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com
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,
.
.

.

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1.
A1 , A2 ,......, Am
a1 , a 2 ,....., a m

-
,

B1 , B2 ,......, Bn

. Ai (I=1,..,m) B j

b1 , b2 ......, bn

(j= 1,,n)

C ij - . Ai (I=1,..,m) B j
(j= 1,,n) x i j - .

.
.
. ( 1)
1

A1

B1

B2

Bn

C11

C12

C1m

a1

x11
A2

C 21

x12

C 22

x 21

x1m
C 2m

x 22

a2

x2m

...

Am

C m1

C m2

C mn

am

x m1

xm2

x mn

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b1

b2

bn

.
m*n (i,j) .

2.
i- j- C ij xij
m

- Z ( x) C ij X ij .
i 1 j 1

.
1. .

x
j 1

ij

a i ( i=1,,m) 1

.
2.

Z xij b j (j=1,,n) 1 .
i 1

.
m

Z ( x) C ij X ij -min

(1)

i 1 j 1

m
x ij a i
j 1
n
x b
ij
j

i 1

(i 1,.., m)

(2)

( j 1,..., n)

(3)
xij 0 (i 1,.., m; j 1,.., n)

i 1

j 1

ai b j (4)

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1.

.

.
:
m

a b
i

i 1

j 1

M 0

xij

ai b j
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(i 1,..., m ; j 1,...., n)

(2) (3)- . (2) (3 )

x ij -
n

xij
j 1

ai b j

j 1

ai b j

i 1

i 1

xij

ai
M

b
j 1

bj
M

ai
M ai
M

bj

i 1

ai

M bj

xij 0
.

C ij ( C ' max Cij )

C (2)-
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m

C
i 11 j 1

ij x ij C ' x ij C ' a i C ' M

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C ij - (C=minCij)
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.

a b
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a b
i

i 1

j 1

.
1.

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i

j 1

b j ai a m1

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m

a b
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j 1

i 1

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bn 1 .

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3.


.

(m+n) mn

. (2) (3)
m n- . (2) m ,(3)
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m+n-1

m+n-1 . m+n-1 x ij

( )
m+n-1

.

.
.
1.
. (1.1) a1 b1
.

x11 min( a1 , b1 )
a1 < b1 A1 B1 .

B1 - (1.2) x12 min(b1 a1 , a 2 )

m+n-1-

mn-(m+n-1) .
.
1
2
B1
A1

B2
1

15
A2

B3

B4

6 20

5 30

5
2
20

10

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A3

4
10

40
1
30

15
(1.1)

25

20

30

90

x11 min( a1 , b1 ) b1 15

(1.2) x12 min( a1 b1 , b2 ) min( 5,25) 5

(2.2) x 22 min( b2 5, a 2 ) min( 20,30) 20
(2.3) x 23 min( a 2 20, b3 ) min(10,20) 10
(3.3) x33 min( b3 10, a 3 ) min(10,40) 10
(3.4)

x 34 min( a 3 10, b4 ) min( 30,30) 30

m=3,n=4 m+n-1 =3+4-1=6 .

m*n-(m+n-1)=3*4-6=6 .
:
m

Z ( x) C ij X ij 1 15 5 20 3 10 4 10 1 30 15 100 30 40 30 215
i 1 j 1

2.

.
.

. 2 .
2.1
B1
A1

B2
1

B3
3

15
A2

B4

20

30

5
2

5
15

15

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A3

10

15

(1.1),(3.4)

25

40

30
20

30

90

x11 min( a1 , b1 ) min(15,20) 15 x34 min( a3 , b4 ) min( 40,30) 30

1-

,4- . .
(2.1),(1.3),(3.2) .(2.1)
.

x13 min( a1 b1 , b3 ) min(5.20) 5 (1.3) 5 .

x32 min( a3 b4 , b2 ) min(10,25) 10 (3.2) 10 .
A1 , A3-

B1 ,B4-

.
3 . (2.3) .

x23 min(b3 5, a 2 ) min(15.30) 15 (2.3) 15 .

x22 min( a 2 15, b2 10) min(15,15) 15 =-

.
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m

Z ( x) C ij X ij 1 15 2 5 5 15 3 15 2 10 1 30 15 10 75 45 20 30 195
i 1 j 1

. 2
.
2.2
B1

B2

B3

B4

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A1
1

15

20

30

40

2
5

A2
2

15

15
A3
4

15

20

30

25
15

25

90

1- 1 (1.1) .

x11 min( a1 , b1 ) min(15,20) 15

2- 2 (3.2 ) .

x32 min( a3 , b2 ) min( 40,25) 25

3- 2 (1.3) .

x13 min( a1 15, b3 ) min(5,20) 5

4- 1 (3.4 ) .

x34 min( a3 25, b4 ) min(15,30) 15

1,2-
. 34-
3 5 .

x 23 min( a 2 , b2 5) min( 30,15) 15

x 24 min( a 2 15, b4 15) min(15,15) 15
:
m

Z ( x) C ij X ij 1 15 5 2 3 15 5 15 2 25 1 15 15 10 45 75 50 15 210
i 1 j 1

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. 2 .
2.3
B1
A1

B2

B3

B4

1
15

6 20

5
A2

A3

30
5

10

20

40
2

10

15

25

1
30

20

30

90

1- 1 (1.1) .

x11 min( a1 , b1 ) min(15,20) 15

2- 2 1-
3 (2.3-)
.

x23 min( a 2 , b3 ) min(30,20) 20

3- 1 (3.24) .

x34 min( a3 , b4 ) min( 40,30) 30

1- 3 (1.2)
.

x12 min( a1 15, b2 ) min(5,25) 5

2- 5 (2.2 )
.

