Professional Documents
Culture Documents
62803
2010
........................................................................................................................... 3
..................................................................................................................................... 4
................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1
, ..................................................... 7
1.1 ............................................................................................. 7
1.2 .................................................................................... 10
1.3 , .............................................................................................. 13
1.3.1 ................................................................ 13
1.3.2 ................................................................................................... 16
1.3.3 ............................................................................................................... 17
,
................................................................................................................................................. 22
2.1 ..................................................... 22
2.2 ....................................................................................... 24
2.2.1 ........................... 26
2.3 ........................................................ 27
2.3.1 ................................................................... 27
2.3.2 ............................................................ 28
2.3.3 ....................................................... 28
2.4 - , ................................ 31
2.4.1 .............................................................................................................................. 31
2.4.2 .................................................................. 37
2.4.3 ................................................................................ 37
2.5 - , ............................. 38
2.5.1 ............................................................................................................ 38
2.5.2 - ................................................................. 41
2.6 - ................................................... 43
2.6.1 - ....................................................................... 43
2.6.2 ............................................................................................... 44
2.6.3 , ........................................... 46
2.7 - , ........................................ 51
2.7.1 ................................................................................................................................... 51
2.7.2 - , ............................. 52
2.8 - , ........... 53
2.8.1 ....................................................................................................... 53
2.8.2 .......................................................................... 55
2.8.3 ..................................... 57
2.8.4 - ........ 59
2.9 - , ............... 61
2.9.1 ............................................................................................................................. 61
2.9.2 - .................................. 62
2.9.3 , , ..................... 63
2.9.4 ........................................... 64
2.10 ................................................. 65
2.10.1 .......................................................................................................................... 65
2.10.2 .................................................................................................................... 65
2.10.3 .................................................................................................................... 68
2.11 .................................................... 71
2010
, .......... 73
3.1 ....................................................... 73
3.2 ..................................................... 74
3.3 - , ............................................. 76
3.3.1 - ..................................................................... 76
3.4 - , .................................................. 83
3.4.1 - ..................................................................... 83
3.4.2 - ........................................................... 84
3.5 - , ..................................................... 91
3.5.1 - ........................................................................ 91
3.6 - , ........................... 96
3.6.1 - ................................... 96
3.6.2 - ........................................................ 100
3.7 - , ............................. 103
....... 111
4.1 ................................................................... 111
4.1.1 ......................................................................... 111
4.1.2 ........................................................ 111
4.2 ........................................................................ 113
4.3 ................................................................ 114
.............. 120
..................................................................................................................................................... 122
6.1 ....................................................................... 122
6.1.1 ............................................................................ 122
6.1.2 ....................................................................... 124
6.1.3 ...................................................................... 124
6.1.4 ................................................................................. 127
6.1.5 .............................................................. 129
6.1.6 ................................................................................ 130
6.1.7 ..................................................................... 130
6.2 ............................................................................................. 131
6.3 ............................................................................................................ 134
6.3.1 ...................................................................... 134
6.3.2 ................................................................................... 141
6.3.3 .......................................................................................................... 143
......................................................................................................................... 145
....................................................................................................................................................... 149
2010
1.1. .................................... 8
1.2. (2009 )............................................ 9
1.3. ..................... 9
2.1. , , , 1.0 - ................ 36
2.2. 1.0 - ....................... 36
2.3. (2008 ) ..................................................................................................... 45
2.4. , ...................................................................... 51
2.5. , 2002 2009 . 52
2.6. , ................. 54
2.7. - ............. 56
2.8. , ...................................... 58
2.9. , ........................... 58
2.10. - , .................... 59
2.11. ( ) ........................................... 67
2.12. .......... 68
2.13. ....................................... 68
2.14. .................................................................................................... 69
2.15. , .............................. 70
3.1. , ..................................................................... 77
3.2. ............................................................ 77
3.3. ................................................................................ 78
3.4. - .............. 80
3.5. - ....................... 80
3.6. - , ..................... 81
3.7. ..................................................................................................... 84
3.8. ....... 85
3.9. .................................. 85
3.10. ................................ 86
3.11. ............................................................................................................. 88
1.12. - ........................................ 91
1.13. 1.0 - ........................................ 91
1.14. 1.0 - ..................................... 92
1.15. , - , . .......................... 92
3.16. - .................................................................... 96
3.17. ........................................ 98
3.18. - .................... 100
3.19. ................................................... 100
3.20. .................................................. 101
3.21. ..................................... 102
3.22. .................................................................................................... 105
3.23. .............................. 105
3.24. , ......................... 106
3.25. ................................... 106
3.26. , ............................. 107
3.27. ............................. 107
3.28. ............................................................................... 110
4.1. ............................................................................................ 111
4.2. ....................................................................................... 112
4.3. ........................ 113
4.4. .............................................................. 113
4.5. ........................................................ 113
2010
1.1. ................................................................................... 11
2.1. .............................................................................................................. 38
2.2. ............................................................................................................ 40
2.3. , ................................................................................................... 40
2.4. ......................................................................................................... 44
2.5. .......................................................................................................... 46
2.6. ................................................................................. 47
2.7. .............................................................................................. 48
2.8. ................................................................................................. 50
2.9. ............................................................. 72
3.1. ......................................................................................................... 85
3.2. ............................................................................................................. 87
3.3. ........................................................................................................................... 95
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2010
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1
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3
4
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75 - 90
90 <
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1
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2010
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.
