Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2010
AIM: To determine the coefficients of drag and inertia of a cylindrical pipe by measurement of force due to hydrodynamic loading.
PRINCIPAL AND FORMULAE:
Total wave forces on a cylinder extending from the sea bottom to the free surface is given by the morrisons equation as
(1)
dFD =
1 C D Du u 2
(2)
dFI = CM
FT FD FI
2 & Du 4
(3)
= Total force per unit length on an incremental length of pipe dx, N/m = Drag force per unit lengthon an incremental length of pipe dx, N/m = Inertia force per unit lengthon an incremental length of pipe dx, N/m
D u
& u
= Density of water, kg/m3 = Diameter of the Pipe, m = Water particle velocity, m/s = Water particle acceleration, m/s 2
PRINCIPLE: The determination of the coefficients of inertia and drag is based on the fact that the particle velocity and acceleration are out of phase. The acceleration is in phase with the wave-height and the velocity is at 90 degrees phase with it. When the wavelength is maximum, the force measured is due to drag force alone and when the wavelength is minimum, the force is
contributed entirely by the inertia force. Hence by measuring the forces and wave-height the coefficients of drag and inertia can be determined. PROCEDURE: 1. The cylinder is fixed along with the calibrated moment transducer on a trolley across the wave flume. A wave probe is also fixed near to the cylinder. 2. The waves of desired height and period are generated using the piston type wave maker. 3. The outputs from the wave probe and force transducer are measured using DAC system and the corresponding velocity is measured using AVV(Acoustic Doppler velocimeter) 4. The above procedure is repeated for different wave heights and periods. The measurements are done for the following four cases. (Wave height 10 cm, (Period 1 s,1.1s,1.4s,1.7s,2.0s) OBSERVATIONS: For Wave height of 10 cm and for different periods ,the following graphs are plotted T=0.8sec
50 40 30 20 10 0 2 -1 0 0 -2 0 -3 0 -4 0 -5 0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 v e lo c i ty fo r c e a c c e le r a ti o n w a ve
T=1.1sec
80 60 40 20 0 15 -2 0 -4 0 -6 0 -8 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 w a ve v e lo c i ty fo r c e acce
T=1.4sec
80 60 40 20 0 -2 01 5 -4 0 -6 0 -8 0 -1 0 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
T=1.7sec
40 30 20 10 0 - 1 01 5 -2 0 -3 0 -4 0
T=2.0 sec
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
40 30 20 10 0 -1 01 5 -2 0 -3 0 -4 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
RESULTS:
Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5