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16/02/2012

Data Management

Week #1

Lecturer
Name : Puspita Kencana Sari S.Kom, MTI Email : pkencana2011@gmail.com Phone : 081510365085 Pendidikan : S1: Fak. Ilmu Komputer, UI S2: Magister Teknologi Informasi, UI

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Aturan Kelas
Aturan Pakaian:
Menggunakan kemeja/kaos berkerah Menggunakan sepatu

HP dimatikan/silent-mode DAN disimpan di dalam TAS. Tidak boleh menerima telpon atau SMS selama perkuliahan. Maksimal Ketidakhadiran 3x (dengan alasan APAPUN)

Aturan Kelas
Waktu kuliah dibagi dalam 2 Sesi:
Sesi I: 8.45 10.15 Sesi II: 10.30 12.00

Absen akan dilakukan 2X disetiap awal sesi. Keterlambatan (disetiap sesi) TIDAK DIIZINKAN MASUK kelas dan dikenakan tugas:
Membuat RESUME materi kuliah hari tsb dan dipresentasikan di awal kuliah hari berikutnya.

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Tujuan Pembelajaran
ORGANIZATION / PEOPLE

APPLICATION SYSTEM SOFTWARE SYSTEM DATABASE SYSTEM

INFRASTRUCTURE / HARDWARE SERVER NETWORK WORKSTATION PERIPHERAL

ORGANIZATION
Applicati -on System Applicati -on System

SUPPLIER

INFORM ATION

Decision Making Process

Applicati -on System

D A T A B A S E

S Y S T E M

Applicati -on System

D A T A CUSTOMER

Operational Process

D A T A

Applicati -on System

PARTNER / ALLIANCE

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Silabus
Pertemuan Ke1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pokok Bahasan Introduction to Information Technology Software, Hardware, Telecommunication and Internet Introduction to Database Content Data Resource Management Information Resource Management Information Resource Management (Cont.) Business Process Management and Enterprise Systems UTS

Silabus
Pertemuan Ke9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pokok Bahasan Introduction to Database System Data Modelling with ER Model Relational Model Structured Query Language (SQL) Functional Dependencies & Normalization Backup and Recovery Database Applications UAS

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Referensi
BUKU / BACAAN WAJIB (BW) Paul Bocij, Dave Chaffey, Andrew Greasley; Business Information Systems; Prentice Hall 2003 (BCGH) BUKU /BACAAN ANJURAN (BA) James O Brien, George M. Marakas; Management of Information Systems; McFraw-HiDate 2008 (OM) Raymond McLeod, Jr, George P. Schell; Management of Information Systems; Pearson 2007 (MS) Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon Essentials of Management Information Systems, Prentice Hall 2005 (LL) Elmasri, Ramuz, and Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Addison Wesley 2007 (EN) Ronald Thompson & William Cats-Baril, Information Technology and Management, McGraw-Hill Fathansyah, Basis Data

Sistem Penilaian
UTS : 30% UAS : 30% Tugas : 40%
QUIZ Tugas Mandiri Tugas Kelompok

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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Learning objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to:
distinguish between data and information; describe and evaluate information quality in terms of its characteristics; classify decisions by type and organisational level; identify the information needed to support decisions made at different organisational levels.

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What is Information Technology?

Information

Technology
Technology

Information

The stress should be on the I rather than the T in IT (Davenport, 2000).


Peter Drucker stressed the importance of information to organisational competitiveness in 1993 when he wrote:

The industries that have moved into the center of the economy in the last forty years, have as their business, the production and distribution of knowledge and information rather than the production and distribution of things.

What is IT Infrastructure?
Infrastructure is the physical hardware used to interconnect computers and users.
Infrastructure includes the transmission media, including telephone lines, cable television lines, and satellites and antennas, and also the routers, aggregators, repeaters, and other devices that control transmission paths. Infrastructure also includes the software used to send, receive, and manage the signals that are transmitted.