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2
3
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5
6
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8
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16
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20
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22
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10
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12
13
14
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85
2010
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250-864
864-8640
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2010
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1
2
3
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9
10
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2010
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7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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15
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13
14
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4
5
2010
8.
6
7
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2010
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2
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2010
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92
2010
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93
2010
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94
2010
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2010
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55
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21- 194 . 55
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
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,
3.16. -
,
/
2007.12.31
2500
2000
2500
2200
1050
2200
282
198
226
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13881
15420
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210
16981
3500
3000
3800
2000
2800
2500
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216
229
233
195
244
247
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237
236
181
203
234
243
219
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10711
9411
8220
3866
15713
7079
96
,
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
2010
2810
1000
1100
2200
4500
1500
2000
1000
6650
1400
2000
2000
2800
3800
3800
3500
3800
2000
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3800
3800
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204
225
209
213
241
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228
215
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142
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261
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208
207
210
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202
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205
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5 , 14 ,
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. -
29 .
-
.
1. ,
-
2. , %
- %
97
2010
3. , %
- %
()-
.
= % /%
(3.26)
-
()- .
= I
(3.27)
: .
. = 12240 1.4 540 = 9 253 440
- 2007
2009
1.4 / = 12240 1.4 = 17136 .
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75
540
17136
9253440
Glycyrrhiza uralensis L.
3000
15
70
16800
11508
193334400
Hippophae rhamnoides L.
250
50
90
540
5866
3167640
120
25
85
489.6
15000
7344000
1
2
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
300
25
75
1080
Plantago major L.
3200
25
75 11520
7981
9968
8619480
114831360
-
, /
, %
, %
3.17.
300
50
1
2
100
25
75
360
7827
2817720
Leonurus sibiricus L.
80
25
70
268.8
4410
1185408
- :
55
.
98
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2010
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2010
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100
2010
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.
101
2010
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.
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.
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-
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(3.35)
, .
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, %
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, /
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:
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(3.36)
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),
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-
:
102
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2010
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.
103
2010
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.
IV .
.
. :
1. .
.
.
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.
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Ki ;
Ni ;
Ti ,
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(GIS)
,
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.
.
.
104
2010
3. 22.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
, i
1
2
3
1
0.75
0.5
1
0.4
0.25
0.8
0.1
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1
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1
1
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0.03
0
(Ti)-
, , (t) , (t)-
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(- , , )-
. (t)
.
,
,
,
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105
2010
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=> .
:
Ti = t + t + t
(3.39)
t , ;
t - , ;
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,
,
.
.
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.
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1
3
5
7
10
15
3.25.
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1
3
5
7
10
106
2010
3.26. ,
t,
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,
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3
5
7
10
15
3.27.
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3
5
7
10
15
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()- .
. -
. :
Pec = Ptr + Pm
,
(3.40)
Pec- - ,
Ptr- ( ),
Pm- ,
. :
Pm = Em ,
,
(3.41)
=Em - ,
. (Ni)
. ,
, ,
.
107
2010
,
.
.
.
(3.42)
,
Ni ,
(/);
Nbi
Ji ()- ;
Mi , %.
(Ci)-
.
(Zi)-
.
i
J i M i 1 Zi
2
(3.43)
Ci- ;
Ji ()- ;
Mi , %;
Zi- , %.
(i)- 2-
. (i)
2-
.
-
(/1 2)-
.
(Ni)
.
(Ci)
(Ni)- (Nbi)- .
.
108
2010
(3.44)
(3.45)
()-
.
(3.38)- .
(3.46)
.
(3.46)
.
.
(3.47)
12, 14, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30
( 30) (3.46) (3.47)
. .
(3.48)
.
= 1 + 2 + 3 = S1 K1 N1 T Pec + S2 K2 N2 T Pec +S3 K3 N3 T Pec =
= (S1 K1 N1 + S2 K2 N2 +S3 K3 N3 ) T Pec
(3.49)
109
2010
3.28.
,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
110
4
4.1
2010
4.1.1
,
, , . 2007
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
, ,
,
.
4.1.2
-
-
.
Esp = Es * (Ksp(1) Kspr(1) Ksp(i) Kspr(i))
Esp
Es
Ksp(i)
Kspr(i)
(4.1)
- , /
- , /
,
,
2 .
1. :
4.1.
, Ksp(i)
10
2. :
Ksp(i) 1
C(i)
s(i)
(4.2)
111
2010
Ksp(i) - , , ;
(i) - , ;
s(i) - , .
,
,
.
