INDEX

abolition
and compensation payments, 13, 556,
58, 60
and the mandate system, 502, 58
as a marker of civilization, 1112, 20,
268, 30, 33, 45, 514, 61
as a transnational/global phenomenon, 8,
12, 1618, 20, 55
campaigning for, 911, 1519, 212,
245, 55, 116
culture of, 16, 18
history of, see history
in Brazil, 11516, 119, 1212, 124
in Britain, 1, 910, 1526, 28, 456, 51,
59, 61, 79, 140
in France, 2, 7, 11, 1618, 20, 246, 28,
46, 107, 162
in Nepal, 12, 537
in Sierra Leone, 12, 5760
in the United States, 12, 16, 2944
motives for, 48, 54, 60
multilateral approach, 21
national divisions within, 17, 28
nationalist forms, 18
radical, 11, 16, 2931
see also anti-slavery
Abolition Act of 1833, 46
abolitionism, 1, 9, 1619, 22, 246, 28, 37,
46, 107, 109, 113
abolitionist movement
British, 15, 17, 19, 21, 27, 46, 140
international, 19, 27
abolitionist narrative, 61, 75
abolitionists, 10, 12, 1521, 2435, 3744,
109, 1367, 1434, 146

generalized arguments based on Seminole slavery, 336

use of Indians as benevolent masters
trope, 3943
Aborigines Protection Society, 10, 56
Abyssinia, 12, 514, 56, 59
Acadmicos do Salgueiro, 1201
affective education, see education
affirmative action, 118
Africa, 24, 11, 456, 501, 667, 79, 82,
945, 105, 108, 115, 118, 125, 129,
138, 141, 154, 15960, 163, 165
West, 4, 13, 57, 918, 1024, 114, 116
African Americans, 3, 40, 77, 82, 89, 121
contemporary, 82
identity of, see identity
African Burial Ground, 13, 77, 90
African Civilization Society, 46
African Cultural Centre, 64
African culture, 96, 118
valorization of, 118
African Diaspora, 82, 84
African domestic slavery, see domestic slavery
African domestic slaves, 92
descendants as political leaders, 94
participation in colonial services and
administration, 94
African National Congress (ANC), 734
Africans, 910, 28, 46, 52, 57, 60, 70, 80, 82,
87, 11517, 120, 128, 138, 145
dehumanization of, 140, 161
othering of, 140
Afro-Brazilians, 4, 115, 11824, 1267,
12930
Algeria, 11, 111
Amalekhgunj, see Nepal

Copyright

209

210

Slavery, Memory and Identity

American Board of Commissioners for

Foreign Missions, 36
American South, 2944, 779, 835, 89
Christian (white) v. heathen (Indian)
masters, 29, 32, 35, 38, 44
society as civilized, 31, 33
society as uncivilized, 44
see also Charleston (South Carolina),
Indians
Americas, the, 2, 4, 7982, 87, 91, 11516,
118, 129, 134, 140
Latin, 80, 125
North, 1213, 32, 145, 155, 159
South, 79, 114
Amis des Noirs, 16, 24
Angelou, Maya, 1478
Anglophone Atlantic world, 78
Anglo-Portuguese treaty, 116
Anse Cafard, 6, 109
anti-removal campaign, 30
anti-slavery, 812, 24, 2930, 3547,
5361, 92, 978, 109, 139
movement, 9, 45, 61, 98
politics of, 12, 25
see also abolition
Anti-Slavery Society, 46, 51, 568
Freetown Auxiliary, 58
Apartheid, 69, 736
apologies, 5, 165
official, 5
Arab slavery, 10, 27, 160
Arabia, 50, 91
assimilation, 74
Assyria, 50
Atlantic Slave Trade, see slave trade
Atlantic World, 78, 80, 867

