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62803

2010

........................................................................................................................... 3
..................................................................................................................................... 4
................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1

, ..................................................... 7
1.1 ............................................................................................. 7
1.2 .................................................................................... 10
1.3 , .............................................................................................. 13
1.3.1 ................................................................ 13
1.3.2 ................................................................................................... 16
1.3.3 ............................................................................................................... 17

,
................................................................................................................................................. 22
2.1 ..................................................... 22
2.2 ....................................................................................... 24
2.2.1 ........................... 26
2.3 ........................................................ 27
2.3.1 ................................................................... 27
2.3.2 ............................................................ 28
2.3.3 ....................................................... 28
2.4 - , ................................ 31
2.4.1 .............................................................................................................................. 31
2.4.2 .................................................................. 37
2.4.3 ................................................................................ 37
2.5 - , ............................. 38
2.5.1 ............................................................................................................ 38
2.5.2 - ................................................................. 41
2.6 - ................................................... 43
2.6.1 - ....................................................................... 43
2.6.2 ............................................................................................... 44
2.6.3 , ........................................... 46
2.7 - , ........................................ 51
2.7.1 ................................................................................................................................... 51
2.7.2 - , ............................. 52
2.8 - , ........... 53
2.8.1 ....................................................................................................... 53
2.8.2 .......................................................................... 55
2.8.3 ..................................... 57
2.8.4 - ........ 59
2.9 - , ............... 61
2.9.1 ............................................................................................................................. 61
2.9.2 - .................................. 62
2.9.3 , , ..................... 63
2.9.4 ........................................... 64
2.10 ................................................. 65
2.10.1 .......................................................................................................................... 65
2.10.2 .................................................................................................................... 65
2.10.3 .................................................................................................................... 68
2.11 .................................................... 71

2010

, .......... 73
3.1 ....................................................... 73
3.2 ..................................................... 74
3.3 - , ............................................. 76
3.3.1 - ..................................................................... 76
3.4 - , .................................................. 83
3.4.1 - ..................................................................... 83
3.4.2 - ........................................................... 84
3.5 - , ..................................................... 91
3.5.1 - ........................................................................ 91
3.6 - , ........................... 96
3.6.1 - ................................... 96
3.6.2 - ........................................................ 100
3.7 - , ............................. 103

....... 111
4.1 ................................................................... 111
4.1.1 ......................................................................... 111
4.1.2 ........................................................ 111
4.2 ........................................................................ 113
4.3 ................................................................ 114

.............. 120


..................................................................................................................................................... 122
6.1 ....................................................................... 122
6.1.1 ............................................................................ 122
6.1.2 ....................................................................... 124
6.1.3 ...................................................................... 124
6.1.4 ................................................................................. 127
6.1.5 .............................................................. 129
6.1.6 ................................................................................ 130
6.1.7 ..................................................................... 130
6.2 ............................................................................................. 131
6.3 ............................................................................................................ 134
6.3.1 ...................................................................... 134
6.3.2 ................................................................................... 141
6.3.3 .......................................................................................................... 143

......................................................................................................................... 145
....................................................................................................................................................... 149

2010


1.1. .................................... 8
1.2. (2009 )............................................ 9
1.3. ..................... 9
2.1. , , , 1.0 - ................ 36
2.2. 1.0 - ....................... 36
2.3. (2008 ) ..................................................................................................... 45
2.4. , ...................................................................... 51
2.5. , 2002 2009 . 52
2.6. , ................. 54
2.7. - ............. 56
2.8. , ...................................... 58
2.9. , ........................... 58
2.10. - , .................... 59
2.11. ( ) ........................................... 67
2.12. .......... 68
2.13. ....................................... 68
2.14. .................................................................................................... 69
2.15. , .............................. 70
3.1. , ..................................................................... 77
3.2. ............................................................ 77
3.3. ................................................................................ 78
3.4. - .............. 80
3.5. - ....................... 80
3.6. - , ..................... 81
3.7. ..................................................................................................... 84
3.8. ....... 85
3.9. .................................. 85
3.10. ................................ 86
3.11. ............................................................................................................. 88
1.12. - ........................................ 91
1.13. 1.0 - ........................................ 91
1.14. 1.0 - ..................................... 92
1.15. , - , . .......................... 92
3.16. - .................................................................... 96
3.17. ........................................ 98
3.18. - .................... 100
3.19. ................................................... 100
3.20. .................................................. 101
3.21. ..................................... 102
3.22. .................................................................................................... 105
3.23. .............................. 105
3.24. , ......................... 106
3.25. ................................... 106
3.26. , ............................. 107
3.27. ............................. 107
3.28. ............................................................................... 110
4.1. ............................................................................................ 111
4.2. ....................................................................................... 112
4.3. ........................ 113
4.4. .............................................................. 113
4.5. ........................................................ 113

2010

4.6. 1 ............................................................................................................ 115


4.7. (i) .............................................. 116
4.8. ............................................................................ 118
4.9. ............................................... 119
5.1. - ..................................................... 121
6.1. ..................................................................................................... 124
6.2. .................................................................... 125
6.3. .......................................................................... 125
6.4. ..................................................................................... 126
6.5. ............................................................................................ 126
6.6. ................................................................................................... 126
6.7. ( ) ......................... 126
6.8. ( ) ................................................................... 127
6.9. - .......................... 127
6.10. ............................................................................................... 131
6.11. ................................................ 131
6.12. ............................................................... 135
6.13. , .......................................... 136
6.14. 568.5 .3 , ........................................ 137
6.15. (769 ) ............................................................................... 137
6.16. (D8R ) ................................................. 138
6.17. (D8R ) ........................................................... 139
6.18. , ........................ 140
6.19. ........................................................................................................ 141
6.20. ......................................................................... 144


1.1. ................................................................................... 11
2.1. .............................................................................................................. 38
2.2. ............................................................................................................ 40
2.3. , ................................................................................................... 40
2.4. ......................................................................................................... 44
2.5. .......................................................................................................... 46
2.6. ................................................................................. 47
2.7. .............................................................................................. 48
2.8. ................................................................................................. 50
2.9. ............................................................. 72
3.1. ......................................................................................................... 85
3.2. ............................................................................................................. 87
3.3. ........................................................................................................................... 95

2010

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1.2. (2009 )

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1.3.

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

12.7

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10 - 5

0-5

77

2010

3.3.

1
2
3
4
5

( )
, /2
, %
, %
, %

<3
0
> 90
0
0

3 -5
<1
70 - 90
< 10
0-20

5 -8
1-2
50 - 70
10-30
20-40

8 - 15
2-3
30 - 50
30-50
40-60

15 - 25
3-5
10 - 30
50-70
60-80


25 <
5<
10 >
70-100
80 <

:
.
1:5000 1:25 000 .

.
- .

, .
,
.
, ,
. ,
, , .
:
, ,

.
.


.
- .

Es
,

OR s K p K g K s S H e

(3.17)

ES - , ;
ORs , /;
Kp ;
Kg- ;
Ks ;
S ;
He 1.0 , /

78

2010

:

.
OR[s] = OR[Ad] + OR[A] + OR[AB] + . + OR[B] + OR[]
,

OR[s]
OR[Ad]
OR[A]
OR[AB]
OR[B]
OR[]

(3.18)

- , /
- d , /
- , /
- B , /
- B , /
- , /.

,
.
.
:
or[A] = o[A] b[A] h[A] 104
or [A]
o [A]
b [A]
h [A]

(3.19)

- , /;
- , %;
- /3;
- , .

,
,
3.1- .
:
Os [i] = or[i] S[i]
or[i]
S[i]

(3.20)

-
-

:
O

Os [1] + Os [2] + Os [3] Os [i]

N
or > i @ S >i @
i 1

(3.21)

O
- , /
or [i] - i- , /
S [i] - i- ,

:
, , ,
,
. ,
50 , C 50

1.0 . 10-20
, 200 -300 .

79

2010

- 1.0
. 0.5
, 1.0
.

1.0
. 50
- ,
.
:
- ,
,
, , ,
.
3.4. -
()

,
% (>2)


,
Na
-/100.