4.2. , Kspr(i)
(Pb)
(Cd)
(Hg)
(As)
(Cr)
(Cr+6)
(Sr)
(V)
(Cu)
(Ni)
(Co)
(Zn)
(Mo)
(Se)
(B)
(F)
(CN-)
() PCB6
-()-
()
/ (PCDD/F)
, Kspr(i)
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
3
3
3
4
,
. .
. :
= Esp Vp Kt Kh 10-4
(4.3)
- , ;
Esp - - , /;
Vp - , 2;
Kt -
;
Kh - ;
10-4 - - 2 .
112
Kt = 2.8328 ln(t)-0.2318;
2010
Kh = 0.0052h + 0.9634
t - , ;
h - , ;
1
2
3
4
5
6-7
t
0.9
1.7
2.5
3.2
3.8
4.6
8-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-
t
5.6
7.0
8.2
8.9
9.3
10.0
4.4. , h
,
0 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 150
150-
4.2
h
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
( , , ) -
3
, ,
. 1.0
:
X= G M
,
(4.4)
X 1.0 3 , /3
,
G-
1.0 3 , / 3
4.5.
, ,
, , , ,
80 / ,
20-80 /, 20-50
,
10 ,
, , ,
10 /-
, , ,
G
0.8- 1.2
0.7-0.9
0.4-0.6
0.2-0.4
0.1-0.2
113
2010
M- 1.0 3
N
A m
i
(4.5)
i 1
i- i-
mi , / 3
i=
>
1 / 3
>
/ 3
(4.6)
- , /3
1.0 3
.
X= X Q
(4.7)
Q , 3
4.3
.
.
,
. :
1. ,
(/3). 8
( ) ( 40 ).
, 2 ,
.
2.
(/3) . 20
( ,
.) .
3.
(/3).
.
:
I > 10.0 /3).
II ( = 1.0 10.0 /3);
III ( = 0.1 1.0 /3);
IV ( < 0.1 /3);
114
2010
()- .
( )
3
() 0.3 / , 0.8 /3
.
. .
= f M 1 2
(4.8)
./;
,
/ ( );
(
);
1, 2 ;
f
;
M
, /.
7-
.
. .
,
,
,
. :
= + +
,
(4.9)
, .
, ,
, .
, .
4.6. 1
K1
0.1
0.15
0.3
0.5
0,75
1,0
1.5
2.0
,
, ,
, ,
10 ,
10-50 ,
50 - 100 ,
, , ,
,
, ,
115
2010
2 :
= 0-15
= 16-40
= 41-80
= 81-150
= 151-200
= 221-500
2=1.3;
2=1.2;
2=1.0;
2=0.7;
2=0.3;
2=0.15;
, ,
,
1
V
V i Si
(4.10)
S
S - , 2;
S(i) , 2;
(i) .
()- ,
, .
4.7. (i)
, , 20 /
, 20-60 /, 100
100 , ,
n /
/ ,
300
, , ,
20 /-
0.1n
: 35000
8
0.2-0.4
0.2
II
0.1
III
0.025
0.25
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.5
, ,
1.0
0.05
0.1
) <10 50
-
2
2
. S = r = 7850H ;
116
2010
) H>10 2
.
:
I = 2 ;
(10)
I = 20;
(4.11)
, .
M 1 ' / 75 ;
(4.12)
T
, .
:
S = 1234.422
(4.13)
) , (, ,
, , ) .
1.0
.
) H
20
.
f-
.
)
<1.0/ ,
4
100
f
(4.14)
;
100 M H 1 U
, U .
3 /- .
, 1.0 /
> 90%.
) 1-20 / ,
f
1000
4
;
60 M H 1 U
(4.15)
1-20 /, 70% < < 90%;
) 20 /- f = 10.
117
2010
h < 70% > 20 / .
f-
.
M
/. :
M
,
m
i
m(i) - , ./;
A(i) i-
A(i) .
i
,
(4.16)
a i D i E i G i Oi ,
a(i)
;
(i) ,
,
;
(i)
( );
(i) ;
(i)
( );
a(i) i-
.
:
(i )
(CO ) (CO )
60( 2 / 6 )
(t ) (t )
(t ) (t )
(4.17)
i- (i) i-
(i) .
.
1(i) , (i) - ,
(i)
.
4.8.
(i)
(, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , )-
(, , , , , , , , ,
,
), , ,
.
118
,
(i)
1
5
2
(i)
1
2
1.5
1.2
1
(i)
1.2
1
2010
- , , , .
45-
- , ;
45- , ;
, ( ,
.),
, , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
, , .
, ( ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
)
400 -
4.9.
A (i)
(. /)
25
35
40
45
60
:
-
-
-
60
70
80
70
100
200
300
500
600
119
2010
.
= -
(5.1)
- ( );
- ( );
-
(
).
, , ,
(, , ,
, , , , .)
.
.
= + +X + + + + +
(5.2)
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
- , .;
1.0
:
= /Q ,
,
= /
(5.3)
Q - , /
- , ;
1.0 (
).
,.