Berlin Act, 53
Bey of Tunis, 8
Bibb, Henry
on Cherokee slavery, 379, 41
blame, 9, 15, 18, 214, 27, 32, 46, 103, 160,
165
and exclusion, 28
of the other, 24, 27
politics of, 15, 18, 213
sharing, 160, 165
Blanchard, Jonathan, 423
Boko (Boo), 93, 98, 101
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 1819, 110, 116
Boni, Yayi, 96, 1023
Bordeaux, see France
Borgou kingdom, 93, 98102, 104
Braslia, see Brazil
Brazil, 25, 9, 11530, 153, 161, 165
Braslia, 1245
commemorations, 118, 129
Rio de Janiero, 11517, 11920, 1239
So Paulo, 117, 119, 125, 127
Brazilian black movement, 118, 121, 124
Britain, 1, 67, 911, 1522, 248, 467,
50, 55, 5861, 789, 108, 116, 132,
136, 1389
bicentenary commemorations, 1, 1313,
139
civilizing reputation, 5861
colonies, 24, 467, 50, 58
Hull, 132, 136
imperial rule, 19
isolationism, 17
Liverpool, 50, 7880, 836, 132, 139,
141, 143
London, 1, 10, 16, 45, 501, 1435
Parliament, 1, 20, 46, 59, 132
Royal Navys anti-slavery squadrons, 10
see also abolition, slave trade
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 46
British Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society, 56
British Slave Trade, see slave trade
British Society for the Abolition of the Slave
Trade, 16
Brown, David, 367
Brussels Conference Act of 1890, 51
Bull, John, 1719

Copyright
Baatombu (Bariba), 93, 989, 101
Baatonu, 95, 99
Bahadur, Jang, 489
Bahamas, The, 6, 789, 86, 89
Nassau, 79, 86
Bahia, 116, 121, 125, 127
Bella people, 97
Benezet, Anthony, 16
Benin, 4, 6, 91, 93, 956, 989, 101, 1034, 124
and democratic decentralization, 1014
Ouidah, 6, 91

Index
Buxton National Historic Site and Museum,
132, 145
Buxton, Earl, 59
Buxton, Thomas Fowell, 10, 46
Canada, 3, 39, 77, 132, 1456, 149, 157
Candombl religion, 118, 120, 123
Cap 110, mmoire et fraternit, 109
Cape Coast (Ghana), 91
Cape Verde, 160, 164
Caribbean, 2, 6, 7980, 10610, 11314
Carnival, 5, 115, 11921, 124, 129
Casas, Bortolomeu de Las, 161
Castlereagh, Lord, 15, 1920, 23
Csaire, Aim, 106
Chamberlain, Neville, 467, 50
Champagney, 108
Charleston (South Carolina), 42, 789,
836, 89
as a hub of the domestic slave trade, 83
tourist industry, 79, 845
Cherokee, 301, 369, 41
nation, 30, 367, 39, 41
slaveholding, 369
Chickasaws, 30
Child, Lydia Marie, 334
Chirac, Jacques, 11113
Choctaws, 30, 412
Christianity, 12, 17, 31, 356, 42
Churchill, Winston, 47
citizenship, 1, 45, 7, 9, 101, 1034, 110,
134, 140, 149, 164
civic nationalism, 66, 64, 76
civil rights, 82, 115, 121, 129, 157
civilization, 1, 1012, 1920, 2633, 356,
407, 4955, 579, 61, 117
and anti-slavery, 1112, 46, 60
and Christianity, 1112, 17, 31, 35
and civilized nations, 20, 22, 50
and harsh slavery, 43
European, 11, 17, 19, 26
global standard of, 50
lack of, 112, 302, 434
mission to bring about, 1011, 46, 160
moral superiority of, 15
uncivilized other, 27
vices of, 38
Western, 27, 50

211

civilization test, 524, 61

civilizing mission, see civilization
Clarkson, Thomas, 16, 25, 45
colonial fracture, 105
colonial rule, 12, 57, 94
colonialism, 111, 151, 15363, 1656
depoliticization of, see depoliticization
in Africa, 48, 82
legacy of, 108, 151, 156
Portuguese, see Portugal
Coloured community, 64, 6971, 736
see also identity
Coloured Nationalist Party, 73
commemoration, 68, 635, 69, 86, 923,
10611, 11314, 118, 129, 1313
in Britain, see Britain
in France, see France
of abolition, 64, 106, 11314, 132
transnational context of, 106, 109
Committee for the Memory of Slavery, 106,
110
competitive narratives, 158
Congress of Vienna, 11, 25
Cooper, Laura Facey, 86
Council of Europe, 155, 158
Craft, William and Ellen, 1414
Creeks, 30, 42
creolization, 87

Copyright
Dahomey, 94, 98
dance, 38, 65, 115, 118, 123, 127
dark tourism, 1345
and darker tourism, 135
de Stal, Madame, 20
de Warville, Brissot, 16
Debret, Jean-Baptiste, 1223, 1278
December 1st movement, 6970
Deep South, see American South
dehumanization, 72, 140, 161
Delgrs monument, 109
Delgrs, Louis, 106, 109, 111
democratic regimes, 3, 159
democratization, 102, 1578
Dendi, 98, 101
Denmark, 9, 23
depoliticization
of colonialism, 15960
of core historical processes, 163

