Dynamical Behavior of Delay Coupled Semiconductor Lasers

Dynamicalbehaviorof
delaycoupledsemiconductorlasers
CristinaMartinezGonzalez
Directors:M.CarmeTorrentSerraandJordiGarciaOjalvo
www.upc.edu
Dynamicalbehaviorofdelaycoupledsemiconductorlasers
Contents
178
z
Introduction
z
Motivation:whysemiconductorlasers?
z
Howcanwegeneratechaos?
z
Opticalfeedback
z
Outputsignal
z
Theoreticalmodel
z
Synchronizationofcoupledlasers
z
Unidirectionallycoupledlasers
z
Bidirectionallycoupledlasers
z
Modelforcoupledlasers
z
Detectionofsynchronization
z
Results
z
Conclusions
Dept.deFsica
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Motivation:whysemiconductorlasers?
278
External perturbations produce changes in the dynamics of the output power,
linewidthandstability
They react easily to external perturbations due to low reflectivities of the cleaved
facets
Theseperturbationsevolveatfasttimescales
Theparametersofthedevicearewellknown
Theyareexperimentallywellcontrolled
Theoreticalmodelsreproducewelltheexperiments
Highlycontrollednonlinearsystems
Dept.deFsica
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CC
TC
Introduction:howwecangeneratechaos?
Optical feedback
Currentand
temperature
controllers
378
Dept.deFsica
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Optical feedback
Mirror
Photodiode
478
Dept.deFsica
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CC
TC
www.upc.edu
CC
TC
Optical feedback
Feedbacktimeorcavity
roundtriptime:
t
f
=c/2L
578
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
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Hundredsofns
Weaktomoderatefeedback,
pumpcurrentclosetolaser
threshold
Interdropout interval much longer than relaxation oscillation period or the
externalcavityroundtriptime(feedbacktime,t
f
)
Introduction:opticalfeedback.Outputsignal
Lowfrequencyfluctuations(LFF)
678
Dept.deFsica
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Envelopeofthereal
signal(orderofps)
Introduction:opticalfeedback.Outputsignal
Fischeret.al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.76,221(1996)
778
Dept.deFsica
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Oscilloscope
www.upc.edu
z
Peaks at the inverse of the
roundtrip time of the external
cavity and its harmonics (spaced
1/t
f
)
z
Higherspectrumforlower
frequencies
Introduction:opticalfeedback.Outputintensity
878
Dept.deFsica
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SpectrumoftheoutputintensityintheLFFregime
RFspectrumanalyzer
www.upc.edu
z
Emission in several
longitudinal modes
for pump currents
nearthethreshold
z
Monomode
emission increases
for increasing pump
current
Introduction:opticalfeedback.Outputspectra
978
Dept.deFsica
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Opticalspectrum
Outputsignalofadiffractiongrattingopticalspectrum
analyzer
www.upc.edu
Introduction:opticalfeedback.Model
1078
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Introduction:synchronizationofcoupledlasers
Coupledlasers
Introducingtheoutputlightintoanother
laser
Thereceiverfollowstheemitter
Synchronizationwithadelay
duetothetimeneededbythelightto
reachtheotherlaser
Synchronization:P
2
(t)=P
1
(tAt)
1178
Dept.deFsica
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Introduction:unidirectionallycoupledlasers
Unidirectionalcoupling
C.Masoller,Phys.Rev.Lett.
86,2782(2001)
A.Locquet,et.al.,Phys.Rev.