120
2010
5.1. -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.0
1.0 3
,
/3
, /
/S
/ Q
/S
/ Q
/S
/S
/
/
/ Q
/ Q
/S
/ Q
/S
/ Q
/S
/ Q
/S
/ Q
/S
/ Q
,
,
.
( ) :
X
= ++++++++++
(5.4)
;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
;
- ;
- ;
- , ;
- ;
- (, , )
.
.
,
, .
121
2010
, :
:
1. ,
- 100 |
2. - 50 |
3. , , - 50 | => -200
. 500
. 110/35/6
. 500 8-10 .
: 0.7/3 860.0.3 , 600
. - 3.5 3/3, -3010 .3, 752.5
3 , 215 .3 150 .
- 4 .
. ,
.
123 , 2 .
:
Q= 215.3/123 = 1748 3 , 174830.7 /3 =1223.5 .
860 .3 , . 13 4.13
.
6.1
6.1.1
V- , 3;
S- , ;
h , ;
kc- ,
2 3
1.1 .
122
S ob1
Vx k c
h0 1
102000 3 *1.1
56100 2
2
2010
5.61 .
2. 3010.0 .3,
3010.0-107.1 : 1.05 = 2908.0 .3
. 30% 2908.0 0.3 = 872.4 .3
. 70% 2908 0.7=2035.6 .3 .
50 2.5
. 3870.0 0.4 872.4 102 = 573.6 .3 ( )
: 573.6 .3. :
S ob 2
576.3 1.1
252384 2
2.5
25.23
S ob 3
:
Sob= (Sob1 + Sob1 + Sob1) = (5.61 + 25.23 +16.08 ) 1.05= 49.26 .
-
,
49.26 + 51.0 = 100.26 .
, 200
()- .
S z z
123
6.1.2
2010
1.
2.
3. ,
4. ,
51
49
50
50
31
49
45
50
10
10
5
200
, , ,
.
6.1.
-
-
,
10
31
10
49
100
124
2010
.
-,
, - , ,
, .
, , , ,
.
6.2.
g
Bg
8
20
30
50
20
10
10
40
20
5
20
20
30
25
%
0.0
3.0
30
50
8
10
0
0
0
15
30
CaCO3
%
2.5
1.2
-
6.3.
%
/3
8
25.0
0.5
20
12.5
0.9
30
1.5
1.4
50
0
0
1.0
20
3.5
1.2
10
3
1.3
10
1.5
1.3
40
0
0
20
0
0
1.0
5
30.5
0.6
20
27.0
0.5
g
20
25.5
0.5
Bg
30
2.5
1.3
25
0
0
1.0
, /
100
225
63
0
388.0
84
39
19.5
0
0
142.5
91.5
270
255
97.5
0
714.0
,
, , , ,
6 .
125
2010
6.4.
-
-
8
1
/2
0
0
( o)
60
70
5
0
,
, %
0
0
80
80
, % , %
%
0
0
0
, ,
. ,
, , ,
.
.
15 - .
6.5.
%
, /3
5
3.5
1.2
10
3
1.3
10
1.5
1.3
40
0
20
0
, /
21
39
19.5
79.5
6.6.
5
10
10
40
20
,
%
20
30
CaCO3,
%
2.5
1.2
6.7. ( )
-
-
10
,
/
388.0
,
/
0
,
/
388.0
3880.0
31
142.5
142.5
4417.5
49
142.5
79.5
63.0
3087.0
10
714.0
714.0
7140.0
18524.5
126
2010
6.8. ( )
-
-
3880.0
4417.5
3087.0
1
1
1
0.7
1
1
0.5
7140.0
1
0.5
1
1
1358.0
4417.5
3087.0
0.5
1785.0
10647.5
6.9. -
1.0
, .
10
1358
374.8
37.5
31
49
4417.5
3087
1219.2
852.0
39.3
17.4
10
1785
492.7
49.3
100
10647.5
2938.7
6.1.4
: ,
182036.8 3 , 80 .
, 180.0 3 , 0.8
. 0.48 3/, 4.0 / ,
126 0.015 3 .
. () 1.0 3
2000 .
. .
1748 3 4.1 = 7167.0 3 .
:
7167 3 123 = 881516.4 3 = 881.5 .3 .
80%- 7166.83
20.0 : 100.0 = 1433.36 3 1433.36 123 = 176308.23
= 176.3 .3 . 2
, :
.
.
7166.8 3
1433.36 122 = 174870.0 3
3
127
2010
716 6.8 +
174870.0 = 182036.8 3 .
40.0 3
30 . 150 :
150 30 40.0 = 180000 180.0 3/ .
:
182036.8 3 + 180.0 3 = 182216.8 3 .
-
:
10
Y K i H i
i 1
128
6.1.5
25-28
27.5
6.4
30-40
30
4.0-7.5
0.74
0.91
1.00
= 3.4
1.30
20.2
357
1.0
1.1
1.17
: 100 5500 .
32% 5500/1000 = 1578.72 .
