CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of Analysis Nobody can deny the importance of language. Language is purely important as tools of communication. As human being, we need it to express our emotions, ideas, feelings, and thought to other people by using sound, gestures, and signals. Language also indicates the existence of human being. Communication exists because of language, thats why human being cannot be separated from language. Language in discourse is primarily a social interactional phenomenon, so discourse analysis studies the language of utterances in relation to its function in social interaction. When people speak or write, they produce text, the term text refer to any instance of language (Halliday, 2004: 3).Human in society need to interact, to communicate or to show their ideas to the other. Every language has some rank scale of phonological constituents, but with considerable variation in how the constituency is organized (Halliday, 2004: 5). From those, its known that language plays a vital role in human life and it also has many advantages of many various aspect of human life. Human has to stay along with language because human cannot interrelate without using language. By using language, human is able to interact and communicate to each other in doing activities. The ideational function consist of logical and experiential function. The experiential function is realized by transitivity system. Transitivity is structure of English clauses. Clauses can be seen to select for a process type (Eggins, 2004: 57). The process consist of: 1. Material Process

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The process of doings and happening, in which a participant, i.e. a thing, is engaged in a process of doings, which may involve some other participant. 2. Mental Process The process of sensing, in which a participant, i.e. a conscious being or thing, is engaged in a process of seeing, feeling, or thinking, which may involve some other participant. 3. Relational Process The process of being, whose central meaning is something is (attribute, identity) 4. Behavioural Process The process of behaving, which may be exemplified by the process of breathing, dreaming, smiling, etc. 5. Verbal Process The process of saying. 6. Existential Process The process of expressing that something exits or happens. In the concept of transitivity found in Halliday (1994: 107) there are three components of what Halliday calls a transitivity process: The process itself (realized by a verbal group) Participants involved in the process (realized by a nominal group) Circumstances associated with the process (realized by adverbial group or prepositional phrase) Jakob Grimm (born January 4, 1785) and Wilhelm Grimm (born February 24, 1786), they were the oldest surviving sons of Philip Grimm, a lawyer who served as Hanaus town clerk. The brothers first attended school in Kassel, Germany and then they began legal studies at the University of Marbugh. In 1808, Jakob was named court librarian to the King of

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Westphalia in Wilhemshole, Germany. In 1816, he became librarian in Kassel where Wilhelm had been employed since 1814. They were to remain there until 1830 when they obtained positions at the University of Gottingen. There are around 210 short stories of Brothers Grimm but in this thesis I only use 3 of them because I assume they are represented enough. This thesis only concerns with one component of the metafunction functions that is the ideational meaning. Ideational meaning consist of a system which called the Transitivity. The system of transitivity is a presentation of meaning in a clause.

1.2 The Scope of The Analysis The analysis only focuses on the process in the systems of Transitivity on three Brothers Grimms short stories which consists of material process, mental process, verbal process, relational process ,behavioural process, and existential process found in the Brothers Grimms short stories. They are Clever Gretel, Clever Hans, and Fundevogel.

1.3 The Problem of The Analysis In this thesis, there are two problems that appeared. And this problems need to be answered. The problems are: 1. What are types of Transitivity Process occurred in Brothers Grimms short stories? 2. What is the dominant process found in three Brothers Grimms short stories?

1.4 The Objectives of The Analysis Dealing with the analysis of Transitivity Process found in three selected Brothers Grimms short stories, the objectives of the analysis of this thesis are:

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1. To find out the types of Transitivity Process occurred in Brothers Grimms short stories. 2. To find out the most dominant process found in three Brothers Grimms short stories.

1.5 The Significance of The Analysis The findings of this thesis are expected to help the learners of Discourse Analysis to understand about the application of transitivity in short stories. Also to find out the six types of experiential meaning process in Brothers Grimms short stories. Furthermore, this thesis can also be used as one of the reference in analyzing process in other short stories.

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