212

Slavery, Memory and Identity

of slavery, 15960
Destination Freedom, 1415
Diamant, 109
difficult heritage, see heritage
difficult histories, 131, 1334, 139
discourses
anti-slavery, 56, 139
Apartheid, 70, 74
civilization, 19, 45, 55, 61
formation of, 19
global, 53, 556, 61
heritage, 76
human rights, 73, 166
local, 55
modernization, 45, 55, 61
race/power evasive, 165
racist, 67, 160
slavery, 23, 69, 81, 94, 103, 159, 165
discrimination, 13, 978, 101, 166
domestic slavery
and silence, 915
as benign slavery, 59, 94
in Africa, 59, 918, 1023
in Nepal, 49
in the United States, see Indian slavery,
Indians
legacies of, 92, 956
memories of, 92, 96
Douglass, Frederick, 44
drama/dramatization, 1313, 135, 137, 141,
144, 149
Drayton Hall plantation, 834, 86, 89
Droit des Colonies, 162

empathetic, 135
consciousness, 140, 149
extension, 145, 148
travel, 135
empathic pedagogy, see education
empathy, 7, 132, 1345, 13941, 149, 166
empire, 1011, 467, 502, 56, 58, 1056,
112, 1312, 159, 164
British, 46, 50, 56, 1312
French colonial, 1056
Ottoman, 50
enslaved women, 81, 113, 120
enslavement, 1, 123, 18, 20, 32, 39, 489,
54, 77, 80, 107, 112, 140, 161
escape from slavery, 34, 39, 59, 77, 89, 122,
1417
Ethiopia, 9, 51
ethnic groups, 48, 668, 935, 98103
recognition of, 48, 934, 98, 1001, 103
ethnic identities, see identity
Eurocentrism, 1513, 155, 1578, 166
Europe, 2, 6, 1113, 1528, 50, 52, 56, 91,
94, 110, 115, 118, 129, 140, 1526,
159, 1612, 166
continental, 10, 19, 224, 111
Southern, 22
Western, 2, 4, 79
European
civilization, see civilization
discoveries and expansion, 156, 161,
1634
identity, see identity
slave trade, see slave trade
experiential pedagogy, see education

Copyright
education, 1, 4, 6, 8, 93, 107, 11112, 116,
127, 13149, 15166
about slavery and the slave trade, 7, 131,
133, 106, 133
affective, 149
and school field trips, 1323
empathic pedagogy, 140
experiential pedagogy, 1345, 141,
1489
instruction of slaves, 37
National Curriculum (England and
Wales), 132, 134
see also textbooks
Elgin settlement, 146

female slaves, 32, 43, 49, 113, 116, 118, 120,

1234, 1268, 138
and plantation work, 81
sexual violence against, 81, 138
stereotypes of, 81, 126
field trips, see education
Florida, 30, 34, 43
Florida War, see Seminoles
Footsteps to Freedom, 1468
forgetting, 13, 10810, 113
France, 2, 69, 11, 1526, 28, 46, 10514
Bordeaux, 111
colonies, 18, 23, 25, 50, 107, 162

Index
commemorations, 10611, 11314
mission civilisatrice, 11
Nantes, 6, 107, 111
Napoleonic Wars, 1719, 223
Paris, 16, 45, 96, 108, 111
see also abolition, French Revolution,
identity, slave trade
Franco-centric
memorial practices, 107
models of commemoration, 109, 114
narrative of abolitionism, 107
Francosphere, 7, 106, 109, 112
freedom, 18, 24, 39, 45, 47, 59, 723, 77, 99,
116, 1201, 1256, 129, 134, 1416,
148, 151, 162
Freedom Park, 72
Freetown, see Sierra Leone
French Revolution, 16, 24, 107, 110, 158,
162
Freud, Sigmund, 88
and melancholia, 889
Fulbe (Fulani), 93, 98101