: ,
5 /2
= S G /1000 = 195
2.4
1.30
N
22.3
420
M N = 3.4 1.0 1.1 1.17 = 4.37
1.02
0.71
1.5
:
11500
=
85
14
35
:
o
= 3.4
87
10
45
h
q
, :
o
, :
o
2010
- :
= ( + + ) t = ( + + ) (Ka + Kb +Kc) t
= (1149.54+1578.72+3900.00 ) (3.69+1.62+4.37) 4 = 256646.2 .
- t1 = t1/S = 256646.2/195 = 1316.1 . .
129
6.1.6
2010
- , ,
.
SN
,
S y S p S S x S S a
S y - ,
S p -
S -
S x -
S - ,
S a - ,
3 1.0 -
18.0 ., 1.0 -
12.0 ., 1.0 - 5.1
.
200 5 10 -
.
10 : 142.310 = 1423 3 .
1- .
10 - :
10 12.0 . + 10 142.33 96.0 . = 136728.0 . .
6.1.7
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
. , ,
,
, .
.
= G f M ,
, ,
60 /. .
G -
, , ,
20 /- 0.2-0.4
/G= 0.3/ .
130
2010
f -
/- 1.5-3.6, 0.2-0.8 .
f= 2.5 .
M - ,
N
A m
i
i 1
i- i- , ./ ( )
mi i ,
1200 , 500
, 2
.
6.10.
1
2
3
mi, /
1200.5
500
2.0
i, ./
83.5
1.2
1.8
, ./
100241.75
600
3.6
= 100845.35 ./
= (600 0.3 2.5 100845.35) : 1000 = 45380.4 .
4 45380.4 4 = 181581.63 .
1 - 181581.63/200 = 907.6 .
1
181581.4 : 600 = 302.54 ./
6.11.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
/10/
,
.
556.5
1303020.0
1049684.0
97305.6
181581.6
256646.2
136728.0
2938700.0
1 -
,
.
5.5
12996.4
5248.4
486.5
907.9
1316.1
13672.8
29387.0
1
,
.
0.9
2171.7
1749.5
162.2
302.6
427.7
227.9
4897.8
5964221.9
59487.6
9940.4
5964221.9
. .
6.2
, ,
.
X = ++++++++++
131
,
,
2010
;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
;
- ;
- ;
-
,
;
- ;
- (, ) .
.
-
789290.45 ., 647500.6 .,
114943.3 ., 1551734.35 .
. 51.0
,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
5 .0
. 4 20.0 .
5% , . 4
600 1 ,
, 1000 1 46623.8
. (. 1450
). 600 600 46623.8 =
27974276.5 . . 5% 27974276.5 5%/100 = 1398713.8 .
.
132
2010
, ,
.
, ,
, .
500.0 .- .
4 2000.0 . .
,
.
5000.0 .-
.
- ,
4 4000.0 . .
182216.8 3 .
18221.7 . 4 72886.7 .
- .
16 . . 200
200 16.0 = 3200.0 ., 4 12800.0 . .
15 . , 15 $ 200 1.45 = 4350.0
., 4 4350.0 4 = 17400.0 . .
X = ++++++++ = 1551734.35 +20000.0+
+1398713.8+2000.0+ 5000.0+4000.0+72886.7+12800.0+17400.0 = 3084534.85 .
:
.
133
6.3
6.3.1
2010
.
-
.:
1.
50
.
2.
,
.
3. ,
.
.
,
850 2
51.0 . 12 .
1. :
V= S104 h kc= 51 100002 0.2 1.05 = 107100 3
,
V- , 3;
S- , ;
h , ;
kc- , ;
2 0.2 = 102000 3
1.1 .
S ob1
Vx k c
h0 1
102000 3 *1.1
56100 2
2
5.61 .
2. 3010.0 .3,
3010.0-107.1:1.05 = 2908.0 .3
. 30% 2908.0 0.3 = 872.4 .3
134
2010
,
. 70% 2908 .0 0.7 = 2035.6 .3
.
50 , 2.5
. 3870.0 0.4 872.4 102 = 573.6 .3 (
). 573.6 .3
:
S ob 2
576.3 1.1
252384 2
2.5
25.23
S ob 3
:
Sob= (Sob1 + Sob1 + Sob1) = (5.61 + 25.23 +16.08 ) 1.05 = 49.26.
-
,
49.26 + 51.0 = 100.26 .
, , ,
6.12.
:
,
3/
9i = Sihk
9 51100000.21.05 = 1071003
3600 K
t
t=t+t.+t+t.
:
Vi
K
Q
, -
= 1.15
:
:
:
:
:
1 3
= k /T
=
= 0.13
= /T
57.85m 3 /
t- -2
t. -5
t -2
t.- 3, t = 12
Vi
107100
T
K
0.8 1481.1
Q
57.85
=1481.1 90 1.15 1.25 = 183286.1
= 503000 0.015 1481.1/3600 = 3104.3
= 1481.1 2.5 = 3702.75
=3702.75 0.13 = 481.3
= 503000 0.1 1481.1/3600 = 20694.2.