, %
EC dS/m

1
< 10
1.0

0.2


2
3
4
5
6
10 - 25
25 - 50
50 - 75
75 - 90
90 <
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.1
/-
1
0.9
0.7
0.3
0.1

< 0.1

0.1-0.3

0.3

0.3-0.5

0.5-1.0

1.0 <

<1
1
< 30
1
<1
1
<5
0.5

1-4
0.9
30-20
1
1-3
0.9
5-6.5
0.8

4.0
0.7
20-10
1
3-5
0.8
6.5-7.5
1

4-6
0.5
10 - 5
0.9
5-10
0.5
7.5-8
1

6-10
0.3
0-5
0.7
10-20
0.3
8-9
0.8

10 <
0.1

0.5
20 <
0.1
9<
0.5

3.5. - (Kg)

(o)


, /2

,
%


, %

,
, %


, %

1
< 3
1
0
1
> 90
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0.3

2
3 - 5
0.9
<1
1
70 - 90
1
< 10
0.9
0-20
0.9
0-20
0.9

0.5


3
4
5 - 8
8 - 15
0.7
0.5
1-2
2-3
0.9
0.7
50 - 70
30 - 50
0.9
0.8
10-30
30-50
0.7
0.5
20-40
40-60
0.8
0.7
20-40
40-60
0.7
0.5

1.0
0.9

5
15 - 25
0.3
3-5
0.5
10 - 30
0.7
50-70
0.3
60-80
0.6
60-80
0.3

0.3

6
25 <
0.1
5<
0.3
10 >
0.6
70
0.1
80 <
0.5
80 <
0.1

0.1
80

2010

,

.
( 3.4, 3.5).
3.6. - , ,
(Ks)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

15
16

19
20
21
22
23
24
25

18

9
10
11
12
13
14

17

26

27
28
29
30
31

0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4

0.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.4
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

1.0

-
-

0.5

,



-

0.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.6
1.0

, ,
3.6- .
-
,
.

81

2010

.
,
.
:
2009 40.0 3 660 000 . 1.0 3 16
500 .
. , ,
.
:
,
. 1 ,
, 1 .
1
.
:

.
5 , 6 ,
( 3.4, 3.5, 3.6).
2010 1.0 3 5%-
16 500 . 0.06 60
.

. 2010 1.0 276 .
- :

- . ,
,
, , , -
.
.
,
.

82

2010

.

. :
(, ,
.);
;
;
.

. : -, -,
.
3.4

- ,

3.4.1 -

. , ,
.

. :
- , , ;
- , -, , , , ,
;
- , , -, -, ,
, , , .
2.0 / 2
, , , , ,
, , ,
. () 1.0
2000 . 0.5-1.9 / 2
, , 1.0 800 ,
0.02-0.5 / 2 , ,
1500 , 0.01 / 2 1800
. ,
, , , -
1.0 3 2000.0 .
, ,
. -


:

83

,
10

2010

(3.22)

Hi

i 1

- , ;
i , 3
1 ,
K2 ,

K3
K4 ,
K5 ,
K6
K7

K8
( 1 )
, ;

3.4.2

1.0
0.42
1.40
0.1
1.8
0.15
2.0
2.0

,
.

, - ,
.
-
.
12 ,
.
3.7.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

1.0 3 ,
2833
2035
1786
2161
1267
702
1619
1824
2396
2032
1343
2075

84

2010

3.1.

-
()- . :
= ( + . + . ) V

(3.24)

, /3;

;
. ;
. ;
V - , 3
-
3.8.
,

1.
2.
3.
4.


(V), .3
0.2-
0. 2-2.0
2.0-
*
V < 0.22.0< V

0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.46


0.2
0.3
0.4
0.21
0.31
0.41
0.22
0.32
0.42
0.23
0.33
0.43
0.86
1.26
1.66

3.9. , .

1.
2.
3.
4.



()
0.01-
0.01-0.1
0.1-0.3
0.3- **
< 0.010.3<

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1.0


0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.7
1.4
1.8
2.2

85

2010

3.10. , .

1.
2.
3.
4.


(V),
3/
250
250-864
864-8640
8640-

***
V< 2508640< V

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5

0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6

0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7

1.0

1.4

1.8

2.2

- (
0.13; 0.23; 0.33; 0.43
).
** - - (),
0.4; 0.5;0.6; 0.7 .
*** - - (V)-
0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7 ( : .).

86

2010

3.2.

87

1.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

2.

3.
4.

3.11.

,
10
11
1
2
2
3
9
12
14
15
25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6

-
-

2010

5.

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4

88

-
-

6.

5
6
7
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
1
2
3
4
7.

1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1
2
1
2
3
4
5

5
1
2
3
4
5

2010

8.

6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
16
1
2
3
4
5
6

89

-
-

9.

10 .

7
8
9
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
11.

,
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5

--

3--

2010


12.

1
2
3
4
5
6
1
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3

6
1
2
3
4
5
6

90

3.5

2010

- ,

3.5.1

,
, ,
, 2009 12
11- - 394
-
.
1.12. -
//
/

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

/, , /

12

408000
336600
306000
255000
204000
141000
120000
102000
90000
90000
81000

268000
217800
201000
165000
132000
93000
78000
66000
60000
60000
51000

192000
158400
144000
120000
96000
66000
57000
48000
42000
42000
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108000
89100
81000
66000
54000
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27000
24000
24000
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60000

39000

28500

15960

: - ,
,
. :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

, -2.9
, -1.8
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// - 1.0
// - 1. 4

1.13. 1.0 -
/./
/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

49200.0
42075.0
36900.0
38100.0
25500.0
14286.0
11100.0
9900.0

32400.0
27720.0
24300.0
24900.0
16800.0
9286.0
7200.0
6600.0

23200.0
19800.0
17400.0
18000.0
12000.0
6857.0
5100.0
4800.0

13200.0
11385.0
9900.0
10200.0
6900.0
3943.0
2940.0
2670.0
91

,
9
10
11
12
13

/, , /

2010

8400.0

5400.0

3900.0

2220.0

7400,0

4800.0

3400.0

1955.0

5400.0
3210.0
1620.0

3600.0
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2610.0
1530.0
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1470.0
840.0
420.0

: , , .
.
1.14. 1.0 -

/
1
2
3
4
5



,


/
/

10200.0

/./

6720.0
4800.0
2760.0

8500.0

5600.0

4000.0

2300.0

7650.0

5040.0

3600.0

2070.0

7300,0

4980.0

3700.0

2340.0

6800.0

4480.0

3200.0

1840,0

,
, ,

, , ,

.
.

. ,
- .
1.15. , - , .
/
1
2
3

//
<1
50.0
30.0

1-2
100.0
60.0

2-3
150.0
90.0

3-4
200.0
120.0
5.0

4-5
250.0
150.0

5-6
300.0
200.0

6<
350.0
250.0

:
1. , , ,

.
2. : , , , , ; : ,
, , , .
,
, -

,
.

92

2010

,
2 ,
.

.

1. ;
2. :
- ;
- , .

1. ;
- ;
- , ;
- , .

1. :
- , , , ;
- , , .

1. ,
.
2007
. , ,

.
, 30
,
,

, .
- ,
,

, ,
.

S S  S  S  S  S n
S = S + S + S + S + Sn

(1.25)

93

2010

S - , ;
S - , ;
S - , ;
S , ;
S , ;
Sn , .

-
. -
. ,

, , ,
.

94

2010

3.3.

95

3.6

2010

- ,



. -

.
3.6.1

- -
, /Sc.D/, .,
., -
, /Ph.D/, .
- - .
55
- ( )- 2008 5
21- 194 . 55
- 3.16- .

1
2
3
4

()-Cistanche deserticola Ma.


-Juniperus Sabina L.
()-Rhodiola rosea L.
( )-Zygophyllum potaninii
Maxim.
-Sambucus manshurica Kitag.
-Valeriana alternifolia Ledeb.
-Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.
-Gentiana acuta Michx.
-Sophora alopecuroides L.
-Paeonia amonala L.
() -Bergenia crassifolia (L.)
Fritsch.
-Cacalia hastate L.
-Crataegus sanguinea Pall.
-Ephedra sinica Stapf.
-Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.
()-Polygonum viviparum L.
-Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.
-Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

-
,

3.16. -

,
/
2007.12.31

2500
2000
2500

2200
1050
2200

282
198
226

18220
13881
15420

3000

1050

210

16981

3500
3000
3800
2000
2800
2500

1050
2200
2200
1050
1050
2200

216
229
233
195
244
247

18531
12240
14360
9831
13301
11530

3800

2200

256

15050

1400
2000
2000
1500
2500
2600
1000

1050
1411
1050
762
1776
2285
815

237
236
181
203
234
243
219

9591
10711
9411
8220
3866
15713
7079
96

,
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55

-Pteridium aduilinum (L.) Kuhn.


