[JD88][JMF99] [JDM00] [HK00]

C- [Mac67] C-
Fuzzy C-Means FCM[Bez81] C- J. MacQueen
[Mac67] C

C-1

2
34

Outlier
5
C
J. C. Bezdek [Bez81]
C-

FCM
Gustafson-Kessel
[GK79] C- [Bez81]
C- [Dav90]R. O. Duda P. E. Hart
[DH73] R. Krishnapuram
[KK00] K. L. Wu M. S. Yang [WY02]

FCM
FCM Y. Ohashi
[Oha84] FCM

R. N. Dave [Dav91] NC
NC Ohashi
[DK97]R. Krishnapuram J. M. Keller [KK93][BCM96][KK96]
C-Possibilistic C-Means PCM
PCM NC
PCM FCM

5.2
C-KFCM- KFCM-5.3 C-
KPCM
5.4 ROC
Benchmark

5.5
5.6

5.2
C-FCM

HCM

5.2.1
FCM J. C. Bezdek [Bez81] C- HCM

X = { x i , i = 1, 2,..., n} X R p c v i
(i = 1,2,..., c) i u ik (i = 1,2,..., c, k = 1,2,..., n) k i
n

0 u ik 1 0 < u ik < n FCM

k =1

J m (U , v ) = u ikm || x k v i || 2
i =1 k =1

(5.1)
U = {u ik } v = (v1 , v 2 , ..., v c ) m > 1
c

u
i =1

ik

= 1, k = 1,2,..., n

(5.2)
5.25.1
(1 / || x k v i || 2 ) 1 /( m 1)

u ik =

(1 / || x
j =1

, i = 1, 2,..., c, k = 1,2,..., n

2 1 /( m 1)

v j || )

(5.3)
n

vi =

m
ik

xk

k =1
n

, i = 1,2,..., c

m
ik

k =1

(5.4)
U v J. C. Bezdek [Bez81]
z=f(z) U v U v
5.1 FCM HCM
HCM
Outlier

5.2.2 KFCM-
: F
x R p ( x) R q q > p
F F 5.4

F vi
n

v i = ik ( x k ), i = 1, 2,..., c
k =1

(5.5)
KFCM-
c

J m (U , v ) = J m (U , 1 , 2 ,..., c ) = u ikm || ( x k ) il ( x l ) || 2
i =1 k =1

(5.6)

l =1

 i = ( i1 , i 2 ,..., in ) T , i = 1,2,..., c
5.6
n

|| ( xk ) il ( xl ) ||2
l =1

= ( xk )T ( xk ) 2 il ( xk )T ( xl ) + il ( xk )T ij ( x j )
l =1

l =1 j =1

(5.7)
F
F K ( x, y ) K ( x , y ) = ( x ) T ( y )
K ( x, y ) Mercer [Mer09]
K ( x, y ) 5.75.6
c

J m (U , 1 , 2 ,..., c ) = u ikm ( K kk 2 iT K k + iT K i )
i =1 k =1

(5.8)
K ij = K ( x i , x j ), i , j = 1,2,..., n K k = ( K k 1 , K k 2 ,..., K kn ) T , k = 1,2,..., n
K = ( K 1 , K 2 ,..., K n ), k = 1, 2,..., n

5.85.2
u ik =

(1 /( K kk 2 iT K k + iT K i )) 1 /( m 1)
c

(1 /( K

kk

2 K k + K j ))
T
j

T
j

, i = 1, 2,..., c, k = 1, 2,..., n

1 /( m 1)

j =1

(5.9)
n

i =

m
ik

K 1 K k

k =1

, i = 1,2,..., c

m
ik

k =1

(5.10)
KFCM-
Step1 c m
Step2 i K K 1
Step3
a5.9

b
5.10
i 5.5
5.7

SVM FCM F
5.5
FCM 10
KFCM-

5.2.3 KFCM-
KFCM-
J m (U , v ) =

u
i =1 k =1

m
ik

|| ( x k ) (v i ) || 2

(5.11)

vi i = 1,2,..., c
5.6

|| ( x k ) ( v i ) || 2 = K ( x k , x k ) + K ( v i , v i ) 2 K ( x k , v i )

(5.12)

d ( x, y ) = || ( x) ( y ) ||

(5.13)

d ( x, y )
FCM

5.125.115.2 5.11
uik =

(1/( K ( xk , xk ) + K (vi , vi ) 2 K ( xk , vi )))1/( m 1)

c

(1/( K ( xk , xk ) + K (v j , v j ) 2 K ( xk , v j )))1/( m 1)

(5.14)

j =1

vi =

u
k =1
n

m
ik

K% ( xk , vi ) xk

u K% ( xk , vi )
k =1

m
ik

(5.15)

Sigmoid
5.15 K ( x k , vi )

~
K ( x k , vi ) = K ( xk , vi )
K ( xk , vi )
~

K ( x k , vi ) =
K (v i , v i )

d 1
d

(1-K ( xk , vi ) ) (1 K ( xk , vi ) )
Sigmoid K% ( xk , vi ) =
(1-K (vi , vi ) ) (1 K (vi , vi ) )
5.11 vi 0
n
J m
K (vi , vi )
K ( x k , vi )
)
= u ikm (
2
vi
vi
vi
k =1
n

= u ( d (v v i + c )
k =1

m
ik

T
i

d 1

(5.16)

2v i 2d ( x v i + c )
T
k

d 1

xk ) = 0

K ( x k , vi )
~

5.16 vi 5.15 K ( xk , vi ) =
K
(
v
,
v
)
i
i

d 1
d

5.15vi x k FCM 5.4

FCM
FCM
KFCM- FCM 5.25.15
~
K ( x k , vi )

KFCM-
Step1 c m
Step2 v i
Step3
a5.14
b
5.15

5.14
5.15 KFCM- KFCM

5.2.4 KFCM-

[Hub81] KFCM-
M-

{x i , i = 1, 2,..., n}
n

L ( ) = ( x k )

(5.16)

k =1

L( ) 0 M-
n
n
( x k )
L ( )
=
= ( xk )

k =1
k =1

( x ) =

(5.17)

( x ) ( x ) = ( x ) 2 M-

( x ) =| x | M-
5.17
n
w
= n k w k
k =1
wk

(5.18)

k =1

wk =

( xk )
5.18
xk

IF ( x; F , )
IF ( x; F , ) =

(x )

( x )dPX ( x)

(5.19)

PX (x) X IF
IF GES ( , )
GES ( , ) = sup | IF ( x; , ) |

(5.20)

GES ( , ) GES

 KFCM-5.11
{vi }
5.15
M-
K ( x, y ) = e ( x y )

/ 2

K ( x, y ) = e |x y|/
( x ) = 1 K ( x, ) = 1 K ( x )

( x ) = e ( x )

( x ) = e | x |/

2
(x )
2
1

sign( x )

/ 2

~ ( x )
lim ( x ) = lim ( x ) = 0
x

(5.21)

( x ) GES ( , ) KFCM-
2
( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) = 2( x)

GES ( , ) = FCM