How to start a wireless ISP, manage and grow your business.

Webinar presentation by WISP-Router Incs Chief Technology Officer Eje Gustafsson in cooperation with EnGenius Technologies
E-mail: eje@wisp-router.com
Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

Introduction and Welcome

About your instructor Eje Gustafsson Network and Unix Administrator for 6 years at Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden
Built Organisations first Webserver in 1993 Setup Organisations Firewall in 1995 Rebuilt network with redunant Fiberbased GigE backbone Administrated and maintained 2 Silicon Graphics Supercomputers Introduced Linux based workstations Administrated 40+ Unix workstations and servers (SGI Irix, HP-UX, IBM AIX, Linux, OpenBSD) Specialized in Legato backup Backup Robot Systems from Sun, ATL, Overland Backup and storage design, installations, training and troubleshooting Webservers, Dialup and later Wireless High Speed Networks
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Backup and storage consultant at Saven for 1 year

Owner of ISP and Computer Service company Family Entertainment Network LLC since 1999 Founder and CTO of WISP-Router, Inc 2005
Company Grew out of side business started under Family Entertainment Network

Important to know FCC Part 15 Frequencies RF Propagation Network Design Business Strategies Competition
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FCC and Part 15 Regulations

Frequency usage governed by FCC

Part 15 regulations for unlicensed usage

Definitions

Part 15 covers an assortment of electronic equipment that generates RF energy whether its intentional, unintentional or incidental Interference Harmful interference Spurious Emissions Intentional Radiator Unintentional radiator Incidental Radiator Digital Device Class B digital device Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

Part 15 Myths
Signal levels are very small not likely to cause harmful interference
Allowed levels to protect on neighbors television from another neighbors video game as an example Not enough always to protect sensitive reception equipment Requirement Part-15 devices, transmitter and digital device are type accepted has been written out of the rules Manufacturer self approved process (computer parts not connected to phoneline or contain intentional radiators such as Single Board Computers) Rules require that manufactures test products to ensure that they do not exceed the absolute maximum limits and that products can not operate in such a way that they do NOT cause harmful interference. Operators are responsible for correcting the interference or to stop using devices if harmful interference occurse

Type Accepted Verification

Harmful Interference

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Type of Devices
High Power Intentional Radiators
Specifically authorized intentional emitters Allowed radio power as much as 1 Watt Specific radio frequencies only Device Certification Required Examples:
WiFi equipment Garage door openers Cordless phones Baby Monitors

Low Power Intentional Radiators

Allows usage on nearly any frequency Very limited to specific field strengths depending on frequency Device Certification Required Examples:
FM transmitters (MP3 docks for car stereos as example)

Unintentional Radiators

Incidental Radiators

Radiated emission limits above 30MHz Conducted emission limits below 30MHz Most common are computers and similar digital devices Part-15 requires that they use good engineering and they not cause harmful interference to radio Partharmful service Include devices like motors and power lines
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Unlicensed Frequencies
(700MHz) 900MHz 2.4GHz 5.15-5.25GHz (indoor use only) 5.25-5.35GHz (low power outdoor) 5.8GHz (high power outdoor) 24GHz 60GHz
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Licensed Frequencies
(700MHz) 3.65GHz 4.9GHz 6GHz 11GHz 18GHz 23GHz
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RF Propagation
900MHz only Near or None Line of Sight Freznel zone clearance Reflections Weather

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Bandwidth
Signal is the sum of spectrum of frequencies used With more signal events per time frame and/or wider spectrum usage, the more data can be transmitted on that signal. Frequency bandwidth is the span of a signal's spectrum from lowest to the highest frequency used The term bandwidth is more commonly used to describe the volume of data that can be encoded per timeframe
Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

Frequency Span
The distance between the center frequency of two channels. 802.11b/g uses 20MHz wide channels 802.11b/g has 5Mhz Frequency separation between channels. (2412, 2417, 2422, , 2457, 2462) 802.11b/g has total of 11 Channels
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Channel Layout
Using 2422 as center frequency the signal covers between 2412 to 2432. The signal spans over the center frequency of 4 channels but encroaches on 6 channels signal span

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Channel Conclusion
In 802.11b/g (2.4GHz) there are 3 nonoverlapping channels In 802.11a (upper 5GHz) there are 6 non-overlapping channels In 802.11a (lower 5GHz) there are 10 non-overlapping channels (5 for indoor use only) 802.11n uses 40MHz channel bandwidth
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802.11g Spectrum Usage

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Attenuation
Cable Loss
RG8U / 400 style aprox 7dB/100ft RG8X / 240 style aprox 12.5dB/100ft RG316 / 100 style aprox 3.6dB/10ft

Free Space Path Loss

d = distance (miles), f = frequency (MHz)

Connector Loss (0.2-0.5dB)

Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

Output Power
Antenna Gain
Measured in dBi

Radio Power
Measured in dBm

EIRP - Effective Isotropic Radiated Power

Total system output power in dBm
EIRP = (TX Power) (Line Loss) + (Antenna Gain)
Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