-Stellera chamaejasme L.
- Ephedra przewalskii Stapf.
()-Rosa acicularis Lindl.
-Plantago major L.
-Iris tenuifolia Pall.
-Hippophae rhamnoides L.
-Chiazospermum erectum L.
-Thymus gobicus Tschern.
-Leonurus sibiricus L.
-Artemisia frigida Willd.
()-Artemisia sieversiana Wilid.
()-Carduus crispus L.
-Odontites rubra (Baumg.) Pers.
-Myricaria dahurica (Willd.) Bunge.
-Fragaria orientalis Losink.
-Trollius asiaticus L.
-Tribulus terrestris L.
-Hyoscyamus niger L.
-Ledum palustre L.
-Lilium pumilum Delile.
-Urtica cannabina L.
-U. dioica L.
-Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.)
Beauvd.
()-Berberis sibirica Pall.
( )-Larix sibirica Ledeb.
-Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
-Dianthus superbus L.
-Sanguisorba officinalis L.
-Ribes diacantha Pall.
( )-Vaccinium uliginosum L.
( )-Pinus sylvestris L.
-Padus asiatica Kom.
( )- Ribes nigrum L.
()- R. altissimum Turcz.
()-R. rubrum L.
-Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br.

2010

2810
1000
1100
2200
4500
1500
2000
1000
6650
1400
2000
2000
2800
3800
3800
3500
3800
2000
3800
3800
3800
2000
2000

1702
755
815
1296
845
1296
845
845
815
845
1050
1050
1050
1050
1050
1411
1050
1050
1050
1050
2200
1050
1050

251
210
204
225
209
213
241
201
228
215
147
142
182
193
204
261
215
195
189
188
229
146
149

10375
2667
2649
4512
7120
2822
4190
2490
10094
3150
5451
5401
7801
7661
14601
9991
10631
5931
10371
10361
9660
5441
5471

2000

1050

162

5601

3500
3500
2000
2500
1500
1500
1400
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000

1411
1050
1411
1050
1050
1411
1411
1050
1411
1411
1411
1411
1050

219
208
207
210
209
243
202
196
205
233
203
205
161

9571
9811
5701
7331
4821
4811
4251
5941
5681
5961
5661
5681
5591

5 , 14 ,
36 35 , 50 , 55
. -


29 .

-
.
1. ,
-
2. , %
- %

97

2010

3. , %
- %
()-
.
= % /%
(3.26)
-
()- .
= I
(3.27)
: .
. = 12240 1.4 540 = 9 253 440
- 2007
2009
1.4 / = 12240 1.4 = 17136 .

Valeriana officinalis L.

75

540

17136

9253440

Glycyrrhiza uralensis L.
3000
15
70

16800

11508

193334400

Hippophae rhamnoides L.

250

50

90

540

5866

3167640

Crataegus sanguinea Pall.

120

25

85

489.6

15000

7344000

1
2

Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
300
25
75
1080
Plantago major L.
3200
25
75 11520

7981
9968

8619480
114831360

-
, /



, %


, %

3.17.


300

50

1
2

Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br.

100

25

75

360

7827

2817720

Leonurus sibiricus L.

80

25

70

268.8

4410

1185408

- :

55
.

98

  I H
  dW 
.
1
i
x 1

2010

(3.28)

- ,
i

- .
()- ,
.
 .
:
. , , ;
. ;
. , .
d - .
(d)- 3
152 .
Ci- W - . ,
(Ci)-
30 .
.
.
Ki - -

.
I - () (%-).

()- J=1.0-100.0%- .
: ,
-

.
- . =10.0-50.0
. : 50, 30,
10 .
- :

- . :
y

  I H
  dW 
.
1
i
x 1

18220 .

99

2010

-
,

3.18. -


( ) - Cistanche
deserticola Ma.

2500

2200

70

3750

50

282

18220

3.6.2

-
.

,
.
3.19.


b ,




.

. , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,
.

,

.

100

2010

3.20.

,

.


, ,
, ,
,
,
, ,


//, %

(), , %

(), , %

(3.29)

(h),

(q), %

(),

h q

(3.30)

(,
.) )

(,
, .)
N, /

(), /

M N

(3.31)


(, , ) ,

()-

.
,
= /
|
= ./ .
| = /
= ./ .
|

-
,

.
:
1. , ;
2. - , ;
3.

.

101

2010

3.21.


, ,

,


.


.

,

,
,

,
//

.

, ,
.

= Mi
(3.32)
- ,
.

-
,
Mi - ,
= /
(3.33)
- , /
- ( ),
-
T -
= /1000 (3.34)
-

, .
- , /
-
, %
- ,

= S Pa /1000

(3.35)


, .
-
, %
S-
,
G - ,
, /

-

:

S  S  S  S

(3.36)

- - ;
S - , .
S - ( ),
S - (
),

-
-
:

102

= ( + + ) t = ( + + ) (Ka + Kb +Kc) t

2010

(3.37)

- - , ;
t

- , ;

-
-
/J/-
. )
(
-
,
() () - 70
.

:
,% - ,%
. - - 70%
. - - 70%
3.7

- ,


,
- -
" - "
.

, ,


.


I . ,
,
, .
.
II . ,
,
.
.

103

2010

III . :
, ,
.
IV .

.
. :
1. .

.
.
2. .
,


.

()-
.
i = Si Ki Ni Ti Pec
,

(3.38)

i ()-
, .;
Si , /;
Ki ;
Ni ;
Ti ,
Pec - ,

(GIS)
,
, ,
.

.

.

104

2010

3. 22.

S1, S2, S3- , , ,

r1, r2, r3 , , (),


l1, l2, l3 , , ,
h1, h2, h3 , , ,
,
.
Ki .
,
3.23- .
3.23.

No

1
2
3
4

5
6

, i
1
2
3
1
0.75
0.5
1
0.4
0.25
0.8
0.1
0.3
1
0.4
0.08
1
1

0.1
0.1

0.03
0

(Ti)-
, , (t) , (t)-
. (t)
(- , , )-
. (t)
.
,
,
,
(t)- .

105

2010


. , =>,
=> .
:
Ti = t + t + t

(3.39)

t , ;
t - , ;
t - , .
,
,
.
.

,
(t)- , ,
.

(t)
,
. ,
(t)- 3.24-3.27- .
3.24. ,
,

, , ,

, , , , ,

,
, , ,
, , ,
, , , , , ,

t,
1
3
5
7
10
15

3.25.


, ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,

t,
1
3
5
7
10
106

2010

3.26. ,

t,


,
,
,

, , , , ,
, , , ,

1
3
5
7
10
15

3.27.

t,

, , , ,

, ,
, ,
, , , , , , ,

1
3
5
7
10
15

, -
()- .
. -


. :
Pec = Ptr + Pm
,

(3.40)

Pec- - ,
Ptr- ( ),
Pm- ,

. :
Pm = Em ,
,

(3.41)

=Em - ,


. (Ni)
. ,

, ,

.

107

2010



,
.


.

.
(3.42)
,

Ni ,
(/);
Nbi
Ji ()- ;
Mi , %.


(Ci)-
.
(Zi)-
.
i

J i M i 1  Zi
2

(3.43)

Ci- ;
Ji ()- ;
Mi , %;
Zi- , %.

(i)- 2-
. (i)
2-
.
-
(/1 2)-
.
(Ni)
.
(Ci)
(Ni)- (Nbi)- .
.

108

2010

(3.44)
(3.45)
()-
.
(3.38)- .
(3.46)


.
(3.46)

.

.
(3.47)

12, 14, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30
( 30) (3.46) (3.47)
. .
(3.48)
.
= 1 + 2 + 3 = S1 K1 N1 T Pec + S2 K2 N2 T Pec +S3 K3 N3 T Pec =
= (S1 K1 N1 + S2 K2 N2 +S3 K3 N3 ) T Pec

(3.49)

109

2010

3.28.




,
, ,
, ,


,
, ,
,
,
,
,
,

,

, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,

,







0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

110

4
4.1

2010

4.1.1

,
, , . 2007
.
,
.
.
.

.
.
, ,
,
.
4.1.2

-
-
.
Esp = Es * (Ksp(1) Kspr(1) Ksp(i) Kspr(i))
Esp
Es
Ksp(i)
Kspr(i)

(4.1)

- , /
- , /
,
,

2 .
1. :
4.1.