2010
6.13. ,
V = Sihk
V=107100 3
3600 J
L
L
t 3.6 a x
V
a Vx
t
Q- , 3
-
- , (0.8-1.2)
t-
45.55;
100 100
45.55 3.6
10 1.05
11.5 16
q- ,
La, Lx-
,
Va,Vx-
, /
- , 3
- , /3
t- ,
-
:
Vn
Q k
, -
T-
P- , 3
-
= 1.15
- , -
-
1.15- - 15%-
- 1 , 1300
= . k t/T
-
.-
k-
=
:
:
-
= 0.13
13%- .
= t/T
-
-- 10%T-
t-
:
1 3
= + + + +
= /V
107100
1097.3
122 0.8
, , 207565 .9 + 30252.6 =
237818.5 . .
.
136
2010
51.0 40%
. 3870.0. 3 40% = 1548.0 .3
. 51.0 51.0 1000 0.2 = 102000 3
. 4321 ,
, D8R .
3870 860 102 = 2908.0 .3 30%
872.4 .3
40%
6.14. 568.5 . ,
, -
V
Q
= 1.15
= k t/Tk
:
:
ta
3600
t ta t
=
= 0.13
=t/T
3600
4.6 32
0.85
30 32 5
403.5 3
= 630960/403.5 = 1563.7
= 1563.7 40 1.15 1.3 = 93509.85 .
S220LCV
612400 ., 1.5%
= 612400 0.02 1563.7/4800 = 3990.0 .
= 1563.7 2.5. = 3909.25 .
13%
= 3522.25 0.13 = 508.2 .
= 612400 0.1 1563.7/4800 = 19950.2 .
630960.0 3 50 ,
6.15. (769 )
:
:
, -
Q=V
n = Q/qa
= n 2 L 100/100
1.15 P
:
:
:
:
:
1 3
2010
1 .
769 7.5 / .
.
156.7 7.5 1.3 1.15 = 17533.0 .
= k t/T
195.0 .
=195000 0.02 1563.7/4800 = 1270.5 .
=
= 1563.7 2.5= 3909.25 .
= 0.13
=3909.25 0.13 = 508.2
= t/T
= 195000 0.1 1563.7/4800 = 6352.53 .
= 17533.0 + 1270.5 + 3909.25 + 508.2 + 6352.53 = 29573.5 .
= /V
- = 29573.5 : 573600 = 0.05 ./3 50 /3
29573.5 : 1135728 = 0.02 /
, 30%
(3010000 102000 872400 573600)1.130% = 482.46 .3
. 872400 3 + 573600 3 =
1446000 3 30% 14460001.130% = 477180.0 3
, .
100.26 100002 80% 0.2 1.1=176457.6 3
, , .
V = 482460.0 + 477180.0 + 176457.6 = 1136097.6 3
6.16. (D8R )
:
- 3
- 2
,
3/
V1
Q =
, -
:
:
1136097.6 3 , .
3600 V D K
, V-
;
-
;
- ;
-
;
- ;
- .
:
S
ST k
= 1.15
= k t/T
=
= 0.13
= t/T
Q =
1136097.6
1743.8
651.5
,
:
1 2 1 3
,
2010
-: = /S
-: = /V
, , ,
. :
100.26 1002600 2, 0.2 ,
:
V1= 1002600
6.17. (D8R )
:
-, 3
-, 2
, 2/
:
V1 = S h k
V1-
, 3
S- , 2
h-
,
k-
3600 L l x sin J b K
l
n t
Q
S
ST k
250
2
60
100
1002600
1132.2 0,9
983.9
, -
= 1.15
:
:
:
:
1 2 1 3
,
= k t/T
= 503000 0.015 983.9/4800 =1546.6 .
=
= 983.9 2.5 = 2459.7 .
= 0.13
= 2459.7 0.13 = 319.7 .
= t/T = 503000 0.1 983.9/4800 =10310.45
= 132383.75 + 1546.6 + 2459.7 + 319.7 + 10310.45 = 147020.2 .
-:
= 147020.2 : 100.26 = 1466.4 ./
= /S
-:
= 147020.2 : 203530 = 722.35 ./3
= /V
1002600 2 20 1002600 0.2 1.05 =
210546.0 3 .
139
2010
6.18. ,
V = Sihk
V=210546,0 3
3600 J
L
L
t 3.6 a x t
V
a Vx
Q- , 3
-
- , (0.8-1.2)
t-
45.55;
100 100
45.5 3.6
3 1.05
11.5 16
q- ,
La, Lx-
,
Va,Vx-
, /
- , 3
- , /3
t- ,
-
:
Vn
Q k
, -
T-
P- , 3
-
= 1.15
- , -
-
1.15- - 15%-
- 1 , 1300
= . k t/T
-
.-
k-
=
:
:
:
1 3
-
= 0.13
210546.0
1650
159.5 0.85
13%- .
=t/T
= 69600 0.1 1650/4800 =
-
2392.5 .
-- 10%T-
t-
= + + + + = 37001.2 + 478.5+ 4125 + 536.25 + 2392.5 = 44533.5
.