213

heritage, 19, 63, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 86, 91,
98, 118, 127, 131, 1334, 154, 156
difficult, 131
immaterial, 118, 1234
industry/sector, 7, 635, 70, 74, 123,
1312, 135, 145
material, 1234
of slavery, 6376, 118, 123
public, 64, 70
sites/spaces, 645, 689, 76, 125, 1324,
145, 149
Hildreth, Richard, 42
historical recounting, 78
historical wrongs, 3
history
European perspective, 166
good and bad, 1556
of abolition, 2, 89, 25, 53, 61, 109
of slavery, 2, 69, 634, 70, 72, 7780,
8290, 108, 119, 1324, 145, 1534
official, 91
oral, 13, 95, 100
public, 7, 63, 78, 878
revisioning, 101, 160
rewriting, 91, 98104
Holocaust, The, 6, 111, 117, 131, 1345,
156
Hotobah-During, C.D., 58
Hull, see Britain
human rights, 24, 724, 156, 1656

Copyright

Gambia, 93
Gando, 4, 935, 98104
identity, see identity
Garrison, William Lloyd, 34
Ghana, 88, 91
Gharti caste, 57
Glissant, Edouard, 108, 11314
global
debates, 158
governance, 54, 61
order, 158
Golden Law, 11819, 121, 124
Gore Island, 91, 1056
governmentality, 96, 160, 166
Grgoire, Abb, 10910
Guadeloupe, 1057, 109, 113
Guildhall, 13640, 149
Guildhall Debates, the, 13940
Guyana, 1057, 113

Haiti, 91, 10910, 113

Haitian Revolution, 25, 107, 166
Harris, Sir John, 51
Harrison, George, 18

identity
building new, 98
collective, 1, 2, 89, 24, 72, 100
construction of, 15, 98
ethnic, 74
European, 20, 156
French republican, 108
Gando, 99102
imagined communities, 1, 8, 94, 97
national, 3, 11, 1619, 22, 247, 48, 64,
98, 105, 151
of African Americans, 121, 154
of slave descendants, 63, 75, 98, 104
of South African Coloured community,
64, 6970, 745
policing of, 105
racially determinist model of, 17

214

Slavery, Memory and Identity

identity politics, 634, 66, 75

imagined communities, see identity
imperialism, 50, 82, 156, 160
India, 48, 537, 64, 71
Indian Removal Bill, 30
Indian slavery, 329
brethren-like relationship, 35
similarity to European vassalage, 33
see also Indians
Indian Territory, 30, 3940
Indians, 12, 2944, 159, 161
as benevolent masters, 2932, 3544
as noble savages, 312, 38, 40, 44
as savages, 31, 34, 404
as slaveholders, 29, 312, 35
as uncivilized, 303, 358, 404
gender roles of, 401
removal, 30, 345, 40, 42, 83
see also Indian slavery, Indian Territory
industrial revolution, 159
institutionalized forgetting, see forgetting
interculturality, 154
international
community, 48, 53, 56
conferences and treaties, 50
cooperation, 17, 19
law, 52, 54, 60
politics, 1921, 237, 53, 61
society, 52
International Slavery Museum, 7883, 88,
132, 139, 141
international focus, 7983
International Year to Commemorate the
Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition, 166
interpretations, 78
production of, 153, 158
invisibility, 878, 119, 159
of Afro-Brazilian history in the public
sphere, 11819
of race and racism, 1589, 1601
of slave experiences, 87
of violence, 87, 159
Iziko Slave Lodge, 70, 73

justice
restorative, 35
social, 115
transitional, 3
Kalal, 93, 99102
Kathmandu, see Nepal
Krkou, President, 95, 102
Key Stage 3 (KS3), 132, 152
kiriku, 99
Kleurling Weerstandsbeweging, 73
Kouyat, Seydou Badian, 97
Ku Klux Klan, 82, 85
Laawol, 100
Fulfulde cultural seminar, 100
Landmarks, see representation
Law Eusbio de Queirs, 116
Le Morne, 4, 649, 756
League of Nations, 12, 45, 50, 534, 5660
legacies of slavery
cultural, 72
economic inequalities, 83
political inequalities , 83
racism, see racism
social inequalities, 76, 83
Les Anneaux de la Mmoire (The Links of
Memory), 107
Leuxembourg gardens abolition monument, 111
liberalism, 159, 162
Liverpool, see Britain
London, see Britain
Louverture, Toussaint, 107, 10911
Lugard, Lord, 502, 56, 58
Luso-Brazilian, see slave trade
lynching, 85