, Ksp(i)

10

2. :
Ksp(i) 1 

C(i)
s(i)

(4.2)

111

2010

Ksp(i) - , , ;
(i) - , ;
s(i) - , .


,
,
.
4.2. , Kspr(i)

(Pb)
(Cd)
(Hg)
(As)
(Cr)
(Cr+6)
(Sr)
(V)
(Cu)
(Ni)
(Co)
(Zn)
(Mo)
(Se)
(B)
(F)
(CN-)
() PCB6


-()-
()
/ (PCDD/F)

, Kspr(i)
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
3
3
3
4


,
. .

. :
= Esp Vp Kt Kh 10-4

(4.3)

- , ;
Esp - - , /;
Vp - , 2;
Kt -
;
Kh - ;
10-4 - - 2 .

112

Kt = 2.8328 ln(t)-0.2318;

2010

Kh = 0.0052h + 0.9634

t - , ;
h - , ;

Espt = Esp Vp (2.8328 ln(x)-0.2318) (0.0052x + 0.9634) 10-4


4.3. , t

1
2
3
4
5
6-7

t
0.9
1.7
2.5
3.2
3.8
4.6

8-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-

t
5.6
7.0
8.2
8.9
9.3
10.0

4.4. , h

,
0 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 150
150-

4.2

h
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0

( , , ) -

3
, ,
. 1.0

:
X= G M
,

(4.4)

X 1.0 3 , /3
,
G-
1.0 3 , / 3

4.5.

, ,
, , , ,
80 / ,
20-80 /, 20-50
,
10 ,
, , ,
10 /-
, , ,

G
0.8- 1.2
0.7-0.9
0.4-0.6
0.2-0.4
0.1-0.2

113

2010

M- 1.0 3
N

A m
i

(4.5)

i 1

i- i-
mi , / 3

i=

>

1 / 3

>

/ 3

(4.6)

- , /3

1.0 3
.

X= X Q

(4.7)

Q , 3

4.3


.

.
,
. :
1. ,
(/3). 8
( ) ( 40 ).
, 2 ,
.
2.
(/3) . 20
( ,
.) .
3.
(/3).

.
:
I > 10.0 /3).
II ( = 1.0 10.0 /3);
III ( = 0.1 1.0 /3);
IV ( < 0.1 /3);

114

2010

()- .
( )


3
() 0.3 / , 0.8 /3
.

. .
= f M 1 2

(4.8)

./;
,
/ ( );
(
);
1, 2 ;
f
;
M
, /.

7-

.


. .
,
,
,
. :
= + +
,

(4.9)

, .
, ,
, .

, .

4.6. 1
K1
0.1
0.15
0.3
0.5
0,75
1,0
1.5
2.0


,
, ,
, ,


10 ,
10-50 ,
50 - 100 ,
, , ,
,
, ,

115

2010

2 :
= 0-15
= 16-40
= 41-80
= 81-150
= 151-200
= 221-500

2=1.3;
2=1.2;
2=1.0;
2=0.7;
2=0.3;
2=0.15;

, ,
,
1
V
V i Si
(4.10)
S
S - , 2;
S(i) , 2;
(i) .

()- ,
, .
4.7. (i)
, , 20 /

, 20-60 /, 100

100 , ,

n /
/ ,
300
, , ,
20 /-

0.1n
: 35000
8
0.2-0.4

0.2

II

0.1

III

0.025

0.25

0.5

0.3

0.1

0.5

, ,

1.0

0.05

0.1

) <10 50
-
2
2
. S = r = 7850H ;

116

2010

) H>10 2

.
:
I = 2 ;

(10)

I = 20;

(4.11)

, .

M 1  ' / 75 ;

(4.12)

T
, .


:
S = 1234.422
(4.13)
) , (, ,
, , ) .
1.0
.
) H

20

.
f-
.
)
<1.0/ ,
4

100

f
(4.14)
;
100  M H 1  U
, U .

3 /- .


, 1.0 /
> 90%.
) 1-20 / ,
f

1000
4

;
60  M H 1  U

(4.15)


1-20 /, 70% < < 90%;
) 20 /- f = 10.

117

2010


h < 70% > 20 / .
f-

.

M
/. :

M
,

m
i

m(i) - , ./;
A(i) i-
A(i) .

i
,

(4.16)

a i D i E i G i Oi ,

a(i)
;
(i) ,
,
;
(i)
( );
(i) ;
(i)
( );

a(i) i-
.

:
(i )

(CO ) (CO )

60( 2 / 6 )
(t ) (t )

(t ) (t )

(4.17)

i- (i) i-
(i) .
.
1(i) , (i) - ,
(i)
.
4.8.

(i)

(, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , )-

(, , , , , , , , ,
,
), , ,
.

118

,
(i)

1
5
2

(i)

1
2
1.5
1.2
1

(i)

1.2
1

2010

- , , , .
45-
- , ;
45- , ;

, ( ,
.),
, , , , ,

, , , ,
, , , ,
, , .
, ( ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
)
400 -

4.9.
A (i)

(. /)

25

35

40

45

60

:
-
-
-

60
70
80

70

100

200

300

500

600

119

2010


.
= -

(5.1)

- ( );
- ( );
-
(

).

, , ,
(, , ,
, , , , .)
.
.
= + +X + + + + +

(5.2)


, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
, .;
- , .;

1.0
:
= /Q ,
,

= /

(5.3)

Q - , /
- , ;
1.0 (

).
,.

120

2010

5.1. -


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

1.0

1.0 3

,
/3

, /

/S

/ Q

/S

/ Q

/S
/S

/
/

/ Q
/ Q

/S

/ Q

/S

/ Q

/S

/ Q

/S

/ Q

/S

/ Q

,


,
.

( ) :
X

= ++++++++++

(5.4)

;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
;
- ;
- ;
- , ;
- ;
- (, , )
.



.
,
, .

121

2010

, :

:
1. ,
- 100 |
2. - 50 |
3. , , - 50 | => -200
. 500
. 110/35/6
. 500 8-10 .
: 0.7/3 860.0.3 , 600
. - 3.5 3/3, -3010 .3, 752.5
3 , 215 .3 150 .
- 4 .

. ,
.
123 , 2 .
:
Q= 215.3/123 = 1748 3 , 174830.7 /3 =1223.5 .
860 .3 , . 13 4.13
.
6.1
6.1.1

850    2


51.0 . 12 .
1. :
V= S 104 h kc= 51.0 100002 0.2 1.05 = 107100 3
,

V- , 3;
S- , ;
h , ;
kc- ,
2 3


1.1 .

122

S ob1

Vx k c
h0 1

102000 3 *1.1
56100 2
2

2010

5.61 .

2. 3010.0 .3,
3010.0-107.1 : 1.05 = 2908.0 .3
. 30% 2908.0 0.3 = 872.4 .3

. 70% 2908 0.7=2035.6 .3 .


50 2.5
. 3870.0 0.4 872.4 102 = 573.6 .3 ( )
: 573.6 .3. :

S ob 2

576.3 1.1
252384 2
2.5

25.23

2908.0-872.4-573.6 = 1462.0 .3 200 ,


10 :

S ob 3

(2908000 0.7  573600) 1.1


160820 2 16.08
10

:
Sob= (Sob1 + Sob1 + Sob1) = (5.61 + 25.23 +16.08 ) 1.05= 49.26 .
-
,
49.26 + 51.0 = 100.26 .
, 200

()- .

S z  z

= 195 (642+71.4) : 1000 4 = 556.5 .


, ,
/;
S , ;
z 1 (1 100
. 1 1.4 1 - 0.714
100 0.71=71.4 ), /
z - (1 900
, 1 1.4 1 - 0.71
900 0.71=642 ), /

123

6.1.2

2010

967.5 .3, 4 3870.0 .3 .


.
= (860 + 860 3.5)= 3870.0 .3
:
= A -= 3870.0 872.4 .3 102 .3 = 2895.6 .3
1.0 3
.
,
.
. 1 .0 3
180 , 50 , 220 .
1.0 3 : 180 + 50 + 220 = 450 /
.

=2895.6 .3 3 = 1303020.0 . .


6.1.3

1.
2.
3. ,
4. ,

51
49
50
50

31
49
45
50

10

10
5

200

, , ,

.
6.1.