E65,056205(2002)
1278
Thesystemshowsaleaderandalaggardinitsdynamics
Twocharacteristictimes:t
f
(feedbacktime)&t
c
(couplingtime)
z
Whenthetwolasersreceivedifferentamountoflight:
At=t
c
theemitterleadsthedynamics
z
Whenthetwolasersreceivethesameamountoflight:
At=t
c
-t
f
z
t
c
>t
f
theemitterleadsthedynamics
z
t
c
<t
f
thereceiverleadsthedynamics
z
t
c
=t
f
zerolagsynchronization
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
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P
2
(t)=P
1
(t ) At
www.upc.edu
Introduction:bidirectionalcoupledlasers
Bidirectionalcoupling
1378
FromT.Heilet.al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.86,795
(2001)
Chaoticoutputinducedonlybymutualcoupling
Difference between optical frequencies determines
theleaderofthedynamics
For Ao=0 the leader role spontaneously changes
betweenthetwolasers
Synchronizationat!t
c
(lagsynchronization)
Zerolagsynchronizationisunstable
Dept.deFsica
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Introduction:modelforcoupledlasers
1478
R.LangandK.Kobayashi,IEEEJ.Quant.El.16,347(1980)
J.Mulet,et.al.,Phys.Rev.A65,063815(2002)
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Introduction:detectionofsynchronization
Probabilitydistributionfunction
z
Welldefinedleader
z
Alternance
1578
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1578
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z
Welldefinedleader
z
Alternance
www.upc.edu
1578
Dept.deFsica
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z
Welldefinedleader
z
Alternance
www.upc.edu
1678
Dept.deFsica
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z
Welldefinedleader
z
Alternance
www.upc.edu
Results
1778
z
Introduction
z
Results
z
Routetochaosviaquasiperiodicityintwomutuallycoupledlasers
z
Controllingtheleaderlaggarddynamicsindelaysynchronized lasers
z
Processingdistributedinputsincoupledlasers
z
Noiseinducedzerolagsynchronizationinmutuallycoupledlasers
z
Fromclusteringtosynchronizationinasemiconductorlaserarray
z
Conclusions
Dept.deFsica
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Results
1778
z
Introduction
z
Results
z
z
z
z
z
z
Conclusions
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
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Routetochaosviaquasiperiodicityintwomutually
coupledlasers
1878
z
Motivation
z
Random change in the leader and laggard roles for bidirectionally coupled
lasersoperatingwiththesameopticalfrequency
z
Differencebetweenopticalfrequenciesdeterminestheleaderofthedynamics
z
Howdoestheleaderlaggardsynchronizationemergeinthesystem?
z
Studyingthetransitionfromunidirectionaltobidirectionalcoupling
Dept.deFsica
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Experimentalsetup
Two coupled lasers: the filter NDF
controlsthedirectionalityofthecoupling
Westudythetransitionfromunidirectional
tobidirectionalcoupling
1978
Dept.deFsica
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DONLL
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Unidirectionalcoupling:opticalspectrum
Solitarylasers
Lockedspectrum
Unidirectionallycoupled
(LD1toLD2)
LD1 LD2
LD2
2078
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Experimentalresults:increaseofbackwardinjection.RF
spectrum
Unidirectionalinjection
Enhancementoftherelaxationoscillations
oftheinjectedlaser
LD2
Dept.deFsica
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2178
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spectrum
Weakbackwardinjection
Competition between relaxation
oscillations and external cavity
modes:
quasiperiodicity
2278
LD1
LD2
Dept.deFsica
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DONLL
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spectrum
Bidirectionalcoupling
Externalcavitymodes
excited
chaos
2378
LD1
LD2
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Experimentalresults:increaseofbackwardinjection
2478
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Relativepower:(a,b)0%,(c,d)0.10%,and(e,f)9.5%
b
a
c
k
w
a
r
d
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
z
Unidirectional
crosscorrelationpeakatt
12
z
Quasiperiodicity
12
harmonics at t
12
+t
21
with
envelopeslowlydecreasingto
zero
z
Chaos
12
harmonics at t
12
+t
21
with
envelope quickly
decreasing
tozero
www.upc.edu
Preliminarynumericalstudies:unidirectionalinjection.
Determinationofcouplingstrength
Freerunningoutput:
12
=0ns
1
Destabilizationofoscillations
Perturbedstate:
12
=25ns
1
2578
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c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
www.upc.edu
Preliminarynumericalstudy:unidirectionalinjection.
Validationofparameters
LD1 LD2
LD2
Individualrelaxation
oscillationsside
bands
Increaseofsidebandsat
frequencyRO
LD1
Validationofpumpcurrentsando
parameter
2678
Dept.deFsica
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DONLL
Numericallysimulatedopticalspectrum
Afterinjection
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Numericalresults:increaseofbackwardinjection.
