13

16.7

3.6

5.3

8.2

11

14.6

9.3 20.4 25.5 32.8

50

66.6

300

1.1

10-17

17-25

3.7

7.1 14.6 19.3 26.9 41.6 55.5

25-35

2.7

5.1

9.7 13.1 20.4 31.7 42.3

35-50

2.2

3.8

7.5 10.4 16.2 24.2 32.2

50-80

1.8

3.1

5.9

8.4 12.9

80-150

1.5

2.6

5.0

7.0 10.6 15.6 20.8

150-400 1.2
400

1.9

2.2 4.2 . 5.9

1.8

3.4

4.9

19

25.3

13.4 17.8

7.4 10.9 14.5

= 50%; X = 30%; T = 10%; k = 1.3;

-
X -
T -
-
-

: 1
= 24 , = 12 , =50,

140

 = 3.5 , = 50%, X = 30%,

T = 10%,

N=15, ""-
.
:
:
S = = 24*12 = 268 ;
= 50 , =3 4 , S=120 330 .

P 9.5 / :
P=

P S 288 9.5
=
= 182 200
N
15

P . = P N = 200 15 = 3000 = 3 kB ;



.
1 2, 2.5 2
.
.
M
;
U C
M = P . I ;
F=

- *
F -

-
,
U - %

141