-

-

,
10
31
10
49
100

124

2010

.
-,
, - , ,
, .
, , , ,
.
6.2.

g
Bg

8
20
30
50
20
10
10
40
20
5
20
20
30
25

%
0.0
3.0
30
50
8
10

0
0
0
15
30

CaCO3
%
2.5
1.2
-

6.3.

%
/3

8
25.0
0.5

20
12.5
0.9

30
1.5
1.4

50
0
0
1.0

20
3.5
1.2

10
3
1.3

10
1.5
1.3

40
0
0

20
0
0
1.0

5
30.5
0.6

20
27.0
0.5
g
20
25.5
0.5
Bg
30
2.5
1.3

25
0
0
1.0

, /
100
225
63
0
388.0
84
39
19.5
0
0
142.5
91.5
270
255
97.5
0
714.0


,
, , , ,
6 .

125

2010

6.4.

-

-

8
1

/2
0
0

( o)

60
70

5
0


,
, %
0
0

80

80

, % , %


%
0
0
0

, ,
. ,
, , ,
.
.
15 - .
6.5.

%
, /3

5
3.5
1.2

10
3
1.3

10
1.5
1.3

40
0

20
0

, /
21
39
19.5

79.5

6.6.

5
10
10
40
20

,
%
20
30

CaCO3,
%
2.5
1.2

6.7. ( )

-

-

10

,
/
388.0

,
/
0

,
/
388.0

3880.0

31

142.5

142.5

4417.5

49

142.5

79.5

63.0

3087.0

10

714.0

714.0

7140.0

18524.5

126

2010

6.8. ( )

-

-

3880.0
4417.5
3087.0

1
1
1

0.7
1
1
0.5

7140.0
1

0.5
1
1

1358.0
4417.5
3087.0

0.5

1785.0

10647.5

6.9. -

1.0
, .

10

1358

374.8

37.5

31
49

4417.5
3087

1219.2
852.0

39.3
17.4

10

1785

492.7

49.3

100

10647.5

2938.7

6.1.4

: ,
182036.8 3 , 80 .
, 180.0 3 , 0.8
. 0.48 3/, 4.0 / ,
126 0.015 3 .
. () 1.0 3
2000 .

. .
1748 3 4.1 = 7167.0 3 .
:
7167 3 123 = 881516.4 3 = 881.5 .3 .
80%- 7166.83
20.0 : 100.0 = 1433.36 3 1433.36 123 = 176308.23
= 176.3 .3 . 2
, :
.
.

7166.8 3
1433.36 122 = 174870.0 3
3

127

2010

716 6.8 +
174870.0 = 182036.8 3 .
40.0 3
30 . 150 :
150 30 40.0 = 180000 180.0 3/ .
:
182036.8 3 + 180.0 3 = 182216.8 3 .
-

:

10

Y K i H i
i 1

= ( K1 H1+ K3 H3 + K4 H4 + K8 H3) = 2000 (0.8 180.0 + 1.4 182036.8 0.2 + 0.15


182036.8 0.8+ 2 0.8 182036.8 0.2) = 262421.0 ./ .
1.0 3 - :
262421.0 . : 182036.8 3 = 1440 / 3 .
4 : 262421.0 . 4 = 1049684.0 .
.
0-3 () 800.0 , 100.0
, 1.5-4.5 3.0 0.2
.

10 /
1500.0 , ,
.
240.0 . 3 (800 x 100 x 3) 0.2 . 3



0.1,
0.3 ,
0.4

1267.0 / 3
. :
= (+ .+ .)V = 0.2 240.0 .3 0.4 1267.0 = 24326.4 .
4 : 24326.4 4 = 97305.6 .

: 1049684.0 + 97305.6 = 1146989.6 ./

128

6.1.5

25-28
27.5
6.4

30-40
30
4.0-7.5

0.74
0.91
1.00

= 3.4

1.30
20.2
357

1.0
1.1
1.17

/1000 = 357 11500 28% / 1000 = 1149.54 .

: 100 5500 .
32% 5500/1000 = 1578.72 .

: ,
5 /2

= S G /1000 = 195

2.4

1.30
N
22.3

420
M N = 3.4 1.0 1.1 1.17 = 4.37

= /1000= 4.6/ 195

1.02
0.71
1.5

:
11500
=

85
14
35

h q = 2.4 0.74 0.91 1.00 = 1.62

:
o

= 3.4

87
10
45

= 3.4 1.02 0.71 1.5 = 3.69

h
q

, :
o

, :
o

2010

40% 50000 /1000 = 3900.0 .

- :
= ( + + ) t = ( + + ) (Ka + Kb +Kc) t
= (1149.54+1578.72+3900.00 ) (3.69+1.62+4.37) 4 = 256646.2 .
- t1 = t1/S = 256646.2/195 = 1316.1 . .

129

6.1.6

2010

- , ,
.

SN
,

S y  S p  S  S x  S  S a

S y - ,


S p -
S -
S x -
S - ,

S a - ,
3 1.0 -
18.0 ., 1.0 -
12.0 ., 1.0 - 5.1
.
200 5 10 -

.
10 : 142.310 = 1423 3 .
1- .
10 - :
10 12.0 . + 10 142.33 96.0 . = 136728.0 . .
6.1.7

, ,
, , , ,
, ,

. , ,
,
, .
.
= G f M ,
, ,
60 /. .
G -
, , ,
20 /- 0.2-0.4
/G= 0.3/ .

130

2010

f -
/- 1.5-3.6, 0.2-0.8 .
f= 2.5 .
M - ,
N

A m
i

i 1

i- i- , ./ ( )
mi i ,

1200 , 500

, 2
.
6.10.

1
2
3

mi, /
1200.5
500
2.0

i, ./
83.5
1.2
1.8

, ./
100241.75
600
3.6

= 100845.35 ./
= (600 0.3 2.5 100845.35) : 1000 = 45380.4 .
4 45380.4 4 = 181581.63 .
1 - 181581.63/200 = 907.6 .
1
181581.4 : 600 = 302.54 ./
6.11.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.







/10/


,
.
556.5
1303020.0
1049684.0
97305.6
181581.6
256646.2
136728.0
2938700.0

1 -
,
.
5.5
12996.4
5248.4
486.5
907.9
1316.1
13672.8
29387.0

1
,
.
0.9
2171.7
1749.5
162.2
302.6
427.7
227.9
4897.8

5964221.9

59487.6

9940.4

5964221.9
. .
6.2


, ,
.
X = ++++++++++

131

,
,

2010

;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
;
- ;
- ;
-
,
;
- ;
- (, ) .



.
-

789290.45 ., 647500.6 .,
114943.3 ., 1551734.35 .
. 51.0
,
.
,
.


.
, ,
.
5 .0
. 4 20.0 .


5% , . 4
600 1 ,
, 1000 1 46623.8
. (. 1450
). 600 600 46623.8 =
27974276.5 . . 5% 27974276.5 5%/100 = 1398713.8 .
.

132

2010


, ,
.
, ,
, .
500.0 .- .
4 2000.0 . .


,
.
5000.0 .-
.

- ,
4 4000.0 . .

182216.8 3 .
18221.7 . 4 72886.7 .
- .


16 . . 200
200 16.0 = 3200.0 ., 4 12800.0 . .


15 . , 15 $ 200 1.45 = 4350.0
., 4 4350.0 4 = 17400.0 . .

X = ++++++++ = 1551734.35 +20000.0+
+1398713.8+2000.0+ 5000.0+4000.0+72886.7+12800.0+17400.0 = 3084534.85 .
:
.

5964221.9 . 3084534.85 = 2879687.05 .

133

6.3
6.3.1

2010



.
-
.:
1.

50


.
2.
,
.
3. ,

.


.
,
850    2
51.0 . 12 .
1. :
V= S104 h kc= 51 100002 0.2 1.05 = 107100 3
,

V- , 3;
S- , ;
h , ;
kc- , ;
2 0.2 = 102000 3


1.1 .

S ob1

Vx k c
h0 1

102000 3 *1.1
56100 2
2

5.61 .

2. 3010.0 .3,
3010.0-107.1:1.05 = 2908.0 .3
. 30% 2908.0 0.3 = 872.4 .3

134

2010

,
. 70% 2908 .0 0.7 = 2035.6 .3
.


50 , 2.5
. 3870.0 0.4 872.4 102 = 573.6 .3 (
). 573.6 .3
:

S ob 2

576.3 1.1
252384 2
2.5

25.23

2908.0 872.4 573.6 = 1462.0 .3 200


10 :

S ob 3

(2908000 0.7  573600) 1.1


160820 2 16.08
10

:
Sob= (Sob1 + Sob1 + Sob1) = (5.61 + 25.23 +16.08 ) 1.05 = 49.26.
-

,
49.26 + 51.0 = 100.26 .
, , ,
6.12.