= 44533.5/100.26 = 444.2 ./
= /V
= 44533.5/203530 = 210 /3
140
2010
1 .0
. 1.0
405.47 ./ . 100.26 - 1466.4 100.26 =
147020.2 . .
6.19.
,
:
-, 3
-, 2
, 3/
:
, -
:
:
:
:
:
1 3 ,
V = S h k
t a t t d t
V
Q
241.54
= 20 + 93.9 + 15 + 50 = 178.9
210546
1025.5
241.54 0.85
= 1.15
= k t/T
=
= 0.13
= t/T
= 55000 0.1 1025/4800 = 1174.5 .
= 38309.4 + 234.9 + 2562.5 + 333.1 + 1174.5 = 42614.4 .
= /V
- , /3
= 42614.4 : 203530 = 200 /3
42614.4 : 100.26 = 425.3 ./
:
= + + + + + . + = 117958.25 + 29573.5 + 260570.4 +
147020.2 + 44533.5 + 147020.2 + 42614.4 = 789290.45 .
1.0 - 789290.45 : 100.26= 7872.4 .
6.3.2
,
,
.
141
2010
,
,
,
,
.
.
:
0 = S + N + = 100.26 250 5.0 + 15.0 30 4 + 120.0 =
125325.0 + 1800.0 + 120.0 = 127245.0 .
1 = S 1 1 + 1 1 N1 + 1 = 100.26 300 6.0 + 15.0 25 5 + 150.0 =
180468.0 + 1875.0 + 150.0 = 182493 .
= 0 +1 =127245.0 +182493.0 = 309738.0 .
,
,
0 ,
1 ,
S ,
- ,
-
- , .
- ,
N
,
, ,
, , .
= S + N + + + = 10 1600 5.0 + 18.0 10 30
+ 1500.0 + 300.0 + 500.0 = 80000.0 + 5400.0 + 2300.0 = 87700.0 .
,
, .
S ,
- 1 , /
- , .
- 1 , .
-
N-
, .
, .
- , .
142
2010
,
1 .03 200
. :
= 107100 3 200 = 21420.0 . .
51
107100 3 103446 .0 3 /210546 107100/
. 1 .03
. 1930 + 282 = 2212 /3 .
= 2212 103446 = 228822.6 . .
.
, : 21420.0 + 228822.6 = 250062.6 .
:
= 0+ 1+ + = 127245.0 +182493.0 + 87700.0 + 250062.6 = 647500.6 .
1 - : 647500.6 : 100.26 = 6458.2 .
: 647500.6 : 200 = 3237.5 . .
:
= + = 789290.45 + 647500.6 = 1436791.05 .
6.3.3
. ,
5-30
, ,
.
.
.
= = 1436791.05 0.1 0.8 = 114943.3 .
,
, .
- , .
- , %
143
2010
6.20.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
,
,
13
14
,
,
15
16
17
18
,
.
.3
107.1
1938.06 /3
207565.9
.3
107.1
282.5 /3
30252.6
.3
630.96
=180 /3
117958.25
630.96
50 /
11
2885.7 /3
260570.4
100.26
107.1 3
100.26
210546.0 3
1466.4 ./
147020.2
444.2 ./
211.5 /3
44533.5
.3
100.26
1466.4 ./
147020.2
203530.0
209 /3
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.3
29573.5
789290.45
100.26
1269.1
127245
100.26
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182493
10
8770 ./
87700
210546.0
1180.0/3
250062.6
647500.6
114943.3
1551734.35
1551734.35 : 4 = 387933.6 ./
144
2010
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
. . 1995.
. 1995.
/ /. 2006.07.28
. 1995.03.30
/ /. 2002.06.07
. . 1997.04.24
1995 152 (1-5 ).
Gillian Duggin. An Overview of Natural Resource Damage Assessment 2007.
. -5 , , 2005.
- , , 2004.
. , , -
, , , 2004.
.
, , , 35- ,
2007.
., ., . - - . .
- , , 2006.
D.Avaadorj, Ya.Baasandorj, N.Nyamsambuu. The ecological assessment of the cultivated land of
Mongolia. Extended Abstracts of International Congress on the State and Dynamics of Geosciences and
Human Geography of Mongolia. p. 194-197, FU Berlin 2000.
O.Batkhishig, F.Lehmkuhl, Degradation und Desertification in der Mongolei Petermanns
Geographische Miiteilungen, 147, 2003/5, p. 48-49
Dorjgotov D, Batkhishig O, Nyamsambuu N, Land degradation and desertification problem in
Mongolia Extended abstracts of Mongolia and Korea First joint seminar Environmental change of
north east Asia (Sept. 2002 Ulaanbaatar)
Agricultural Policies and Soil Degradation in Western Canada: An Agro-Ecological Economic
Assessment Project Summary Staff Report 96-SR 83 August 1996. Center for Agricultural and Rural
Development Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011
David Pimentel, Edward L. Skidmore, and Stanley W. Trimble. Rates of Soil Erosion. Science 19
November 1999: Vol. 286. no. 5444, p. 1477
Dick Thompson Soil Erosion National Soil Resources Institute Cranfield University UK Contributors:
Christine Le Bas, Josef Kozak Advisors: Olaf Dwel, Dominique King A workshop in support of the
Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection Common Criteria for Risk Area Identification in the Soil
Framework Directive BGR, Hannover, 25 April 2007
Ecosystem valuation. Dennis M. King, Ph.D, Univ. of Maryland, and Marisa Mazzotta, Ph.D, Univ. of
Rhode Island. 2005.