However, to some information technology users, infrastructure is viewed as everything that supports the flow and processing of information

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What is data?
Data are raw facts or observations that are considered to have little or no value until they have been processed and transformed into information. Example definitions:
(a) a series of non-random symbols, numbers, values or words; (b) a series of facts obtained by observation or research and recorded; (c) a collection of non-random facts; (d) the record of an event or fact.

What is information?
Information: Data that have been processed so that they are meaningful. Example definitions:
(a) data that have been processed so that they are meaningful; (b) data that have been processed for a purpose; (c) data that have been interpreted and understood by the recipient.

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Information summary
Information:
involves transforming data using a defined process; involves placing data in some form of meaningful context; is produced in response to an information need and therefore serves a specific purpose; helps reduce uncertainty, thereby improving decision behaviour.

Figure 1.1 Transforming data into information using a data process

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Types of Information Processing


Classification
placing data into categories

Rearranging/sorting
items are grouped together or placed into a particular order

Aggregating
summarising data; average, total or subtotal

Performing calculations
calculating some group of data

Selection
choosing or discarding items of data on the basis of a set of selection criteria

Information value
Tangible value:
Value of information Cost of gathering information

Intangible value:
Improvements in decision behaviour Cost of gathering information

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Source of Information
Formal communication: Formal communication involves presenting information in a structured and consistent manner. Informal communication: This describes less well-structured information that is transmitted by informal means, such as casual conversations between members of staff.

Information quality dimensions

Time Timeliness Currency Frequency Time period

Content Accuracy Relevance Completeness Conciseness Scope

Form Clarity Detail Order Presentation Media

Additional characteristics Confidence in source Reliability Appropriate Received by correct person Sent by correct channels

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Business Environment

Figure 1.2 The business environment of an organisation and the main factors that influence it

The relation between e-business and IT


E-business concerned with making day-today business activities more efficient by improving information exchange within organisation and between the organisation and its partners
The term e-business covers both e-commerce (buying and selling online) and the restructuring of business process to make the best use of digital technologies The European Commission

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How does information support managers?


Henri Fayol (18411925) devised a classic definition of management that is still widely used in both industry and academia. To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control

Different decision types


Decision behaviour: Describes how people make decisions and the factors that influence them.
Structured decisions: Situations where the rules and constraints governing the decision are known. Unstructured decisions: Complex situations, where the rules governing the decision are complicated or unknown.

Cognitive style: This describes the way in which a manager absorbs information and reaches decisions. A manager's cognitive style will fall between analytical and intuitive styles.

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Is your data hard or soft?


Hard data, also known as quantitative data, tend to make use of figures, such as statistics. Hard data are often collected in order to measure or quantify an object or situation. Soft data, often known as qualitative data, tend to focus on describing the qualities or characteristics of an object or situation. Interviews, for example, are often used to collect qualitative data related to a persons opinions or beliefs.

Management Level

Figure 1.3 Levels of managerial decision taking

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Decisions and management level

Decision Management level Strategic Tactical Operational Unstructured Structured Long Medium Short Type of decision Time scale Impact on organisation Large Medium Small Frequency of decisions Infrequent Frequent

Information characteristics by management level


Information Management level Strategic Tactical Operational Wide Narrow Infrequent Frequent External Internal Less certain Wide Summarised Time period Frequency Source Certainty Scope Detail

More certain Narrow Detailed

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A model of decision making


Stage Intelligence Activities Awareness that a problem exists Awareness that a decision must be made Design Identify all possible solutions Examine possible solutions Examine implications of all possible solutions Choice Implementation Evaluation Select best solution Implement solution Evaluate effectiveness or success of decision

A model of decision making


Intelligence

Design

Choice

Implementation

Evaluation

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Knowledge management
The European Guide to Best Practice in Knowledge Management defines knowledge as: The combination of data and information to which is added expert opinion, skills and experience to result in a valuable asset which can be used to make decisions. It is the essential factor in adding meaning to information. Knowledge may be explicit and/or tacit, individual and/or collective Mekhilef et al., 2003

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