2778
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
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For
12
=25ns
1
:(a,b)
21
=0ns
1
,(c,d)
21
=1.3ns
1
,and
(e,f)
21
=10ns
1
z
Unidirectional
12
z
Quasiperiodicity
12
harmonics at t
12
+t
21
with
envelopeslowlydecreasingto
zero
z
Chaos
12
harmonics at t
12
+t
21
with
envelope quickly
decreasing
tozero
b
a
c
k
w
a
r
d
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
www.upc.edu
Conclusions
z
Maximization of the unidirectional configuration by adjustment of the optical
frequencies forces the injected laser to oscillate at the RO frequency of the
driverlaser
z
Backward injection increases the excitation of the external cavity modesand
quasiperiodicityappearsduetoacompetitionoftheROofbothlasersandthe
externalcavitymodes
z
Increase of mutual coupling developes chaotic behaviorof the output signals
withatimedelaydeterminedbytheexternalcavity
2878
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Results
2978
z
Introduction
z
Results
z
z
Controllingtheleaderlaggarddynamicsindelaysynchronized
lasers
z
z
z
Fromclustertosynchronizationinasemiconductorlaserarray
z
Conclusions
Dept.deFsica
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Controllingtheleaderlaggarddynamicsindelay
coupledlasers
3078
z
Motivation
z
In a chaotic communication system the leader of the dynamics acts as a
transmitteroftheinformation
z
Whichelementleadsthedynamicsofalagsynchronizedsystem?
z
Howdoesthetransitionoccurinthechangeoftheleader?
z
The study of the transition from unidirectional to bidirectional
coupling
z
How does the system select the leader of the synchronized
dynamics?
z
Possibilityofbidirectionalcommunicationsystem
Dept.deFsica
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Twomutuallycoupled
laserswithfeedbackin
LD1
Differentpathoflightto
controltheinjectioninboth
directions
Controllingtheleaderlaggarddynamicsindelaysynchronizedlasers
Experimentalsetup
3178
Dept.deFsica
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(a,b)0%transmittivity,(c,d)40%,(e,f)63%,and(g,h)100%
Transitionfromunidirectional
throughanalternancestate
3278
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Timedifferencebetweendropouts
b
a
c
k
w
a
r
d
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
www.upc.edu
Unlockingofwavelengthsdueto
theweakbackwardcoupling
Unidirectionalcoupling
Stronglyasymmetric
coupling
3378
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Numericalresults:increaseofbackwardinjection
12
=80ns
1
;
11
=10ns
1
:(a,b)
21
=0ns
1
,(c,d)
21
=70ns
1
,
(e,f)
21
=75ns
1
,(g,h)
21
=90ns
1
.
3478
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
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Transitionfromunidirectional
throughanalternancestate
b
a
c
k
w
a
r
d
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:fastdynamicscorrelations
z
LeaderLD1:
21
=0ns
1
z
LeaderLD2:
21
=90ns
1
12
=80ns
1
,
11
=10ns
1
3578
Dept.deFsica
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Securecommunications:itisnecessaryaneffectivemaskingandfasttimescales
toencodethemessage
C.R.Mirassoet.al.,IEEEPhot.Tech.Lett.8,299(1996)
Thechangeintheleadershouldalsooccurinfastdynamicsofthesystem
c
r
o
s
s
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
www.upc.edu
c
r
o
s
s
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
Numericalresults:fastdynamicscorrelations
3678
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
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Alternance
12
=80ns
1
,
21
=70ns
1
11
=10ns
1
LD2leader
LD1leader
www.upc.edu
Messagetransmissioncapabilities
z
WhenLD1leader:
MessageintroductioninLD1
RecoveryinLD2
z
WhenLD2leader:
MessageintroductioninLD2
RecoveryinLD1?
3778
Dept.deFsica
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Chaospassfiltering:amessageinsertedintoachaoticcarriercanbedecodedby
areceiverlaserthatfiltersoutthemessageofthesignal(onlythechaoticpartof
thesignalsynchronizes)
T.Heilet.al.Phys.Rev.A58,R2672(1998),
I.Fischeretal.,Phys.Rev.A62,011801(R)(2000)
TC
CC
CC
TC
www.upc.edu
(frequency=46MHz)
Recovery:filteringduetosynchronizationofthechaoticsignals
Experimentalresults:messageintroduction.Filtering
capabilities
z
LD1leader
z
LD2leader
3878
Dept.deFsica
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z
LeaderLD1:
correctrecovery
z
LeaderLD2:
lossofinformation
Numericalresults:messageintroductionandrecovery
3978
Dept.deFsica
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Bitmessage.Amplitude:3%ofpumpcurrent
(a,b)MessageencodedinLD1:
12
=80ns
1
,
21
=0ns
1
(c,d)MessageencodedinLD2:
12
=80ns
1
,
21
=90ns
1
www.upc.edu
Slidecorrelationfunction
Numericalresults:whycannotwerecoverthemessage?