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x22 min( a 2 20, b2 5) min(10,15) 10
3- 2 (3.2) .

x33 min( a3 10, b2 15) min(10,10) 10

:
m

Z ( x) Cij X ij 1 15 3 5 5 10 3 20 2 10 1 30 15 15 50 60 20 30 190
i 1 j 1

3.


.
.
2.4
B1

B2

B3

B4

A1

20

15
A2

5
4

30
5

15

15

A3

2
4

10

40
4

1
30

15

25

20

30

90

1- 1-
(1.1 ) .

x11 min( a1 , b1 ) min(15,20) 15

2- 2- 3-
(3.2) .
3- 2- 1-
(1.3) .

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x13 min( a1 15, b3 ) min(5,20) 5
4- 3-
(3.4) .

x34 min( a 2 , b4 ) min( 40,30) 30

2- 2 3-
(3.2) .

x32 min( a3 30, b2 ) min(10,25) 10

3- 3- 2-
(2.3) .

x23 min( a 2 , b3 5) min(30,15) 15

2- (2.2)
.

x22 min( a 2 15, b2 10) min(15,15) 15

:
m

Z ( x) Cij X ij 1 15 2 5 5 15 3 15 2 10 1 30 15 10 75 45 20 30 195
i 1 j 1

4.

.
.
1. .

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2.
.
.
,
,

.

. . (
).

<+> <->
. <+>
<+> ,<->
<-> .
3.
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4.
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5. 2-4

.

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:
.
3
B1
A1

B2

B3

10
200

A2

B4
17

19

B5
18

100

B6
16

A3

18
11

17

50

250

15
0

450

19

400

100

7
11

21

150

13
14

19

22

150

21

23

150

15

16

250

19

150
A4

11
13

12

18

150
A5

21
23

10

20

250

200

300

400

250

150

100

1400

f=200*10+100*17+150*16+50*11+250*17+100*19+150*11+150*13+250*10=169
00

.

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12 (19 7) (17 11) 2 0

14 (18 11) (17 17) 5 0

16 (21 11) (17 19) 4 0

21 (13 17) (10 11) 9

22 (14 7) (11 11) 1 0

25 (18 17) (11 16) 8

55 (15 17) (10 16) 6

31 (15 17) (10 7) 15

34 (19 11) (17 7) 16

35 (19 17) (16 7) 13

36 (22 11) (19 7) 7

41 (11 17 11) (10 7 13) 9

43 (12 11) (13 7) 3

44 (18 11 11) (17 7 13) 3

45 (21 11 17) (16 7 13) 13

51 (21 17) (10 10) 18
54 (20 11) (17 10) 4

46 (23 11 11) (19 7 13) 5

52 (23 7) (10 11) 9

56 (16 11) (19 10) 2 0

(1.2),(1.4),(1.6),(2.2),(5.6)

. max(|-2|,|-5|,|-4|,|-1|,|-2|)=5 (1.4)
.
3.1.1
B1
A1

B2

B3

10
200

A2

B4
17

19

B5
18

100

B6
16
18

A3

11

17

150

150

15
0

450

19

400

100

7
11

21

150

13
14

19

22

150

21

23

150

15

16

250

19

150
A4

11
13

12

18

150
A5

21
23

10

20

250

200

300

400

250

150

100

1400

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f=200*10+100*18+150*16+150*11+150*17+100*19+150*11+150*13+250*10=18
400
12 (19 17 7) (18 11 11) 2
16 (21 17) (18 19) 1

13 (17 17) (16 11) 8

21 (13 18) (10 17) 4

22 (14 7) (11 11) 1 0

25 (18 18) (17 16) 3

55 (15 18 11) (17 16 10) 1

8 34 (19 11) (17 7) 16

31 (15 18 11) (10 17 7) 10

35 (19 18 11) (16 7 17) 13

36 (22 11) (19 7) 7

41 (11 18 11 11) (10 17 7 13) 14

43 (12 11) (13 7) 3

44 (18 11 11) (17 7 13) 3

45 (21 18 11 11) (16 17 7 13) 18

51 (21 18 11) (10 10 17) 13
54 (20 11) (17 10) 4

46 (23 11 11) (19 7 13) 5

52 (23 7) (10 11) 9

56 (16 11) (19 10) 2 0

(2.2),(5.6) max(|-1|,|-2|)=2 (5.6)

