AME 204 Spring 2012 Midterm I February 21, 2012 Name (Print) ____________________________________________

Start (clock time)_________ Date_______ Stop (clock time)__________ SCORE (Out of 120)___________

MIDTERM EXAM (80 minutes) 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. This is a closed book exam. Only pocket calculators are permitted, no laptops are allowed. The maximum possible score is 120 points. The numbers in parentheses at the end of each problem indicate the weight (score) to be given to that problem. Indicate the answers in the spaces provided. Use the white space for your calculations. Before beginning, print your name clearly at least on the first page of the exam. (Also print your name on any scratch paper that you may use and staple it to the exam.) If you feel that information provided in any given question is insufficient, make appropriate assumptions, but state them clearly. (Conversely, it is possible that more information may be given than is necessary to solve a given problem.) Unless otherwise indicated, the problems are independent of each other. Show all work. Round off numerical results to two decimals. Full credit requires symbolic solution (where possible and as much as possible) and working the problem through in SI units (this approach is worth 10% of the credit). You have 80 minutes to complete the exam. When the proctor announces that time is up, stop writing immediately and turn in your exam as requested. Do not continue to write. If you do so, your exam will not be collected and you will be given no credit. If you finish before the time allotted, leave your completed exam at the front of the room.

6. 7.

8.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I certify that I have neither given nor received any unauthorized assistance on this exam. SIGNATURE _____________________________________

Instructor: Adumitroaie AME 204 Spring 2012 Midterm I

Use extra paper if necessary. But mark question clearly.

a tomer (an artificialNAME (print)______________________________ rubber) is SCORE (30)_______________ 260 450 bY bu a static loading test (see figure). V (c) Pallow CONSIDERING BEARING IN THE PINS mm and b 240 mm, and the pin dimensionspad consisting of two steel plates bonded to a chloroprene tubes elastomeric bearing (mm) 1. An and AbAB 4d test . When the force V equals 12 kN, (an artificial rubber) is subjected to a shear force V during a static loadingptAB b elastomer d with figure). AB 6 1.6-8 aced laterallyProblem (see 40 An tThe pad has dimensions a =consisting ofbtwo steel and the elastomer 8.0 mm AB respect elastomeric bearing pad 125 mm and = 240 mm, t plates d has thickness t = 50 mm.elastomer forceartificial rubber)the top plate is bAB to mm2 bonded to a chloroprene When the (an V equals 12 kN, is A found 264 a 6 smaller controls d 2tAB d 28 BC lasticity G of subjectedhave displaced laterallyBC mm with respect totest bottom plate. What is the the chloroprene?AB to a shear force V during a static loading the (see figure). V 8.0 tBCshear dp 11 AbBC 4dpt BC AbBC 308 mm2 The pad has 7 modulus ofa 125 mm andchloroprene? (15and the dimensions elasticity G of the b 240 mm, points)

P sb A aring pad consistingPIN two steel ): of (BEARING b

80

140

FSu

sb

4999 psi

tpl
b

P aS1 A spl PaS2

tpl 609 psi tu 14As2 FSu

; PaS2

10.64 kN

elastomerP thickness t 50 mm. When the force V equals 12 kN, (a) has CONSIDERING TENSION IN THE TUBES allow the top plate is found to have displaced laterally 8.0 mm with respect to the bottom plate. p 2 A netAB c dAB (dAB 2tAB)2 4 d tAB d What is the shear modulus of elasticity G of thepchloroprene? 4
p 2 2 A netBC 4 dp t BC d Solution 1.6-8 c d BC (d BC 2t BC ) 4 t ave NUMERICAL DATA AnetAB 219.911 mm2 Guse smaller SHEAR MODULUS G Average shear stress: ! ave = Vg = V V 12 kN s a 125 mm A ave ab Y GaT1 2.5 1.1 A 50 P d MPa 104 N 0.16 PaT1 mm b 240 8 mm ; FSy tnetBC mm d PaT1
Average shear strain:

Pab1 t Pab1 Pab2

AbAB a

17.16 kN AbAB a

sbY b FSy

Pab1 ; Pab2

1.716 * 104

8 mm

AnetAB

433.45 mm2

sbu b FSu

23.8 kN

Pa d t
ave

; ave t AVERAGE SHEAR STRESS 1.2 !10 4 N ! 5!10 "2 m 6 N Shear modulus: G = ! ave = Vt = 4 t ave V s u AnetBC "1 PaT2 PaT2 1.495 10m ! 2.4 !10 "1 m ! 8!10 "3 m = 2.56 !10 m 2 = 2.56MPa tave SHEAR MODULUS G G ave FSu ave 0.4"MPa abd 1.25!10 ab g ave 11.0 kN

