Ch06ReadingGuide True/False __T__ 1.Nonpathogenicbacteriainthegastrointestinaltractproducechemicalsthatinhibit colonizationofpathogenicmicroorganisms.(186) __T__ 2.ManyofthenormalbacterialfloraintheintestinesproducevitaminKandassistwith theabsorptionofcalcium,iron,andmagnesium.(186) __F__ 3.Theinflammatoryresponseisthebodysfirstlineofdefense.(184)1stlineisskinand mucousmembranes.2ndlineistheinflammatoryresponse. __T__ 4.Eosinophilsphagocytoseparasites.(202)Eosinphilsaremidlyphagocytic,theyalso haveenzymesthatdegradevascularmoleculesandworkonparasites.

**Bacteriaresponse: Neutrophilsphagocytosisintheearlyinflammatoryresponse(612hrs),thenmonocytes(which developintomacrophages)andlymphocytesenterlaterandmoregradual(24hrs). MultipleChoice Identifythechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion. ___C_ 5.(184)Onepurposeoftheinflammatoryprocessisto: a.providespecificresponsestowardantigens.b.lysecellmembranesofmicroorganisms. c.preventinfectionoftheinjuredtissue.d.createimmunityagainstsubsequenttissueinjury. __C__ 6.(186)Whichbacteriumgrowsintheintestinesafterprolongedantibiotictherapy? a.Lactobacillusb.Candidaalbicansc.Clostridiumdifficiled.Helicobacterpylori __B__ 7.(186)Whatcausestheedemathatoccursduringtheinflammatoryprocess? a.Vasodilationb.Increasedcapillarypermeabilityc.Endothelialcellcontractiond.Emigration ofneutrophils**A=heatandredness ___A_ 8.(205)Whatprocesscausesheatandrednessthatoccurduringtheinflammatory process? a.Vasodilationb.Plateletaggregationc.Increasedcapillarypermeabilityd.Endothelialcell contraction**C=edema

__B__ 9.(190)The_____systemisaplasmaproteinsystemthatformsafibrinousnetworkat aninflamedsitetopreventspreadofinfectiontoadjacenttissuesandkeepmicroorganismsand foreignbodiesatthesiteofgreatestinflammatoryactivity. a.complementb.coagulationc.kinind.fibrinolysis(A=seebelow,C=pain) __A__ 10.(190)Whichcomponentoftheplasmaproteinsystemtagspathogenic microorganismsfordestructionbyneutrophilsandmacrophages? a.Complementcascadeb.Clottingsystemc.Kininsystemd.Immunesystem ___C_ 11.(189)Whichofthefollowingisavasculareffectofhistaminereleasedfrommast cells? a.Plateletadhesionb.Initiationoftheclottingcascadec.Vasodilationd.Increased endothelialadhesiveness(**Causesvasodilatationandincreasedcapillarypermeability.) __A__ 12.(188)Whatisanoutcomeofthecomplementcascade? a.Activatestheclottingcascadeb.Preventsthespreadofinfectiontoadjacenttissues c.Inactivateschemicalmediatorssuchashistamined.Attacksbacterialcellmembranes __C__ 13.(190)Intheclottingcascade,theintrinsicandtheextrinsicpathwaysconvergeat: a.factorXII.b.Hagemanfactor.c.factorX.d.factorV.(**Thenitfollowsanormalpathway, leadingtoactivationofHagemanfactor(orknownasfactorXII)whichleadstoactivationofthe clottingcascade,controlledclotting,activatingthekininsystemandC1inthecomplement system). __C__ 14.(189)Whateffectdoeschemotacticfactorhaveontheinflammatoryprocess? a.Itcausesvasodilationaroundtheinflamedarea.b.Itstimulatessmoothmusclecontractionin theinflamedarea.c.Itdirectsleukocytestotheinflamedarea.d.Itproducesedemaaroundthe inflamedarea.(*Achemotaticfactorisabiochemicalsubstancethatattractsleukocytes) __A__ 15.(196)Whenhistaminebindsthehistamine2(H2)receptor,inflammationis: a. inhibited.b.activated.c.accelerated.d.notchanged.(**Whenhistaminebindswith H1receptorsitactivatestheinflammatoryresponse.) __A__ 16.(191)Whichchemicalmediatorsinducepainduringaninflammatoryresponse? a.Prostaglandinsandbradykininb.Leukotrienesandserotoninc.Tryptaseandhistamine d.Phospholipaseandprostacyclin ___D_ 17.(199)Whataretheinflammatoryeffectsofnitricoxide(NO)?