Maximumofthecrosscorrelation
functioncomputedwithtemporal
averagesoveramovingtimewindow
z
LeaderLD1:
synchronizationis
instantaneously
lostduringthedropout
z
LeaderLD2:
synchronizationlossis
widespread
4078
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z
Whenoneofthelasershasanautonomouschaoticdynamics,anditisinjected
intoasolitarylaser,theinjectedlaserfollowsthedynamics
z
The change of the leader could be induced changing the coupling from
unidirectionaltobidirectional
z
The transition occurs through an altenating behaviour in which the lasers
changeinarandomwaytheleaderroleofthedynamics
z
Theefectivityofthissystemtochaoticcommunicationsfailsduetothelossof
synchronizationformutualcoupling
Conclusions
4178
Dept.deFsica
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Results
4278
z
Introduction
z
Results
z
z
z
z
z
z
Conclusions
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
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4378
z
Motivation
z
The resonance of an excitable system at a frequency not present at its input is
knownasghostresonance
z
Asingledynamicalelementprocessingsignals:
z
Neuronal model: periodic signals and noise (D. R. Chialvo et. al.,
Phys.Rev.E65,2002)
z
LaserswithopticalfeedbackJ.M.Buldetal.(Europhys.Lett,64,2003)
z
How does a coupled system processes the signals when they are
distributed?
z
Theexcitabledynamicsisinducedbycoupling
z
Thelasersareintrinsicallydynamic
Dept.deFsica
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Introductionofoneperiodicsignalateach
laser
Variationofthesignalamplitudes
LFF at a ghostfrequency for the suitable
amplitude
Mutuallycoupledlaserswithoutfeedback
Experimentalsetup:couplinginduceddynamiclasers
4478
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CC
TC
CC
TC
www.upc.edu
Bidirectionallycoupledwithfeedbackin
eachlaser
Ghostresonanceinasystemwith
intrinsicexcitabledynamics
Mutuallycoupledlaserswithfeedback
Experimentalsetup:intrinsicallydynamiclasers
4578
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CC
TC
CC
TC
www.upc.edu
Coupling0%
Coupling100%
Experimentalsetup:diferencesbetweenthetwosystems
4678
Dept.deFsica
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Couplinginduceddynamics
Intrinsicdynamics
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(a,d)A
1
=A
2
=0.191mA
(b,e)A
1
=A
2
=0.409mA
(c,f)A
1
=A
2
=0.575mA
Experimentalresults:identificationofghostresonance
(a,d)A
1
=A
2
=0.285mA
(b,e)A
1
=A
2
=0.643mA
(c,f)A
1
=A
2
=0.750mA
f
1
=10MHz,f
2
=15MHz
(T
1
=100ns,T
2
=66ns)
Couplinginduceddynamics Intrinsicdynamics
4778
Dept.deFsica
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T
0
=200ns,f
0
=5MHz
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
www.upc.edu
Experimentalresults:introducingfrequencyshift
Nontrivialresonace
Introducingafrequencyshift
intheinput(incommensurate
frequencies)
Resonance frequency increases
linearlywiththefrequencyshift
4878
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ExperimentalPDFofresonancefrequencieswithrespecttoincreasingf
1
values
Experimentalresults:introducingdetuning
4978
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(a,d)A
1
=A
2
=0.013mA
(b,e)A
1
=A
2
=0.020mA
(c,f)A
1
=A
2
=0.045mA
Numericalresults:identificationofghostresonance
(a,d)A
1
=A
2
=0.004mA
(b,e)A
1
=A
2
=0.006mA
(c,f)A
1
=A
2
=0.008mA
f
1
=10MHz,f
2
=15MHz
(T
1
=100ns,T
2
=66ns)
Couplinginduceddynamics Intrinsicdynamics
5078
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T
0
=200ns,f
0
=5MHz
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:influenceofcouplingstrength
ghostresonance
T
0
=200ns,
f
0
=5MHz
the two lasers behave like a single
unitsubjecttotwoinputmodulations
lasersentrainedattheinputfrequencies
5178
Dept.deFsica
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Variationofcouplingstrengthforoptimalamplitude(intrinsicallydynamiclasers)
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:influenceoffeedbackstrength
ghostresonance
T
0
=200ns,
f
0
=5MHz
synchronization entrained at the
inputfrequencies
5278
Dept.deFsica
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Variationoffeedbackstrengthforoptimalamplitude(intrinsicallydynamiclasers)
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
theintrinsicdropoutperiodislarger
thantheinputandghostperiods
www.upc.edu
Conclusions
z
When two coupled nonlinear systems are perturbed by two
independentperiodicalsignals,itispossibletoobservearesonanceat
their outputs at a third frequency not present in the input, what is
knownasaghostresonance
z
Coupling between two excitable systems is able to mediate the
processingofdistributedinputs
z
The ghost resonance phenomena persists for incommesurate input
frequencies
z
Thesuperpositionlawpersistseventhoughthetwosignalsactingupon
agivenlaserareclearlydifferent,oneofthembeingelectrical,andthe
otheroptical
z
Coupling and feedback strengths on intrinsically excitable systems
musttunedtoanadequatevaluetorespondtoghostfrequency
5378
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
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Results
5478
z
Introduction
z
Results
z
z
z
z
z
z
Conclusions
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
www.upc.edu
Noiseinducedzerolagsynchronizationinmutually
coupledlasers
5578
z
Motivation
z
Addingthesuitableamountofnoise:
z
Insingleunitsitproducesreproducibleoutputs
z
Incoupledsystemsitcanleadtosynchronization
z
Zero lag synchronization of two mutually coupled semiconductor lasers is
unstable.Howcanwestabilizeit?