GAIA Resources SA. Opportunities are Above-Ground. Academy & Finance Conferense on
Commodities Investing. Geneva, Suisse, November 28 th, 2006.
F.J. Murcia1, M.J. Gomez1, A Palop, G.Garcia1 Assessment of mining soil improvement after
construction and demolition wastes amendment additions evaluated by microbiological analysis Global
NEST Journal, Vol 9, No 3, pp 224-228, 2007.
Ning Datong. An Assessment of the Economic Losses Resulting from Various Forms of Environmental
Degradation in China. 2006.
Overview of land value conditions Land and water development division Land and plant nutrition
management service. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations Rome, 2003.
. , . , 1999
(UNEP)-
, 2004
Dave Marcouiller. Water issues in Wisconsin, The economic value of water, 2000.
.. -
. 1987.
145
,
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
2010
.
, 2005.
2007.
, 2006.
, , , 1976.
1978.
, 2006.
2004-2005 2006.
2005-2006 2007.
.. -
. .: . , 1980, 31-42.
., . . 59-60. . 1965. 107.
- , -, - . . 1988. 36 .
. , . . 1983. 265 .
, , 2005, :., .
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. //
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1985.
., ., . , . 1972.
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. 1983.
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. . .
. 1996.
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., . . 2005.
, . 1992.
/---/
--- . , 1993.
. I, II .
. . . 1970.
. . . 2001.
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. - -- . - ,
129-133. . 1990.
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. I-VIII. . -.1965.
. . I-II. 1988, 1990.
. I-XXX. .-. 1934-1964.
. . . 2001.
.., . - . (.1:1500000), ; ,
, . 1979.
Flora China. 1994-2004.
. (Lasiopodomys brandtii) ,
. . . 1989. 94-124.
. (Marmota sibirica). , , , .
. 2000. .
146
,
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
2010
. . .
1997. 5-21.
.., .. . . 76.
- . 1995
. .
. . . 1993.
. . . 2000 (
)
. , .
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., .., .. . .
1992. . 199 .
I, II . 2000.
. . , 1983. . 452
.
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. -: 1988. 451 .
.. (
) .: . . 1980. 88-110.
.., .., .., .., ...
. : . . 1980. 115-151.
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. . 1987. .104.
,
. 1995.
.. . .1974 . 301 .
. 1997 .
. . I, II . . 1986.
.., .., ... . . Euchoreutinae,
Cardiocraniinae, Dipodinae. . , 1996. 271 .
.., ., .., ., .., ., ..,
.., ... () , - . 1996.
.., .. (. ). . (, , ,
). , 1998.
.., .., ...
(Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia). 1985, 103 .
.., ... .
. 1980. 350 .
. . .
1989. 126-159.
. (. ). . , II . 388 .
, 1998 .
. 1998.
. . . 1973 ( .) . 253.
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gutturosa populatin. Oryx. Vol. 31,2. 1997.
Chan Simba, A.V. Maksimuk and L.V. Zhirnov. (compiled by S.V. Nash).
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., . .
., 1994.
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,
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
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112.
113.
114.
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.. , 1998.
., .. . : , 1997.
., .. . /: , 1997.
.. , 2005.
.
. -
. - , , 2009. 103.
- , 2005
Habitat Equivalency Analysis: an overview. Damage Assessment and Restoration Program. National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Department of Commerce March 21, 1995
(Revised October 4, 2000 and May 23, 2006), 24 pages
D.M.King. Comparing Ecosystem Services and Values. With illustrations for performing Habitat
Equivalency Analysis. U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
dministration. Damage Assessment and Restoration Program Silver Spring, Maryland 20910. (1997).
www.hi-edu.ru/e-books/x-book101
148
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1.15
1.05
1.40
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.34
0.25
0.21
0.27
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.20
0.38
1.19
1.92
1.33
1.60
1.08
1.65
1.95
1.53
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
1.53
1.50
1.75
1.96
2.07
1.65
1.20
0.72
0.96
0.84
0.96
0.84
0.84
0.34
0.24
0.24
0.45
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.91
1.40
1.40
1.50
1.25
1.25
1.25
0.35
0.35
0.35
1.50
0.75
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.50
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.45
0.38
0.38
0.45
154
,
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
0.30
0.30
0.33
0.33
0.25
0.33
0.20
0.20
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.68
0.80
1.00
0.60
1.35
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1.40
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1.40
1.40
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.88
1.40
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
1.40
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
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1.40
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0.45
0.45
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
2010
0.88
0.88
0.88
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1.40
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
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1.65
1.65
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2010
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2010
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I = I2007 I2008
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165