Receive Sensitivity
How well a radio can hear Minimum signal level required Very dependent on radio quality Example EOC-2610
802.11g: -92dBm @ 6Mbps, -74 @ 54Mbps 802.11b: -97dbM @ 1Mbps, -89 @ 11Mbps

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Antennas
Directivity
An antenna is getting most of its gain by focusing the signal in a direction. Antenna Pattern
Beamwidth E & V Plane Downtilt Front to back ratio

Omni 9dB omni with 7deg downtilt

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Horizontal Antennas
Pros
Rejects 15 to 30dB of all vertical noise Clean unused spectrum Most people traditionally deploys vertical

Cons
Expensive basestation antennas Unsuitable for mobile applications
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Vertical
Pros
Best option for mobile applications Wide arrange of supported end user hw Cheap basestation antennas

Cons
Cheap basestation antennas Plethora of wireless hardware in use in homes and business. WiFi APs, baby monitors, garage door openers, X10, cordless phones
Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

Putting it together
System Operation Margin
Easy to calculate Requirements
Radio Transmitter power Transmission line loss TX & RX Antenna gain Distance Frequency Receive sensitivity http://www.wisp-router.com/wirelesscalculators.php#system

Example: Path loss for a 10 Mile link on channel 6 (2432 MHz) 20 + 67.72 + 36.6 = 124.32 -Router, Inc. dB Copyright 2009 WISPWISP

Conclusions
Example continued (EOC-2610, 6MBps target) :
28dB TX, 10dB antenna, 10 Mile FSPL, 10dB antenna, -92 RX sens. 28 + 10 124.32 + 10 = -76.32dBm

Safe Fade Margins

2.4GHz suggested 20dB in congested areas 5GHz suggested 10-25dB

Line of sight (obstructions)

Trees / vegetation Buildings Hills, mountains
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Building Our System

Point to Point links
Building to building for LAN to LAN
Integrated units

Backhauls. Tower to tower for PtMP dist.

Connectorized units /w high gain antennas

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Point To MultiPoint
PtMP
Distribution to multiple locations (user hookup)
Omnis Sectors

Example:
AP: EOC-3610S CPE: EOC-2610
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Bridge or not to Bridge

Use broadband routers at customer connection point
Ease of control of multiple computers
Online Access Bandwidth Utilization

Virus prevention Prevent file shares and other local traffic into your network

Use routing between APs and backhauls.

Access control Firewalling capabilities Smaller broadcast domains Easier troubleshooting
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Single User Connection?

But my customer only has one computer?

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Multiple Computers?
My customer has more then one computer? Buy 5 EOC-2610 get 2 Free ESR-1220 Buy 10 EOC-2610 get 5 free ESR-1220

ESR-1220 Wireless Broadband Router

Wireless SoHo Router 802.11b/g 25dB EIRP 4 ethernet ports MSRP $39/unit

ESR-9750G & ESR-9750

802.11n GigaEthernet (G model) MSRP $59 / $49 Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

Other Source of Revenue

Internal network installation
Broadband Router Sales Run Network Cabling Networked Printers Networked computers In house Access Points

Firewalling configuration / maintenance

Webhosting Computer repair work Online backup solutions

Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

Other Source of Revenue

Hotspots Locations
Hotels Coffee shops Restaurants

Use for repeater sites to extend coverage

Warehouses ECB-3220
400mW 802.11b/g POE Capable WDS Capable Copyright 2009 WISP--Router, Inc. WISP MSRP $89 Single Unit

Hotspot Setup
EAP-3660
Smoke detector looking design 600mW 80211b/g Multi SSID VLAN Tagging PoE Capable Universal Repeater Embedded Diversity 4dB Omni Antenna MSRP $119 AP/CB/Repeater/Router 600mw 802.11g Diversity High Gain detachable antennas Multi SSID VLAN Tagging Intelligent QoS PoE Capable MSRP $99

ECB-3500

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Know Your Competition

Who is your competition?
Phone Company
DSL Resellers

Cable Company Wireless ISP Cell phone companies DISH/DirectTV

Understand their offerings and most important their limitations and coverage areas.
Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-

WISP Competition?
Befriend Your WISP Competition. Work out RF Interference Work out revenue sharing opportunity
Hotspot roaming Share APs on same tower Redundant backhauls Backup Internet

Mind that WISPs have a common enemy and we have limited RF resources!
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Advantages Over Competitors

EnPower partner program Standalone solution No fees for license or support Easy installation Reduced total cost of ownership Complete product indoor/outdoor mix

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EnPower Dealer Program

Program Highlight
Direct Communication Pro-Active Relationship Shared Investment, Shared Reward

Partner Benefit
NFR Demo Price Special Discount Quarterly Volume Incentive Rebate Joint Sales Call Marketing Collateral

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Copyright 2009 WISP-Router, Inc. WISP-