Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- chemotherapy
5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
leucovorin
raltitrexed (Tomudex)
Anticancer Drugs
Alkyating Agents: Cytoxan
• largest group of anticancer drugs
• analogue of nitrogen mustard – prescribed orally and IV
• kill cells by forming cross-links on DNA strands
• used to treat breast, lung, ovarian cancers; Hodgkin’s; leukemias; and lymphomas; an
immunosuppressant agent
• Side Effects
bone marrow suppression
alopecia
n/v, diarrhea, wt loss
hematuria
impotence, sterility, ovarian fibrosis
• headache, dizziness, dermatitis
• Nursing Measures: well hydrated to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis (bleeding that results from
severe bladder inflammation)
Antimetabolics: Methotrexate
• for treating solid tumors, sarcomas, choriocarcinoma, leukemia
• interferes with folic acid metabolism – result is inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell
reproduction
• at higher doses clients should be well hydrated
• keep urine pH 7.0 for drug solubility for excretion
• higher does require use of leucovorin as a rescue for normal cells
• Side Effects
arachnoiditis (IT use only): assess for nuchal rigidity, headache, fever, confusion,
drowsiness, weakness, or seizures
anorexia, n/v, stomatitis
hepatotoxicity
anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia
• Nursing Implementations
injection preparation: biological cabnet – wear gloves, gown, and mask while handling
assess for bleeding: avoid IM injections and rectal temperatures if platelet count is low
assess for signs of infection during neutropenia
encourage pt to drink at least 2 liters/day to decrease uric acid levels; allopurinol
BURNS
Cephalosporin
bactericidal
assess allergies (do not give any type or class if
allergic)
monitor s/s of superinfection: stomatitis, vaginitis,
and/or genital itching
advise to ingest buttermilk or yogurt to prevent
superinfection
instruct diabetic not to use Clinitest tablets for
urine glucose testing because of false results; Tes-
Tape or Clinistix may be used, or Chemstrip bG
may be used for blood glucose testing.
take with food if GI irritation occurs
♦ Antimicrobial – sulfamylan, bacitracin, bactiban, silvadene;
topical as well as systemic
silver nitrate (sulfamylan)
anti-infective cream for second and third degree
burns, particularly electrical burns
possible pain on application
provide daily baths for removal of previous
applied cream
handle carefully; solution leaves a gray or black
stain on skin, clothing, and utensils
keep drsg. wet with solution; dryness increases
concentration and causes precipitation of silver
salts in wound
acid-base disturbance because it is a carbonic
anhydrase inhibitor
may cause electrolyte imbalance if used
extensively (hypokalemia)
silvadene cream
antibiotic cream – prevent and treat infection of
second and third degree burns
painless applications- alleviates pain(cooling
effect) and prevents drying
observe for hypersensitivity reaction (sulfa) rash,
itching, burning sensation in unburned area
excessive or extensive use may cause sulfa crystals
(crystalluria)
♦ H2 blockers – tagamet, zantac; prevent stress ulcer
tagamet
has many drug interactions and side effects
by inhibiting hepatic drug metabolism, it enhances
effects of oral anticoagulants, theophylline,
caffeine, dilantin, valium, inderal, Phenobarbital,
and CCB
zantac
treatment of peptic ulcers, GERD, stress ulcer
side effects: confusion, arrhythmias,
hepatotoxicity, anemia
contraindications: severe renal or liver disease
administer with meals or immediately after and at
HS; if dose is once daily administer at HS
shake oral suspension
♦ Hespan
Made from starch and acts as volume expander; is at least
effective as albumin; can exert osmotic effect for up to 36
hours
All types of shock
Use cautiously in CHF, renal failure, or bleeding disorders
(due to anticoagulant effect)
♦ Albumin
Action: increase plasma colloid osmotic pressure; rapid
volume expansion
All types of shock except cardiogenic
Monitor for circulatory overload
Side Effects: chills, fever, and urticaria