d 0.16 ave t 2. A steel A supporting heavy machinery rests on four short, Problem 1.7-5 padsteel pad supporting heavy machinery rests on hollow, cast iron piers (see figure). The The ultimate four short, hollow, cast iron piers (see figure). ultimate strength of the cast iron in compression is 50 ksi. The ksi. diameter diamstrength of the cast iron in compression is 50 outerThe outerof the piers is d eter of the piers is = 4.5 4.5 and and wall wall thickness 0.40 in. Using a d in. in. the the thickness is t = is t 0.40 in. factor of safety of 3.5 with respect to the ultimate strength, Using a factor of safety of 3.5 with respect to the ultimate determine the total load P that may be supported by the pad. strength, determine the total load P that may be supported by (15 points) the pad. AVERAGE SHEAR STRAIN g ave
F.S. = n =

2.5 MPa

!U P ;! ALL = 1 (P 1 load on one pier); ! ALL A " " " t 2 A = (d 2 ! d0 );d0 = d ! 2t => A = [d 2 ! (d ! 2t)2 ] = 2t(2d ! 2t) = " td(1! ) 4 4 4 d ! " td! U t P 1= U A = (1! ) n n d 4" td! U t 4 " 3.14 "1.02 "10 !2 m "1.14 "10 !1 m " 3.45"108 Pa 0.4 Total load on the pad: P = 4P 1 = (1! ) = (1! ) n d 3.5 4.5 => P = 1.312 "10 6 N = 294.5 kips

Instructor: Adumitroaie AME 204 Spring 2012 Midterm I

Use extra paper if necessary. But mark question clearly.

Problem 2.4-3 Three prismatic bars, two of material A and one transmitted by the middle bar? (a) What fraction of the load P is of material B, transmit a tensile load P (see figure). The two outer bars (material A) are identical. (b) What is the ratio of the stress in the middle bar to the stress in the outer bars? The cross-sectional area of the middle bar (material B) is 50% larger than the (c) What is the ratio of the strain of the middle bar to the strain in the outer bars? cross-sectional area of one of the outer bars. Also, themodulus in elasticity of material A is twice that of material B. NAME (print)______________________________ SCORE (30)_______________
3.
(a) What fraction of the load P is transmitted by the middle bar? Three prismatic ratio of theof material A and one of material B, transmit a tensile load P (see figure). The two outer bars (b) What is the bars, two stress in the middle bar to the stress in the outer bars? (material A) the ratio of the The cross-sectionalbar to of the middle bar (material B) is 50% larger than the cross-sectional (c) What is are identical. strain in the middle area the strain in the outer bars? Solution 2.4-3 Prismatic bars in tension area of one of the outer bars. Also, the modulus of elasticity of material A is twice that of material B. (a) What fraction of the load P is transmitted by the middle bar? (b) What is the ratio of the stress in the middle bar to the stress in the Solution 2.4-3 Prismatic bars in tension outer bars? (c) What is the ratio of the strain in the middle bar to the strain in the outer bars? (30 points)

FREE-BODY DIAGRAM OF END PLATE FREE-BODY DIAGRAM OF END PLATE STRESSES:

sA sB EQUATION OF EQUILIBRIUM E PB P 0 Fhoriz 0 PA QUATION OF EQUILIBRIUM (1) PA AA PB AB EA P EA AA + EB AB EB P EA AA + EB AB

STRESSES: sA sB
1

PA AA PB AB
(7)

EA P EA AA + E

EB P EA AA + E

(a) LOAD IN MIDDLE BAR

Fhoriz EQUATION OF COMPATIBILITY 0

A B

PA

PB

PB P

EB AB EA AA + EB AB EA EB AA AB

(1) A AA E
EB AB 1 + 1 1.5

(a) LOAD IN MIDDLE BA

+ 1 4 3 1 8 + 1 3

(2) EQUATION OF COMPATIBILITY

FORCE-DISPLACEMENT RELATIONS AA dA
B total area ofA both outer bars

Given: PB P

PB P

EB AB EA AA + EB

(2)

AA Substitute into Eq. (2):

PA L EA AA PB L EB AB d

PA L EA Ak

PB L dBFORCE-DISPLACEMENT RELATIONS (3) EB AB

total area of both outer bars PA L EA Ak dB PB L EB AB (2):

(5) (4)

1 EA AA a ba b + 1 EB AB 1 2

3 ;EA 11 Given:

EB a

A A

(b) RATIO OF STRESSES sB sA EB EA

; (3)

PB P

SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS EA AAPPA L PA PB EA AA + EB AB EA AA Substitute into Eq. (3): d dA dB

Substitute and (4): Solve simultaneously Eqs. (1) into Eq.