z
Twomutuallycoupledlasersaddingopticalfeedback(Kleinetal.,Phys.Rev.E73,
066214(2006))
z
Byrelayingthedynamicsviaathirdmediatorlaser(Fischeret.al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.
97,123902(2006))oramirror(Vicenteet.al.,Opt.Lett.32,403(2007))
z
Cancommonnoisestabilizethezerolagsolution?
Dept.deFsica
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5678
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
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Experimentalresults:variationofthenoiseamplitude
Mutually coupled lasers in a
leaderlaggardconfiguration
We inject the same noise in the
pumpcurrent
Synchronized signals with zero
lag arise with the suitable
amplitudeofthenoise
CC
TC
CC
TC
www.upc.edu
Experimentalresults:variationofthenoiseamplitude
Noiselevel:
(a,b)Nonoise
(c,d)140dBm/Hz
(e,f)130dBm/Hz
(g,h)120dBm/Hz
(i,j)110dBm/Hz
Zerolag
synchronization
5778
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
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n
o
i
s
e
l
e
v
e
l
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:modelingthenoise
Externalcolorednoise:((t)
TimecorrelatednoiseoftheOrnsteinUhlenbecktype
((t )((t ' )=
D
t
c
e
( tt ' ) /t
c D:strengthofthenoise
t
c
:correlationtime
Amplitude:
c=
.
D/ t
c
Addedtothepumpcurrentlasertermofthecarrierdensityequation:
5878
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
dN
j
dt
=C
j
|1 +((t )
ej
N
j
G
j
E
j
2
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:variationofthenoiseamplitude
5978
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Increasingthenoise
strengththezerolag
solutionbecomesstable
Noisestrength:
(a,b)D=0ps
(c,d)D=1ps
(e,f)D=4ps
(g,h)D=8ps
n
o
i
s
e
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:determinationofthenoisecorrelation
time
Crosscorrelationfunctionofthesynchronizedsignalswithzerolag
Numericalnoisecorrelationtime:
t
c
=800ps
6078
Dept.deFsica
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DONLL
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:comparisonoftheslowandfastdynamics
6178
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
slowdynamicssynchronizedat
zerolag
fastdynamicssynchronized
withalag?
Filteredandunfilteredoutputintensities
Introducednoise:D=8ps;t
c
=800ps
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:variationofthenoisestrength
6278
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Keepingt
c
=800psconstant
(a)D=0ps
(b)D=1ps
(c)D=4ps
(d)D=8ps
Uppertraces:crosscorrelationoffilteredsignals
Bottomtraces:crosscorrelationofunfilteredsignals
Nomatch
betweenfiltered
andunfiltered
n
o
i
s
e
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
www.upc.edu
Numericalresults:whitenoiselimit
6378
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
D=8ps
(a)t
c
=800ps
(b)t
c
=100ps
(c)t
c
=10ps
(d)t
c
=0.01ps
Coincidence at the
whitenoiselimit
n
o
i
s
e
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
www.upc.edu
Conclusions
6478
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
z
The introduction of global noise canstabilize the isochronal solutionin two
mutuallycoupledsemiconductorlasers
z
Forlowamplitudethenoiseisnotcapableofaffectingthedynamicsofthe
system, but for higher values of the amplitude the laser outputs synchronize
withoutdelay
z
Zerolagsynchronizationonlytakesplaceinslowtimedynamics
z
Forsmallnoisecorrelationtimes,andeventuallyinthewhitenoiselimit,the
isochronal solution of both the slow and fast dynamics of the system is
stabilized
www.upc.edu
Results
6578
z
Introduction
z
Results
z
z
z
z
z
z
Conclusions
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
www.upc.edu
Fromclusteringtosynchronizationinasemiconductor
laserarray
6678
z
Motivation
z
To understand how a system of coupled oscillators synchronizes when the
delaysintheinteractionsaredifferentforthedifferentoscillatorpairs
z
Nonuniform distributed time delays can have a stabilizing effect (Masoller and
Marti,Phys.Rev.A57,1313(2005))
z
Clustersemergeinlargeensemblesofcoupledoscillators(ManrubiaandMikhailov,
Phys.Rev.E60,1579(1999))
z
Canclustersariseinanarrayofsemiconductorlasers?
