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INTRODUCTIONS

Definitions Disaster A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard that has come to fruition, resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic event with great loss stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that disasters can cause damage to life, property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people. Landslide Landslides are simply defined as the mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope and have come to include a broad range of motions whereby falling, sliding and flowing under the influence of gravity dislodges earth material. They often take place in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanoes. At times, prolonged rainfall causing heavy block the flow or river for quite some time. The formation of river blocks can cause havoc to the settlements downstream on it's bursting. In the hilly terrain of India including the Himalayas, landslides have been a major and widely spread natural disaster the often strike life and property and occupy a position of major concern.

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Therefore,Emergency Management is represented by a range of measures which have been designed for the management of risks to communities and to the environment. It involves establishing plans, structures and arrangements to bring together the normal activities of governments with voluntary and private agencies. This liaison is done in a comprehensive and coordinated way to deal with the whole spectrum of emergency needs, including the issues of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. Emergency Managers carry out any tasks before, during or after a disaster or emergency and contribute to creating or maintaining the safety of communities. They include police, fire-fighters and State Emergency Service personnel as well as doctors, local government employees, social workers, public health employees, land use planners and other community organisations and volunteers. Emergencies are classified as either human-related, technological or natural. A natural disaster is a serious disruption to a community or region caused by the impact of a naturally occurring rapid onset event which threatens or results in death, injury or damage to property or the environment. They can be caused by bushfires, floods, severe storms, cyclones, storm surges, earthquakes, landslides, tornados, a tsunami or a meteorite strike.Events of this nature require a significant and well coordinated multi-agency and community response. Therefore,as the medical assistant we must know all about pharmaceutical,relief supplies and medical equipment which use during landslide disaster.there are a lot of tools or medical equipment which is use in treat and rescue of the victims.

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Medical equipment Long Spine Board


Description A smooth plywood used to support casualty with suspected spinal injury.

Function Used with Head Immobilization Device and Fastrap Restraint, it provides a firm surface for support casualty with suspected spinal injury.

Inflatable Splint
Description An inflatable device to immobilize the limbs of a casualty.

Function For injuries or fractures at and below knees; and injuries or fractures to forearm, wrist or hand.

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Cervical Collar
Description A lightweight, fully padded supportive device with six sizes that vary in height.

Function For stabilization of the head and neck of a casualty with suspected spinal injury.

Scoop Stretcher
Description A metallic stretcher that can be split into two halves for easy loading of casualty onto the stretcher.

Function For lifting a casualty with fractures or spinal injury.

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Wooden Splint
Description Small strip of plywood.

Function For immobilizing fractured lower limbs.

Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator Description An equipment used to deliver oxygen to non-breathing casualties/patients. It has three different sizes for infant, paediatric and adult.

Function A resuscitation device for ventilating non-breathing casualties/patients.

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Nasal Cannula
Description Oxygen delivery device.

Function For providing an oxygen concentration of 24-50 % to casualty/patient

Oropharyngeal Airway
Description A plastic curved device for maintaining a free airway of a casualty/patient.

Function Used to prevent the falling of the tongue of an unconscious casualty/patient.

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Oxygen Regulator System


Description Oxygen delivery device.

Function A portable equipment for providing oxygen to casualty/patient. The fully-charged cylinder contains 340 litres of oxygen.

Pulse Oximeter
Description An electronic device which has a probe designed to clip on finger or toe.

Function Measure the oxygen saturation of blood and the heart rate.

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Sphygmomanometer
Description An manually operated device for measuring blood pressure.

Function For blood pressure measurement.

Solution for Intravenous Infusion


Description 0.9% Normal Saline and Dextrose 10% in water.

Function 0.9% Normal Saline used for fluid replacement in the case of severe hypotension, hyperglycemia or anaphylaxis; Dextrose 10% in water used for patients whose blood sugar is abnormally low.

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Traction Splint
Description A splint for lower limb fracture with traction to be applied.

Function Provide a traction of 5 lb to 10 lb to the injured limb.

Simple Mask
Description Oxygen delivery device.

Function For providing an oxygen concentration of 40-50 % to casualty/patient.

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Automated External Defibrillator


Description A semi-automatic machine which can detect and analyse patients ECG. It also delivers electric shocks.

Function Used on cardiac arrested patients for delivering electric shocks to convert ventricular fibrillation (non-productive heart movement) to spontaneous heart beat.

Combitube Description An advanced airway adjunct.

Function Used in cardiac arrested casualty/patient by trained paramedic.

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Tuff-Cut Paramedic Scissors


Sharp stainless scissors. Highly useful for cutting seatbelts, clothing, and other materials.

Trauma Bag
Large in size with multiple "inner mobile bag", contains different size of bandages, dressing set, gloves, gauze, tape, IV sets, and medical materials that needed when dealing with trauma cases.

Glucometer
A medical electronic device used to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood of the patient

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LIST OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND DRUGS AND ITS FUNCTIONS. Pharmaceutical and drugs 1) epinephrine - a very commonly use drug in life threathening. 2)etomidate(amidate) - used as short acting intravenous anaesthetic agent for the induction of general anesthesia and sedation for short surgical procedures such as advanced airway intervension or cardioversion. 3) fentanyl - one of the most common drugs used to treat severe pain. 4) mannitol - used to control intracranial pressure and head trauma 5) midazolam - a potent sedative used widely in the prehospital and in hospital setting. 6) morphine - an analgaesic widely use in EMS to control pain. 7 )zofran -used to control nausea and vomitting.

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References History of landslide susceptibility and a chorology of landslide prone areas in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India. Environmental Geology. 2008. doi:10.1007/s00254008-1431-9..
a b

Easterbrook, Don J. (1999). Surface Processes and Landforms. Upper

Saddle River: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0138609586. ^ Le Bas, T.P. (2007), "Slope Failures on the Flanks of Southern Cape Verde Islands", in Lykousis, Vasilios, Submarine mass movements and their consequences: 3rd international symposium, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-6511-8 ^ Schuster, R.L. & Krizek, R.J. (1978). Landslides: Analysis and Control. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.

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