(c) RATIO OF STRAINS All bars have the same strain Ratio 1

EA ba EB 1 2

L PB EB AB P EA A EB AAB+ EB AB

(b) RATIO OF STRESSES sB sA EB EA

(4)

PL SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS (6)

Solve simultaneously Eqs. (1) and (4): PA EA AAP EA AA + EB AB PB EB AB P EA AA + EB AB (5)

EA AA + EB AB

(c) RATIO OF STRAINS Ratio 1

All bars have the s

Substitute into Eq. (3): d

Instructor: Adumitroaie AME 204 Spring 2012 Midterm I

dA

dB

PL EA AA + EB AB

(6)
Use extra paper if necessary. But mark question clearly.

(a) MAXIMUM NORMAL STRESS

; NAME (print)______________________________
x max

is the maximum normal stress. 18,000 psi

NOTE: All stresses have units of psi.

SCORE (30)_______________
45 A B

4. Problem 2.6-8 with a rectangular cross section is held without stress A copper bar A copper bar with a rectangular cross section is held without stress between rigid supports (see figure). Subsequently, the of between rigid supports (see figure). Subsequently, the temperature temperatureraised 50C. Determine the stresses on all faces of the the bar is of the bar is raised 50C. Determine the B, and on all faces of the elements A and B, and elements A and stresses show these stresses on sketches of the show these stresses on sketches of the elements. E = 120 GPa.) (15 points) elements. (Assume =17.5 x10-6/C and 17.5 10 6/C and E 120 GPa.) (Assume
!T =50 oC (increase) Solution 2.6-8 Copper bar Stress due to temperature increase with rigid supports

MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS @45o the normal stress ! and the shear stress # are equal to the maximum value: sx Sec_2.8-2.12.qxd 9/25/08 11:44 AM Page 230 tmax 52.5 MPa ! E" (!T ) 2 !m = #m = x = = 52.5MPa 2 2 STRESSES ON ELEMENTS A AND B T 50C (Increase)

! x = E" (!T ) = 105MPa (compression)

230 E CHAPTER 2 Axially Loaded Members 120 GPa

STRESS DUE TO TEMPERATURE INCREASE s max st A 2-18 of Section 2.5) A1 ( T) x P2E s nom A1 (See Eq. 1 K K 105 MPaMPa p 80 (Compression) b a b(20 mm)2 a 1.75 4

17.5

10

/C

(b) DIAMETER OF PRISMATIC BAR FOR THE SAME pd2 st pd2 0 1 b a b d2 P1 P2 st a 0 4 K NOTE: All stresses have units of 4 MPa. d0 1K d1 L 20 mm L 15.1 mm 11.75
ALLOWABLE LOAD

d2 1 K

L 14.4 kN

5.

Enlarging the bar makes it weaker, not stronger. The A stepped barloads is hole 2 K 1.75 widths b = 2.4 in. and c = 1.6 in. The fillets have radii equal to 0.2 in. What ratio of with a P1/P (see figure) has is the diameter dmax of the largest hole that can be drilled through the bar without reducing the load-carrying capacity? (15 points)

through the bar without reducing theon the fillet section: The load carrying capacity is based load-carrying capacity? ! max ! max ! max c Pf = A = ct = bt !b r$ f !b r$ !b r$ Kf # , & Kf # , & Kf # , & b Solution % " c c 2.10-7 Stepped bar with c %hole "c c% "c a The load carrying capacity based on the hole section: ! d$ ! max ! ! Ph = A = max (b ' d)t = max bt #1' & !d$ h !d$ !d$ " b% Kh # & Kh # & Kh # & "b% "b% "b% The maximum hole diameter is found when: b 2.4 in. ! d$ ! max c ! Pf = Ph =>1.6 in. bt = max bt #1' & => c !b r$ b !d$ " b% Kf # , & Kh # & Fillet radius: R 0.2 in." b % "c c% ! dFind dmax $ c 1.6 #1' & " b% b = = = 0.317 BASED UPON FILLETS 2.4 Fig. 2-64) (Use !d$ !b r$ ! 2.4 0.2 $ Kh # & K f # , & K f # , & 1.6 1.6 " bb 2.4 in. c % c " 1.6 in. % R 0.2 in. % "c R/c 0.125 b/c 1.5 (K f (1.5, 0.125) ( 2.1) smax Pmax s nomct ct K Instructor: Adumitroaie L AME 204 Spring 2012 0.317 bt smax smax c a b(bt) K b K 2.10