3.1.2
B1
A1

B2
10

200
A2

B4
17

19

100
11

17

250

150

15

7
11
150

B5
18

13
14

A3

B3

19

B6
16

21

450

18

19

400

19

22

150

150

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A4

11
13

12

21

23

150

15

16

250

18

150
A5

21
23

10

20

100

150

200

300

400

250

150

100

1400

f=200*10+100*18+150*16+250*11+150*17+150*11+0*7+150*13+150*10+100*1
6=
=18200
12 (19 17 7) (18 11 11) 2

13 (17 17) (18 11) 6

16 (21 17 10) (18 11 16) 3

22 (14 7) (11 11) 1 0

21 (13 18) (10 17) 4

25 (18 18) (17 16) 3

55 (15 18 11) (17 16 10) 1

8 34 (19 11) (17 7) 16

31 (15 18 11) (10 17 7) 10

35 (19 18 11) (16 7 17) 13

36 (22 10) (16 7) 9

41 (11 18 11 11) (10 17 7 13) 14

43 (12 11) (13 7) 3

44 (18 11 11) (17 7 13) 3

45 (21 18 11 11) (16 17 7 13) 18

51 (21 18 11) (10 10 17) 13

46 (23 10 11) (16 7 13) 8

52 (23 7) (10 11) 9

54 (20 11) (17 10) 4

26 (19 10) (11 16) 2
(2.2)- (2.2) .

3.1.3
B1
A1

B2
10

200
A2

A3

B3

B4
17

19

18
100

13
14

11

17

150

100

150

15

7
11

150

B5

19

B6
16

21

450

18

19

400

19

22

150

150

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A4

11
13

12

21

23

150

15

16

250

18

150
A5

21
23

10

20

100

150

200

300

400

250

150

100

1400

f=200*10+100*18+150*16+150*14+100*11+150*17+150*7+150*13+150*10+100
*16=18050
12 (19 17) (18 14) 4 , 13 (17 17) (18 11) 6
16 (21 17 10) (18 11 16) 3 , 21 (13 18) (10 17) 4
32 (11 11) (11 7) 1 , 25 (18 18) (17 16) 3
55 (15 18 11) (17 16 10) 1 ,
8 34 (19 11) (17 7) 16 ,

31 (15 18 11) (10 17 7) 10

35 (19 18 11) (16 7 17) 13

36 (22 10) (16 7) 9 ,

41 (11 18 11 11) (10 17 7 13) 14

43 (12 11) (13 7) 3 ,

44 (18 11 11) (17 7 13) 3

45 (21 18 11 11) (16 17 7 13) 18 , 46 (23 10 11) (16 7 13) 8

51 (21 18 11) (10 10 17) 13 , 52 (23 7) (10 11) 9
54 (20 11) (17 10) 4 , 26 (19 10) (11 16) 2

:
m

Z ( x) Cij X ij 2000 1800 2400 1100 2100 2550 1050 1950 1500 1600 18050
i 1 j 1

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Program: Transportation
Problem Title : bbbbbbb
***** Input Data *****
Minimization Problem :
|
1
2
3
4
5
6| Supply
----------------------------------------------------------------------1 | 10.0 19.0 17.0 18.0 16.0 21.0| 450.0
2 | 13.0 14.0 11.0 17.0 18.0 19.0| 400.0
3 | 15.0 11.0
7.0 19.0 19.0 22.0| 150.0
4 | 11.0 13.0 12.0 18.0 21.0 23.0| 150.0
5 | 21.0 23.0 10.0 20.0 15.0 16.0| 250.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------Demand| 200.0 300.0 400.0 250.0 150.0 100.0|
***** Program Output *****
Initial Solution by Northwest Corner Method
|
1
2
3
4
5
6| Supply
----------------------------------------------------------------------1 | 200.0 250.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0| 450.0
2 |
0.0 50.0 350.0
0.0
0.0
0.0| 400.0
3 |
0.0
0.0 50.0 100.0
0.0
0.0| 150.0
4 |
0.0
0.0
0.0 150.0
0.0
0.0| 150.0
5 |
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 150.0 100.0| 250.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------Demand| 200.0 300.0 400.0 250.0 150.0 100.0| 1400.0
Initial Solution :

20100.0

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Optimal Solution by MODI

|
1
2
3
4
5
6| Supply
----------------------------------------------------------------------1 | 200.0
0.0
0.0 100.0 150.0
0.0| 450.0
2 |
0.0 150.0 100.0 150.0
0.0
0.0| 400.0
3 |
0.0
0.0 150.0
0.0
0.0
0.0| 150.0
4 |
0.0 150.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0| 150.0
5 |
0.0
0.0 150.0
0.0
0.0 100.0| 250.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------Demand| 200.0 300.0 400.0 250.0 150.0 100.0| 1400.0
Optimal Solution :
18050.0
***** End of Output *****

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.
QM
.

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1. .
1999
2. . 1986