Care and Useof the Compound LightMicroscope

I laboratoryObjedives
On completion of the activities in this exercise, you will be able to: . Correctly carry clean, and store a compound light micro-

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scope. Identify the parts of a compound light microscopeand explain their functions. Use the proper method for placing a microscopeslide on the stage,prior to viewing. Adjust the magnification and light sourceof a compound light microscope. Correctly focus the image that you are viewing. Describethe principles of inversion of image and depth of lield. Calculatethe total magnification of the lensesthat you are using to view an objecr. Measurethe diameter of the field of view and estimatethe size of structuresin a tissuesection.

I Materials
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Compound light microscopes Preparedmicroscopeslides of various tissues Preparedmicroscopeslides of the letter e Preparedmicroscopeslides of intersecting colored threads Immersion oil Clear millimeter ruler Lens paper
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system that utilizes only one lens, and the compound microscope, which usesa seriesof lensesin combination (Figure 2.l ) . The microscopes you will be using in the laboratory are compound microscopes. In the typical compound light microscope,the light source (substage tight) is locatedin the base of rhe instrumenr. A beam of light from this source passesthrough a condenser lens located just below the stage, upon which a microscope slide is placedfor viewing. The condenserlens concentrates beam of the light beforeit passes through the specimen.Next, the light beam passesthrough the objective and ocular lenses, which magnify the image for the observer. Objects that are magnified by a light microscope will have more clarity of detail only if resolution is also increased.Resolution, also referred to as resolving power, is the ability to distinguish close objects as separate and distinct. The unaided human eye has a resolving power of about 0.1 millimeter (mm). This means that a person can distinguish two objects that are 0.1.mm apart as distinct entities. If they are less than 0.1 mm apart, they are perceivedas being a single object. A good compound microscope can increaseresolution to 0.001 mm, so the resolvingpower is 100 times greaterthan that of the unaided eye.

OperatingCompound a tight Microscope the Laboratory in

The microscopes that you will be using to study microscopic anatomy are expensiveprecision instruments. They can be damaged if they are not handled with prudence and care. Srricr adherence to the following general rules of maintenance will e x t e n dt h e l i [ e o [ y o u r m i c r o s c o p e : . When carrying a microscope,hold it firmly in front of you, with one hand on the arm and the other hand supporting it under the base.Always set it down gently,without sliding it, onto the table. Clean microscopelensesregularly so dirt or blurred images are not confusedwith cell structures.Always use lens paper for cleaning microscopelenses.Other types of tissues,such as Kimwipes or paper towels, can scratch the lens. To remove an oily smudge,moisten the lens paper with lens cleanebe[ore leaning. r c Avoid touching the lenseswith your fingers becauseoils from the skin can damagethe lens. If you accidentallytouch the lens, clean it immediately with lens paper moistened with lens cleaner.

he microscopeis one of the most important tools used in the study of anatomy and physiology. It is used to view tissue and cellular structures that are too small for examinationwith the naked eye. Clinically,microscopes have become essentialdiagnostic tools and are used regularly duri ng surgicalprocedures. Light microscopes use optical lenses to bend or refract the light wavesthat passthrough an observedobject (a sectionof tissue, for instance).As a result, the image of the object is magnified, typically 40 to 1000 times. The two basic tlpes of light microscopesare the simple microscope, which has a magnifying

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