Problem 2.10-7 A stepped bar with a hole (see figure) has widths ! in. bK =2.4max and c 1.6 in. The fillets have radii equal to 0.2 in. What is the diameter dmax of the largest hole that can be drilled ! ave
Trial and error: " d% $1! ' d # b& = 0.2 => K = 2.5 => = 0.32 "d% b Kh $ ' #b& " d% $1! ' d # b& = 0.25 => K = 2.42 => = 0.31 "d% BASED UPON HOLE (Use Fig. 2-63) b Kh $ ' #b& b 2.4 in. d diameter of the hole (in.) Linear interpolation: c1 b d x ! 0.2 0.317smax ! 0.32 Pmax ! 0.2 =c10.31! 0.32 => x = 0.215 => (b d)t 0.25 s nom t K d 1 a1 bbts d = 0.215( b = 1.31(10 !2 m =b0.51inmax K

d(in.) 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

d/b

Pmax/bt 0.329 0.324 0.318 0.311 0.299

max

Midterm I

0.125 2.66 0.167 2.57 Use extra paper if necessary. 0.208 2.49 But mark question clearly. 0.250 2.41 0.292 2.37

NAME (print)______________________________
6. The nonprismatic cantilever circular bar shown has an internal cylindrical hole from 0 to x, so the net polar moment of inertia of the cross section for segment 1 is (7/8)Ip. Torque T is applied at x (joint 2) and torque T/2 is applied at x = L (joint 3). Assume that G is constant. (a) Find reaction moment R1. (b) Find internal torsional moments Ti in segments 1 & 2. (c) Find x required to obtain twist at joint 3 of 3 = TL/GIp. (d) For x = 7L/17 what is the rotation at joint 2, 2? (20 points)

SCORE (20)_______________

Instructor: Adumitroaie AME 204 Spring 2012 Midterm I

Use extra paper if necessary. But mark question clearly.

242 at C and loaded by a CHAPTER 2end B (see figure). Three force P at Axially Loaded Members identical wires made of an elastoplastic material NAME Y and modulus of elasticity E) resist the load P. SCORE (10)_______________ (yield stress (print)______________________________ L Each wire has cross-sectional area A and lengthis supported on a fulcrum Problem 2.12-8 A rigid bar ACB L. A C B 7. A rigid bar and loaded by a force P at end B (see figure). Three a force P at end B (see figure). is supported on at C ACByield load P and a fulcrum at C and loaded by (a) Determine the the corresponding Y Three identical wires made ofof anB. an elastoplastic material (yield stress Y and modulus of elasticity yieldidentical wires madepoint elastoplastic material displacement Y at P E) resist the load P. Each load P andof elasticity E) resist and load P. L. length (yield the plastic wire has cross-sectional area L (b) Determine stress Y and modulus the corresponding A the L P a a a a (a) Determine wireyieldcross-sectional area A and length yield displacement Each the has load P when the load just reaches A C displacement P at point B Y and the corresponding L. Y atthe value P . point B. (a) P Determine the yield load PY and the corresponding (b) Determine the plastic load diagramload at which all wires reach (c) Draw a load-displacement PP (the atwith the load yield displacement Y point B. L the yield stress) Determine the plastic load of point the corresponding P as ordinate and the displacement displacement P at point B (b) and the corresponding B PP and B a a a a when the load just reaches the value PP. B when the load just reaches as abscissa. displacement P at point (c) Draw a load-displacement diagram with the load P as ordinate the value PP. and the displacement Bload-displacement diagram with the load (c) Draw a of point B as abscissa. of point B P as ordinate and the displacement Solution 2.12-8 Rigid bar supported by wires B as abscissa. (b) PLASTIC LOAD PP
Solution 2.12-8 Rigid bar supported by wires
(b) PLASTIC LOAD PP

Problem 2.12-8 A rigid bar ACB is supported on a fulcrum

B P

(a) YIELD LOAD PY Yielding occurs when the most highly stressed wire reaches the yield stress Y

At the plastic load, all wires reach the yield stress.

MC 0 (a) YIELD LOAD PY 4sYA Yielding occurs when the most highly stressed wire PP ; 3At the plastic load, all wires reach the yield stress. reaches the yield stress Y At point A: MC 0 A L 4sYsYL P ; dA (sYA)a P b 3 E EA At point B: At point A: dB MC 0 3sYL L b 3dA dA P (sYA)a ; d E EA (c) LOAD-DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM At point B:

PY YA At point A:

sYL E 3sYL E ; PP
P

sYA C L0 sYL M dA a ba b 2 PY EA YA 2E ; At point B: At point A: dB 3dA dA Y d

dB

3dA

dP

(c) LOAD-DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM d sYL 2E ;

4 P 3 Y 2dY

At point B: dB

sYA 3sYL L a ba; b 2 EA 2E dY

PP dP

4 PY 3 2dY

3dA

3sYL 2E

Instructor: Adumitroaie AME 204 Spring 2012 Midterm I

Use extra paper if necessary. But mark question clearly.