a.Itincreasescapillarypermeabilityandcausespain.b.Itincreasesneutrophilchemotaxisand plateletaggregation.c.Itcausessmoothmusclecontractionandfever.d.Itdecreasesmast cellfunctionanddecreasesplateletaggregation. __C__ 18.(201)Whenlookingatwhitebloodcelldifferentials,nursesknowthatindividualshave early,acuteinflammatoryreactionswhentheynoticeelevationsofwhichleukocyte? a.Monocytesb.Eosinophilsc.Neutrophilsd.Basophils(**Neutrophils=earlyresponse612 hrs,Monocytes=laterresponse24hrsandreplacethenuetrophils,Eosinophils=parasites, Basophils=associatedwithallergiesandasthma,primaryroleisunknown.) __B__ 19.(201)Thepredominantphagocyticcellsinthelaterstagesofaninflammatory responseare: a.neutrophils.b.monocytes.c.chemokines.d.eosinophils. __D__ 20.(204)Whichcytokinesareproducedandreleasedfromvirallyinfectedhostcells? a.IL1b.IL10c.TNFa d.IFNa andIFNb (INFisInterferonthatfunctionsagainst viralinfectionsbyproducingantiviralproteinsthatprotecthealthycells.) ___C_ 21.(205)TNFa issecretedfrom:(TNFistumornecrosisfactoralpha) a.virallyinfectedcells.b.bacterialinfectedcells.c.macrophages.d.mastcells. __B__ 22.(205)Whichmanifestationofinflammationissystemic? a.Formationofexudatesb.Feverandleukocytosisc.Rednessandheatd.Painandedema __A__ 23.(204)Onesystemicmanifestationoftheacuteinflammatoryresponseisfeverthatis producedby_____onthehypothalamus. a.endogenouspyrogensactingb.bacterialendotoxinactingc.antigenantibodycomplexes actingd.exogenouspyrogensactingdirectly __A__ 24.(208)Whatoccursduringtheprocessofrepairaftertissuedamage? a.Destroyedtissueisreplacedbynonfunctioningscartissue.b.Regenerationoccursinwhich originaltissueisreplaced.c.Resolutionoccurswhentissueisregenerated.d.Destroyedtissue isreplacedbyepithelialization.(**Tissuehasaperiodofhealingthatinvolvesrepairand resolution.B=resolution) ___C_ 25.(210)Theroleoffibroblastsduringthereconstructivephaseofwoundhealingisto:

a.generatenewcapillariesfromvascularendothelialcellsaroundthewound.b.establish connectionsbetweenneighboringcellsandcontracttheirfibers.c.synthesizeandsecrete collagenandtheconnectivetissueproteins.d.provideenzymesthatdbridethewoundbedof deadcells. __A__ 26.(212)Whichsolutionisbesttousewhencleaningawoundthatishealingby epithelialization? a.Normalsalineb.Povidoneiodinec.Hydrogenperoxided.Dakinsolution(**B&Care dryingarepreventepithelialcellmigration) __B__ 27.(212)Manyneonateshaveatransientdepressedinflammatoryresponsebecauseof a(n): a.circulatorysystemthatistooimmaturetoadequatelyperfusetissues.b.deficiencyin complementandchemotaxis.c.insufficientnumberofmastcells.d.respiratorysystemthatis tooimmaturetodeliveroxygentotissues. __C__ 28.(213)Manyolderadultshaveimpairedinflammationandwoundhealingbecauseof a(n): a.circulatorysystemthatcannotadequatelyperfusetissues.b.deficiencyincomplementand chemotaxis.c.underlyingchronicillness(es).d.insufficientnumberofmastcells. Matching Matchthebiochemicalbarrierswithitsfunction.Termscanbeusedmorethanonce. a. Secreteantibacterialandantifungalfattyacidsandlacticacid b. Attackcellwallsofgrampositivebacteria

__B__ 29. __A__ 30.

Tears(184) Sebaceousglands(184)