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
www.upc.edu
Synchronizationviaclusterformation
Oscilloscope
1GHz
photodetectors

6778
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Fromclusteringtosyncronizationinasemiconductorlaserarray
Experimentalsetup
PD1 PD2PD3
www.upc.edu
Mirror(M)suppliesthefeedbackofeachlaser
t
11
=5.4ns
t
22
=4.8ns
t
33
=7.3ns
Feedbacktimes:
6878
Dept.deFsica
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DONLL
Experimentalsetup:opticalfeedback
1/4
1/16
1/64
PD3
www.upc.edu
LaserintensitiesandRFspectraforuncoupledlasers
6978
Dept.deFsica
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DONLL
Experimentalsetup:outputsignalsofeachindividuallaser
LD1
LD2
LD3
www.upc.edu
Mirroralsosuppliesthecoupling
7078
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Experimentalsetup:mutualcouplingbetweeneachtwolasers
Couplingtimes:
t
12
=t
21
=5.0ns
t
13
=t
31
=6.4ns
t
23
=t
32
=6.0ns
Feedbacktimes:t
11
t
22
www.upc.edu
Variation
Westudyhowthelasersreachsynchrony
7178
Dept.deFsica
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DONLL
Experimentalsetup:routetosynchronyzation
63%light
100%transmittedlight
PD1
PD3
PD2
www.upc.edu
Synchronizedstate:NDF100%transmittivity
LD1LD2
LD1LD3
LD2LD3
7278
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Experimentalresults:synchronizedstate
www.upc.edu
LD1LD2
LD1LD3
LD2LD3
cluster
Clusteringstate:NDF63%transmitivity
7378
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Experimentalresults:clusteringstate
www.upc.edu
LD1LD2
LD3out
ofsync
cluster
7478
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Experimentalresults:choiceofthelasersofthecluster
PD1 PD2
PD3
www.upc.edu
ExperimentSimulations
LD1LD2
LD1LD3
LD2LD3
Cluster
LD1LD3
(detail)
7578
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Numericalresults:choiceoftheparametersforcluster
www.upc.edu
z
We have studied a small network of delaycoupled semiconductor lasers
withdistributedcouplingstrengthsanddelays
z
Synchronizationemergeswithincreasingcoupling
z
Ontheroutetosynchronization,thelasersclusterinpairs
z
External optical injection modifies the lasers optical frequencies. With
coupling,thelaserswithsimilarfrequencyarethosethatformthecluster
7678
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
Conclusions
www.upc.edu
Finalconclusions
7778
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL
z
Competition between relaxation oscillations and the external cavity modes can
leadtoaquasiperiodicroutetochaosfortwomutuallycoupledlasers
z
Theswitchintheleaderofsynchronizeddynamicsinacoupledlasersystemcan
bechangedinacontinuouswaybymodifyingthesymmetryofthecoupling.This
transitionoccursviaastateinwhichthetwolasersalternaterandomlytheleader
andlaggardroles
z
Mutual interaction in a coupled laser system is able to mediate the processing of
distributedcomplexsignals
z
Introduction of global noise stabilizes the isochronal solution in two mutually
coupledlasers
z
Distributed time delays in a small array of semiconductor lasers can lead to
synchronizationviaclusterformation
www.upc.edu
Thankyouverymuchforyourattention
78
Dept.deFsica
iEnginyeriaNuclear,
DONLL

Dynamical Behavior of Delay Coupled Semiconductor Lasers

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Dynamical Behavior of Delay Coupled Semiconductor Lasers

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