Computer Network 04-05

HEDSPI Project Hanoi University of Technology by Ngo Hong Son

About this course

I am the primary lecturer

Ngo Hong Son, FIT- HUT Lecturers from FIT, HUT Dr. Nguyen Linh Giang Dr. Pham Huy Hoang JICA Experts Dr. Yasuo Tsuchimoto, Assistant Professor, Keio University Dr. Mitsuhiro Sakurama, Hitachi Ltd.,
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But this course is built with helps of many experts

Today outline
Course introduction Basic concept of computer networks

Course introduction
Objectives Topics and schedule Assessment Official hours

Course objective

Understand the Internet technology

Some networking mechanisms Some protocols of TCP/IP

Explain how the Internet works Be able to use the Internet efficiently, install new technologies and services

Tentative schedule
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Jan 24 Feb 14 Feb 21 Feb 28 Mar 6 Mar 13 Mar 20

Introduction Basic Concepts of Computer Network Internet Layer Routing Routing Protocols Transport Layer Application Layer

Tentative schedule
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Mar 27 Data-link Layer Apr 3 Physical Layer Apr 10 Security Apr 17 Next Generation Internet Apr 24 Multimedia Communications May 8 Enterprise Internet, Internet Governance and Advanced Applications

Assessment

Assignment

40% 60%

Two assignments

Final exam

Some advices

For well studying

Read given materials in advance Participate actively in the lecture Discuss, answer and ask question Surf web or discuss among friend to find solution 8:30 10:00 am every Monday. Department of Communication and Computer Networks, Room 329 Building C1. Phone: 8680896 Mail: sonnh@it-hut.edu.vn
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Where to find me

Reference books

TCP/IP Illustrated Vol I-The Protocols, Richard Steves, Addison-Wesley Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol 1, Douglas Comer, Prentice Hall Computer Networking: a top-down approach featuring the Internet, James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Addison Wesley Mng my tnh v cc h thng m, Nguyn Thc Hi, NXB Gio Dc
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Basic concept of computer networks

Internet history Definition of computer network Network architecture Circuit switching & Packet switching

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Origin of Internet

Started as an experiment of ARPA project Begun with one link between the IMP at UCLA and the IMP at SRI.

ARPA: Advanced Research Project Agency UCLA: University California Los Angeles SRI: Stanford Research Institute IMP: Interface Message Processor
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Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

3 months later, Dec. 1969

SRI UCSB

UTAH

UCLA

The entire 4 node network was connected by 56kbps links

UCSB:University of California, Santa Barbara UTAH:University of Utah
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source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

Early ARPANET in 1971

Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/ atlas/historical.html

14 The network grew with a speed of 1 node per month

Internets 1970s: Internetworking, New architecture and Proprietary networks

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Enlargement of ARPANET in 1974

source: http://www.cybergeography.org/ atlas/historical.html

The traffic quantity of one day exceeds 3.000.000 packet

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In 1977: Develop as an aggregate of science and government agency networks

Source: 17 http://www.cybergeography.org/ atlas/historical.html

1970s
Early

1970s, proprietary networks:

ALOHAnet satellite network at Hawaii DECnet, IBMs SNA, XNA

1974:

Cerf & Kahn Principles of open network system for internetworking (Turing Awards) 1976: Ethernet of Xerox PARC End of 1970s: ATM
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1980s: New protocols and more connected networks

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1981: Construction of NSFNET

NSF: National Science Foundation For research or education only, due to congestion of ARPANET

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1986: Connect USENET& NSFNET

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Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

More networks and protocols

More networks connected: MFENET, HEPNET (Dept. Energy), SPAN (NASA), BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel TCP/IP standardized in 1980 DNS by P. Mockapetris (USC) Berkeley incorporated TCP/IP into BSD Unix Services: FTP, Mail

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1990s: Web and commercialization of Internet

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1990s

Early 1990s: ARPAnet decommissions and become a part of Internet Early 1990s: Web HTML, HTTP: Berners-Lee 1994: Mosaic, Netscape Late1990s: Web commercialization

Late1990s 2000s:

New applications: instant messaging, P2P file sharing E-commerce, Yahoo, Amazon, Google Security is a hot topic!