:
,
3/

9i = Sihk

9 51100000.21.05 = 1071003

3600 K
t


t=t+t.+t+t.
:

Vi
K
Q

, -

= 1.15

:
:

:
:

:
1 3

= k /T
=
= 0.13
= /T

3600 10.8 1.25 0,9


12 60 1.05

57.85m 3 /

t- -2
t. -5
t -2
t.- 3, t = 12
Vi
107100
T
K
0.8 1481.1
Q
57.85
=1481.1 90 1.15 1.25 = 183286.1
= 503000 0.015 1481.1/3600 = 3104.3
= 1481.1 2.5 = 3702.75
=3702.75 0.13 = 481.3
= 503000 0.1 1481.1/3600 = 20694.2.

= 183286.1 + 3104.3 + 481.3 + 20694.2 = 207565.9


= /V

= 207565.9 : 107100 = 1930 /3


135

2010

6.13. ,

V = Sihk

V=107100 3

3600 J

L
L
t  3.6 a  x
V

a Vx

 t

Q- , 3
-
- , (0.8-1.2)
t-

87.8  10.65 5  0.52 5 2

45.55;

3600 0.8 3 0.9 1.8


122

100 100
45.55  3.6

 10 1.05
11.5 16

87.8  10.65q a  0.52q a2 ;

q- ,
La, Lx-
,
Va,Vx-
, /
- , 3
- , /3
t- ,
-
:

Vn
Q k

, -

T-
P- , 3
-
= 1.15

- , -
-
1.15- - 15%-
- 1 , 1300
= . k t/T

-
.-
k-
=


:
:

-

= 0.13
13%- .
= t/T
-
-- 10%T-
t-


:
1 3

= + + + +
= /V

107100
1097.3
122 0.8

= 1097.3 15 1.15 1.3 = 24607.0


.

= 69600 0.02 1097.3/3600 = 424.3


.

= 1097.3 2.5 = 2743.3

= 2743.3 0.13 = 356.6 .


= 69600 0.1 1097.3/3600 =
2121.4 .

= 24607 + 424.3 + 2743.3 + 356.6 +


2121.4 = 30252.6 .
= 30252.6/107100 = 282.5 /3

, , 207565 .9 + 30252.6 =
237818.5 . .

.

136

2010


51.0 40%
. 3870.0. 3 40% = 1548.0 .3
. 51.0 51.0 1000 0.2 = 102000 3
. 4321 ,
, D8R .

3870 860 102 = 2908.0 .3 30%
872.4 .3
40%

= 40% = 3870.0 .3 0.4 102.0 3 872.4.3 = 573.6


.3 .
.
573.6 1.1 = 630.96 .3 :
3

6.14. 568.5 . ,

, -

V
Q

= 1.15
= k t/Tk

:
:

ta

3600

t ta  t

=
= 0.13
=t/T

3600

4.6 32

0.85
30 32  5

403.5 3

= 630960/403.5 = 1563.7
= 1563.7 40 1.15 1.3 = 93509.85 .
S220LCV
612400 ., 1.5%
= 612400 0.02 1563.7/4800 = 3990.0 .
= 1563.7 2.5. = 3909.25 .
13%
= 3522.25 0.13 = 508.2 .
= 612400 0.1 1563.7/4800 = 19950.2 .

= 93509.85 + 3990 + 508.2 + 19950.2 = 117958.25 .


= /V
= 117958.25 : 630960 = 0.18./3
180 /3

630960.0 3 50 ,

6.15. (769 )


:

:
, -

Q=V
n = Q/qa
= n 2 L 100/100
1.15 P

630960.0 1.8 / = 1135728


3

n = 1135728 : 31.8 = 35714.7 .


qa -31.8
.
t= 90 + 2 100/19.16 + 10 = 110.2 .
1 1 3600 : 110.2 0.8 = 26.1
1 1408.9 26.1 = 36772
137

:
:
:
:
:
1 3

2010

1 .
769 7.5 / .

.
156.7 7.5 1.3 1.15 = 17533.0 .
= k t/T
195.0 .
=195000 0.02 1563.7/4800 = 1270.5 .
=
= 1563.7 2.5= 3909.25 .
= 0.13
=3909.25 0.13 = 508.2
= t/T
= 195000 0.1 1563.7/4800 = 6352.53 .
= 17533.0 + 1270.5 + 3909.25 + 508.2 + 6352.53 = 29573.5 .
= /V
- = 29573.5 : 573600 = 0.05 ./3 50 /3
29573.5 : 1135728 = 0.02 /



, 30%
(3010000 102000 872400 573600)1.130% = 482.46 .3
. 872400 3 + 573600 3 =
1446000 3 30% 14460001.130% = 477180.0 3
, .
100.26 100002 80% 0.2 1.1=176457.6 3
, , .
V = 482460.0 + 477180.0 + 176457.6 = 1136097.6 3
6.16. (D8R )

:
- 3
- 2

,
3/

V1
Q =

, -
:
:

1136097.6 3 , .

3600 V D K

, V-
;
-
;
- ;
-
;
- ;
- .
:

S
ST k

= 1.15
= k t/T
=
= 0.13
= t/T

Q =

3600 11.7 0.7 0.85 1.1


651.5
40.3 1.05
= 5 + 50 2/10.8 3.6 + 2 = 40.3

1136097.6
1743.8
651.5

= 1743.8 901.151.3= 234629.6 .


= 503000 0.015 1743.8/4800 = 2741.0
.
= 1743.8 2.5 = 4359.5 .
= 4359.5 0.13 = 566.7 .
= 503000 0.1 1743.8 /4800 =18273.6
138

,

:
1 2 1 3
,

2010

234629.6 + 2741.0 + 4359.5 + 566.7 + 18273.6 = 260570.4 .


= 260570.4 : 100.26 = 2598.9 ./
=260570.4 : 1136097.6 = 0.22 .
220 /3

-: = /S
-: = /V


, , ,
. :
100.26 1002600 2, 0.2 ,
:
V1= 1002600

0.2 1.05 = 210546.0 3 .

6.17. (D8R )

:
-, 3
-, 2


, 2/
:

V1 = S h k
V1-
, 3
S- , 2
h-
,
k-

3600 L l x sin J  b K
l

n  t
Q

S
ST k

V1 = 100.26 10000 0.2 1.05 = 210546 3


S = 100.26 10000 = 1002600 2

3600 250 1.17 sin 30  0.4 0.85


1132,2 2 /

250
2
 60

100

1002600
1132.2 0,9

983.9

, -

= 1.15

:
:

:
:
1 2 1 3

,

= k t/T
= 503000 0.015 983.9/4800 =1546.6 .
=
= 983.9 2.5 = 2459.7 .
= 0.13
= 2459.7 0.13 = 319.7 .
= t/T = 503000 0.1 983.9/4800 =10310.45
= 132383.75 + 1546.6 + 2459.7 + 319.7 + 10310.45 = 147020.2 .
-:
= 147020.2 : 100.26 = 1466.4 ./
= /S
-:
= 147020.2 : 203530 = 722.35 ./3
= /V

= 983.9 90 1.15 1.3 = 132383.75 .


1002600 2 20 1002600 0.2 1.05 =
210546.0 3 .

139

2010

6.18. ,

V = Sihk

V=210546,0 3

3600 J

L
L
t  3.6 a  x  t
V

a Vx

Q- , 3
-
- , (0.8-1.2)
t-

87.8  10.65 5  0.52 5 2

45.55;

3600 0.85 3 1.1 1.8


159.5

100 100
45.5  3.6

 3 1.05
11.5 16

87.8  10.65q a  0.52q a2 ;

q- ,
La, Lx-
,
Va,Vx-
, /
- , 3
- , /3
t- ,
-
:

Vn
Q k

, -

T-
P- , 3
-
= 1.15

- , -
-
1.15- - 15%-
- 1 , 1300
= . k t/T

-
.-
k-
=


:
:


:
1 3

-

= 0.13

210546.0
1650
159.5 0.85

= 1650 15 1.15 1.3 = 37001.2


.

= 69600 0.02 1650/4800 = 478.50


.

= 1650 2.5 = 4125.0 .


= 4125.0 0.13 = 536.25 .

13%- .
=t/T
= 69600 0.1 1650/4800 =
-
2392.5 .
-- 10%T-
t-
= + + + + = 37001.2 + 478.5+ 4125 + 536.25 + 2392.5 = 44533.5
.
= 44533.5/100.26 = 444.2 ./
= /V
= 44533.5/203530 = 210 /3

140

2010


1 .0
. 1.0
405.47 ./ . 100.26 - 1466.4 100.26 =
147020.2 . .

6.19.

,
:
-, 3
-, 2

, 3/

:

, -
:
:

:
:
:
1 3 ,

V = S h k

V = 1002600 0.2 1.05 = 210546.0 3

t a  t  t d  t

V
Q

1.6 4.5 3600


178.9 0.6

241.54

= 20 + 93.9 + 15 + 50 = 178.9

210546
1025.5
241.54 0.85

= 1.15

= 1025 25 1.15 1.25 = 38309.4 .

= k t/T
=

= 55000 0.02 1025.5/4800 = 234.9.


= 1025 2.5 = 2562.5.

= 0.13

= 2562.5 0.13 = 333.1 .

= t/T
= 55000 0.1 1025/4800 = 1174.5 .
= 38309.4 + 234.9 + 2562.5 + 333.1 + 1174.5 = 42614.4 .
= /V
- , /3
= 42614.4 : 203530 = 200 /3
42614.4 : 100.26 = 425.3 ./

:
= + + + + + . + = 117958.25 + 29573.5 + 260570.4 +
147020.2 + 44533.5 + 147020.2 + 42614.4 = 789290.45 .
1.0 - 789290.45 : 100.26= 7872.4 .
6.3.2

,
,
.

141

2010



,
,
,
,

.




.
:
0 = S + N + = 100.26 250 5.0 + 15.0 30 4 + 120.0 =
125325.0 + 1800.0 + 120.0 = 127245.0 .
1 = S 1 1 + 1 1 N1 + 1 = 100.26 300 6.0 + 15.0 25 5 + 150.0 =
180468.0 + 1875.0 + 150.0 = 182493 .
= 0 +1 =127245.0 +182493.0 = 309738.0 .
,

,
0 ,
1 ,
S ,
- ,
-
- , .
- ,
N

,
, ,
, , .
= S + N + + + = 10 1600 5.0 + 18.0 10 30
+ 1500.0 + 300.0 + 500.0 = 80000.0 + 5400.0 + 2300.0 = 87700.0 .
,

, .
S ,
- 1 , /
- , .
- 1 , .
-
N-
, .
, .
- , .

142

2010

,
1 .03 200
. :
= 107100 3 200 = 21420.0 . .

51
107100 3 103446 .0 3 /210546 107100/
. 1 .03
. 1930 + 282 = 2212 /3 .
= 2212 103446 = 228822.6 . .
.
, : 21420.0 + 228822.6 = 250062.6 .
:
= 0+ 1+ + = 127245.0 +182493.0 + 87700.0 + 250062.6 = 647500.6 .
1 - : 647500.6 : 100.26 = 6458.2 .
: 647500.6 : 200 = 3237.5 . .
:
= + = 789290.45 + 647500.6 = 1436791.05 .
6.3.3



. ,
5-30
, ,
.

.

.
= = 1436791.05 0.1 0.8 = 114943.3 .
,

, .
- , .
- , %

143

2010

6.20.

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12


,
,

13

14

,



,

15
16
17
18

,
.

.3

107.1

1938.06 /3

207565.9

.3

107.1

282.5 /3

30252.6

.3

630.96

=180 /3

117958.25

630.96

50 /

11

2885.7 /3

260570.4

100.26
107.1 3
100.26
210546.0 3

1466.4 ./

147020.2

444.2 ./
211.5 /3

44533.5

.3

100.26

1466.4 ./

147020.2

203530.0

209 /3

42614.4

.3

.3

29573.5

789290.45

100.26

1269.1

127245

100.26

1820.2

182493

10

8770 ./

87700

210546.0

1180.0/3

250062.6

647500.6

114943.3

1551734.35

1551734.35 : 4 = 387933.6 ./

144

2010


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

16.
17.

18.

19.
20.

21.
22.
23.

24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

. . 1995.
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. 1995.03.30
/ /. 2002.06.07
. . 1997.04.24
1995 152 (1-5 ).
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30.
31.
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35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.

46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
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66.
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2010

.

, 2005.
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, 2006.
2004-2005 2006.
2005-2006 2007.
.. -
. .: . , 1980, 31-42.
., . . 59-60. . 1965. 107.
- , -, - . . 1988. 36 .
. , . . 1983. 265 .
, , 2005, :., .
.. . . 1982.
.. ( )., . 1996.
. //
. XXIII. . . .
1985.
., ., . , . 1972.
. I-VI . . . ... . . 1981.
.., . - - . (.1:1500000), .
. 1983.
. . . . . 1987.
. . .
. 1996.
. . .
. 1997.
., . . 2005.
, . 1992.
/---/
--- . , 1993.
. I, II .
. . . 1970.
. . . 2001.
. - . . 1985.
. - -- . - ,
129-133. . 1990.
. . . 1989.
. . . 2004
, , 2008
: , , , 202
. I-VIII. . -.1965.
. . I-II. 1988, 1990.
. I-XXX. .-. 1934-1964.
. . . 2001.
.., . - . (.1:1500000), ; ,
, . 1979.
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. . . 1989. 94-124.
. (Marmota sibirica). , , , .
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73.
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75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.

86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.

2010

. . .
1997. 5-21.
.., .. . . 76.
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. .
. . . 1993.
. . . 2000 (
)
. , .
. . 1989. 44-92.
., .., .. . .
1992. . 199 .
I, II . 2000.
. . , 1983. . 452
.
. . 1, . 490. , 1985.
. -: 1988. 451 .
.. (
) .: . . 1980. 88-110.
.., .., .., .., ...

. : . . 1980. 115-151.
.., .. . .:
. . 1987. .104.
,
. 1995.
.. . .1974 . 301 .
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. . I, II . . 1986.
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). , 1998.
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. . .
1989. 126-159.
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107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.

113.

114.

2010

.. , 1998.
., .. . : , 1997.
., .. . /: , 1997.
.. , 2005.
.
. -
. - , , 2009. 103.

- , 2005
Habitat Equivalency Analysis: an overview. Damage Assessment and Restoration Program. National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Department of Commerce March 21, 1995
(Revised October 4, 2000 and May 23, 2006), 24 pages
D.M.King. Comparing Ecosystem Services and Values. With illustrations for performing Habitat
Equivalency Analysis. U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
dministration. Damage Assessment and Restoration Program Silver Spring, Maryland 20910. (1997).
www.hi-edu.ru/e-books/x-book101

148

2010


-
...........................................- -
: ...............................................
: ...............................................
: ...............................................

()
I.

I
II-IY
Y-YIII
IX-XII
XIII-XYI
II.

III.

IV.



V.

VI.

-
-
-
-

-
-

-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
VII.
-

()

I.
10
6
4
2
1
10
8
4
2

10
4
2
10
6
2
10
2

10
8
6
2

II.
, ( )

, ,

III.



IV.

V.

VI. (1 )
(5-10 )

10
6
2

10
8
6
4
2
1
10
6
2
10
2
10
4
2
10
6
2

10
4
10
4
10
4
2
10
8
6
4
2
10

VII.
10000 -

1
149

,
-
-
VIII.

IX.




X.



XI.

()

XII.



,
XIII.

8
6

10
8
4
2
10
6
4
2
10
8
6
4
2
10
6
2
4
8
10
8
6
2
10
8
6
2

XIV.


XV.

XVI.




XVII.
10 50%
10 50%-
XVIII.
1.0 2 <10
1.0 2 10<

2
6
8
10
6
4
2
10
8
6
4

2010

10-10000
1001-10000
101-1000
0-100
VIII. ( )
1-10
501-1000
101-500
11-100
0-10
IX.

X.
, ( )




XI.

,



XII.


XIII.
,
,

,

XIV. ()
- - 152
()
()
()
()
XV.



XVI. .

2
6
8
10
10
8
6
4
2
10
6
2
3
10
8
6
4
2
10
8
4
2
10
8
6
2
10
8
6
4
2
2
3
4
5
4
8
5
10

10
6
5
10


150

2010

-
-, ,
,
, ,
(
0-10 ) (+)
, .