Internet for everyone Every new protocol must consider this issue

~ 50 million hosts, > 100 million users

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Vietnam at that time

1991: In an effort, negotiations for connecting Vietnam to Internet failed. (what a pity!) 1996: Again, prepare for Internet infrastructure

ISP: Only VNPT 64kbps, 1 international out-link, hundreds special users

1997: Officially open and connect Vietnam to Internet

1 IXP: VNPT 4 ISP: VNPT, Netnam (IOT), FPT, SPT 20 ISPs, 4 IXPs 19 million of Internet users, 22.04% of population

2007: Ten years of Vietnam Internet Development

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Vietnam Internet Evolution

Users Estimated on the Basis of Two Users Per Subscriber

Source: Vietnam Internet Case Study, http://www.itu.int/asean2001/reports/material/VNM%20CS.pdf
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Recent statistics

Source: Vnnic, http://www.thongkeinternet.vn

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International connectivity bandwidth (Mbps), Q.3 2007

Total: 12115.0 Mbps

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2000s: The future is yours

New applications and technologies

Youtube, Skype, Bittorrent, Video and VoIP... Wireless, sensor and optical networks .

Internet will continue to improve existing services

Make it easier You can do that

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So, what is a computer network?

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Definition

A collection of computers connected together with the subnetwork or inter-network through which they can exchange data.

Computer: hosts, routers, switches, telephones... Connected through some physical medias Follow a network architecture

Computer?

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Example of networks
Freeway System in US Train networks Power, gas networks

Computer networks
The Internet Ethernet Wireless LANs: 802:11

Banking system (ATM networks)

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Centralized or distributed

PSTN

Internet

Centralized: Network does everything

Computer has stronger power Most functions are implemented at host

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Network architecture
Network architecture: Topology and Protocol Network topology

Bus, Ring, Star Combination of many basic topologies

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What is a protocol?
Hi Hi What time? 2:00 time request response request response

Human-human

Computer - computer
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Network protocol

Protocol: Rule of communication

Send a message with request or information Receive message with information, action or event

Defines format, order of messages sent and received among network entities, and actions taken on message transmission, receipt Examples: TCP, UDP, IP, FTP, Telnet, SSH, Ethernet,

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Communication model
Circuit switching vs. packet switching Connection oriented vs. connectionless

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Circuit switching and packet switching

Circuit switching

Exchange data using dedicate circuit. Each connection takes one circuit. It cannot be used by others until it is released and a new connection is set up Data is divided into small blocks of data (packets), and transferred though network Many connections may share one circuit Internet (with IP Internet Protocol) is packet switching.

Packet switching

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Circuit switching
Resource is assigned to each circuit. Even there are unused resources, others can not use

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Packet switching
The whole bandwidth is shared for everyone If there is unused bandwidth, anyone can use

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Circuit switching vs. Packet switching

Circuit switching

Each circuit is used by only one assigned user Bandwidth guarantees (needed for audio/video apps) It is wasteful if the assigned user does not use full circuit capacity. Improve the efficiency of utilization of bandwidth Great for bursty data because of resource sharing Excessive congestion: packet delay and loss

Packet switching

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Connection oriented vs. connectionless communication

Connection oriented communication:

Data is transferred through a set-up connection Three phases: Connection setup, Data transfer, Connection tear down Reliable There is no connection during the data transferring. Best effort
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Connectionless communication

Summary
Course introduction Internet history Definition of computer networks Network architecture

Topology Protocol Pros & cons

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Circuit switching vs. packet switching

Next week
Layering architecture OSI reference model Internet identifiers Name resolution and DNS Demo for equipments configuration

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