. , ,

50.0
80.0
85.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
45.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
20.0

2.0
5.0
10.0
2.0
5.0
20.0
4.0
10.0
35.0
4.0
10.0
20.0
4.0
10.0
30.0
4.0
10.0
35.0
4.0
10.0
30.0
4.0
15.0
30.0
4.0
15.0
25.0
4.0
15.0
15.0
4.0
10.0
15.0


2.0
2.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1

. , ,


,

10 - 20

20 - 30

30 - 40

30 - 40

20 - 30

20 - 30

2.5YR value < 3,


chroma 4-2
10R value 4-3,
chroma 6-2
5YR value 5-3,
chroma 4-2
2.5YR value <3,
chroma < 3
7.5YR value 5-3,
chroma 4-3
10YR value 4-6,
chroma 4-2
10YR value 5-7,
chroma 6-2
10YR value 6-8,
chroma 8-3
2.5Y value 6-8,
chroma 8-4
5Y value 7-8,
chroma 6-3
5Y value 7-8,
chroma 4-2

,
/.

20.0

3.5 - 8.5

1.5

20.0

5.5 - 9.0

1.9

30.0

4.0 - 7.5

2.4

30.0

8.5 - 15.0

2.8

40.0

6.5 - 13.0

3.3

50.0

3.5 - 6.0

3.5

60.0

2.0 - 5.0

4.0

60.0

1.5 - 4.0

4.1

60.0

1.0 - 3.5

4.3

60.0

0.5 - 3.0

4.9

60.0

0.5 - 2.5

5.0

151

2010

. ,

1.10
1.15
1.30
8.5
2.3
1.5
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.01

0.5
2.5
0.3
2.4
10
0.4
4.5
15.5
0.2
20.5
0.1
0.1
25.6
0.1
0.1
30
0.3
0.3
1.5
0.01
0.01
1.1
0.01
0.01
0.8
0.01
0.01
0.5
0.01
0.01
0.01

0.001

0.001

,
/,
40 - 50
55 - 60
60 - 70
70 - 75
65 - 70
60 - 65
50 - 55
45 - 50
40 - 45
35 - 40

2.8
2.9
3.4
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.1

30 - 35

4.0

-

/

1.1.
2.2.
3.3.
4.4.
5.5.
6.1.
7.2.
8.3.
9.4.
10.5.
11.6.
12.7.
13.8.
14.9.
15.10.
16.11.
17.12.

1
2
.
( )-Cistanche
,
deserticola Ma.
-Juniperus Sabina L.
,
()-Rhodiola rosea L.
, ,
-

( )-Zygophyllum
potaninii Maxim.
-Sambucus manshurica Kitag.

, , ...
,

.
-Valeriana alternifolia Ledeb.
,
-Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.
, ,

-Gentiana algida Pall..


, ...
-Sophora alopecuroides L.
,
-Paeonia amonala L.
, ,
() -Bergenia
, ,
crassifolia (L.) Fritsch.
-Cacalia hastate L.
, ...
-Crataegus sanguinea Pall.
, ,
-Ephedra sinica Stapf.
, ...,

18.13.
19.14.

-Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.


()-Polygonum viviparum L.
-Saposhnikovia divaricata
(Turcz.) Schischk.
-Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
-Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.

20.1.
21.2.

.
-Stellera chamaejasme L.
, ...
- Ephedra przewalskii
, ...

, ,
, ,
,
, ...
, ,


4
.


.
,

...- ,

.

...-
.

.
...-
, .
...- ,


.
.
...-

(20-25 -
)
...-
...-
152

23.4.
24.5.

Stapf.
()-Rosa acicularis
Lindl.
-Plantago major L.
-Iris tenuifolia Pall.

25.6.

-Hippophae rhamnoides L.

26.7.
27.8.
28.9.

-Chiazospermum erectum L.
-Thymus gobicus Tschern.
-Leonurus sibiricus L.

29.10.
30.11.
31.12.
32.13.
33.14.

-Artemisia frigida Willd.


()-Artemisia sieversiana
Wilid.
()-Carduus crispus L.
-Odontites rubra (Baumg.) Pers.
-Myricaria dahurica (Willd.) Bunge.

34.15.

-Fragaria orientalis Losink.

35.16.
36.17.
37.18.

-Trollius asiaticus L.
-Tribulus terrestris L.
-Hyoscyamus niger L.

38.19.

-Ledum palustre L.

39.20.
40.21.

-Lilium pumilum Delile.


-Urtica cannabina L.

41.22.

-U. dioica L.

42.23.
43.24.
44.25.

-Leontopodium leontopodioides
(Willd.) Beauvd.
()-Berberis sibirica Pall.
( )-Larix sibirica Ledeb.

45.26.

-Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.

46.27.
47.28.

-Dianthus superbus L.
-Sanguisorba officinalis L.

48.29.
49.30.
50.31.

-Ribes diacantha Pall.


( )-Vaccinium uliginosum L
( )-Pinus sylvestris L.

51.32.
52.33.
53.34.
54.35.
55.36.

-Padus asiatica Kom.


( )- Ribes nigrum L.
()- R. altissimum Turcz.
()-R. rubrum L.
-Thermopsis lanceolata
R.Br.

22.3.

2010

, , ,

,
,

,
.

.

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,





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.
.
.
...-

153

2010

2
(Ci)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

()





, Ci
1.26
1.26
0.90
1.49
0.48
1.58
0.84
0.86
0.98
1.80
3.78
2.97
2.70
2.70
2.93
2.93
0.34
1.35
1.05
0.14
1.10
0.44
0.99
1.15
1.05
1.40
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.34
0.25
0.21
0.27
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.20
0.38
1.19
1.92
1.33
1.60
1.08
1.65
1.95
1.53

53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108

1.53
1.50
1.75
1.96
2.07
1.65
1.20
0.72
0.96
0.84
0.96
0.84
0.84
0.34
0.24
0.24
0.45
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.91
1.40
1.40
1.50
1.25
1.25
1.25
0.35
0.35
0.35
1.50
0.75
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.50
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.45
0.38
0.38
0.45
154

,
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168

0.30
0.30
0.33
0.33
0.25
0.33
0.20
0.20
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.68
0.80
1.00
0.60
1.35
0.50
1.05
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.88
1.40
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
1.40
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.45
0.45
0.88
0.88
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
1.40
0.45
0.45
1.40
0.45
0.45

169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210

2010
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.45
0.88
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
1.40
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
17.30
99.80
256.05

155

2010

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156

2010

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.



//
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11
12
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22


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0.085
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4
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60
4
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3
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4.
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6.
7.
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11.
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18.
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20.
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()
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2
2
3
2
3
3
2
4
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4
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4
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157

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25.
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27.
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2010

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1
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20-23
18-20
17-19
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60-40
60-40
60-40
60-40
60-40
60-40
60-40

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0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
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158

2010

4

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159

2010


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160

2010

A 121-180 1800
181-250 2100
251-350 3500
351-500 5000
501-750 7500
751- 9500
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161

2010

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162

2010

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163

2010

1.

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30-50
50-
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
8.0
6.5
9.0
12.0
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13.0
16.0
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15.0
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7000
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6500
11500
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0.8
0.5
0.2
0.7
0.8
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1.0
0.7
0.5
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1.3
1.5

1.4
1.1
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1.2
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1.8

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90
150
180
270
180
180

15200
16500
11000
13500
24000
29400

: * -

.

164

2010

** -

, ,
, , , , ,

.

- :

200
.
1. -Valeriana alternifolia Ledeb.
2. -Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.
3. -Plantago major L.
4. -Hyoscyamus niger L.
5. -Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br.
6. -Sanguisorba officinalis L.
7. :
8.
9.
.

5.4
10.8
24.0
6.8
3.7
25.7
20.5 /
86
37

I = I2007 I2008
I2009 I2010 = 1 1.221 1.042 1.114 = 1.417 .
. :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

- 2007
12240
5.4
- 2007
8220
10.8
- 2007
7120
12.8
1.417
- 2007
10371
6.8
2007
4821
3.7
- 2007
5591
7.5
- ( * I),

,
93658.0
125795.6
129140.0
99931.0
25276.0
59418.0
533218.6

. - :

, i

1.

= 20.5

/ = 8.0

/ = 5000

820 000

2.

= 49.5

/ = 0.9

// =11000

490 050

= ( * I) + (/ + /) * I * S = 533219 + (820000+490050) * 195 =


255 992 970 

165

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