Copyright

Jackson, Andrew, 30
Jamaica, 81, 86
Jay, William, 2930, 32, 345

Madagascar, 105
Mae Preta (Black Mother) monument, 119
Maga, Hubert, 94, 1034
maison des esclaves, see Gore Island
Malaise Creole, 67
Mali, 13, 967, 1023
Maroon, 2, 65, 109
Martineau, Harriet, 3940, 43
Martinique, 6, 1057, 109, 113
Mauritania, 13, 97, 102
Mauritius, 2, 4, 639, 756
Creoles, 4, 64, 669, 756

Index
Mauritius Museums Council, 65
Mayotte, 107
Mbeki, Thabo, 72
Melancholia, see Freud, Sigmund
Memorial Park of Palmares Quilombo, 126
Memorial to the Enslaved, 71
memorialization, 5, 7, 13, 106, 108
as a transnational process, 11314
memories
contrapuntal, 105, 11213
in the private sphere, 100, 118
in the public sphere, 1, 100, 107
multidirectional, 111
shared v. plural shared, 112
memory
collective, 75, 78
cultural, 64
duty of, 112
institutionalization of, 111, 162
legitimate, 108
living, 135, 141
of slavery, 5, 7, 69, 86, 106, 108, 11213,
11516, 118, 1202, 124
of the slave trade, 105
prosthetic, 132, 141, 149
public, see public memory
re-memory, 88
restorative value of, 110
shared, 107, 110, 112, 114
significance of physical context and emotion, 1356, 149
Merseyside Maritime Museum, 141
mestiagem, 119, 164
Middle East, The, 2, 92
Middle Passage, 70, 80, 138, 146
Middletown Place plantation, 84
mild slavery, 23, 27, 33, 42, 479, 60
and absence of civilization, 33, 42
missionaries, 31, 367, 41, 47, 161
modernity, 57, 1556, 158, 162, 166
modernization, 45, 556, 61
monuments, 2, 6, 89, 64, 78, 878, 90, 109,
111, 115, 11819, 1236, 12930, 154
Moody, Loring, 35
morality, 20, 256, 28, 54, 60
Mozambique, 154
multicultural/multiculturalism, 1, 4, 9, 64,
66, 68, 745, 153, 157, 161

215

multiculturalist nationalism, 66
multiperspectivity, 1579
Muluki Ain, 489
Museu do Negro (Black Museum), 119
museums, 12, 68, 635, 70, 73, 7789,
913, 115, 11819, 124, 127, 12936,
139, 141, 1439
Muslims, 66, 154
myth of the three races, 11718
Nantes, see France
Napoleonic Wars, 1719, 223
Nascimento, Abdias, 124
Nassau, see Bahamas, The
nation building, 15, 24, 636, 68, 72, 745
National Black Consciousness Day, 118, 126
National Centre for the Memory of Slaveries
and their Abolitions, 113
national historic landmarks, see representation
national narratives, 7, 17, 22, 65, 72, 74,
1069, 126, 129, 1578
National Party, 734
nationalism, 1718, 25, 66, 746, 1578
Native Americans, see Indians
Navio Negreiro (Slave Ship), 120
Negroes, 23, 334, 367, 3941, 434, 51,
142
Nepal, 12, 45, 489, 537, 601
abolition in, see abolition
Amalekhgunj, 45, 57, 61
caste system, 489, 53, 57
Kathmandu, 49, 534
slavery in, see domestic slavery, slavery
Netherlands, The (colonial Dutch), 6, 19,
21, 23, 701
New Imperialism, 50, 160
New South Africa, 6970, 72
New World, 80, 90
New York, see United States
Niger, 13, 94, 97, 102
non-identity, 64

Copyright
Obama, Barack, 82, 89, 144
Old Slave Mart Museum, 85
Ouidah, see Benin

216

Slavery, Memory and Identity

Palmares, see Quilombo dos Palmares

Panthon, 106, 109
Paraba Valley, 123
Paris, see France
performance, 63, 667, 76, 123, 1313, 135,
138, 1412, 149
Pingel, Falk, 158
plantations, 34, 38, 401, 77, 815, 87, 89,
11617, 123, 138, 142, 144, 1467
political hostilities, 16, 21
politics of recognition, 68
Portugal, 1516, 22, 258, 116, 15166
7 Wonders of Portuguese Origin in the
World, 1534
colonialism, 1534, 160, 163
Portuguese specificity, 163
self-image, 27
slave trade, see slave trade
power relations, 68, 104, 153, 156, 15860,
163, 165
power structures, 155, 166
prejudice, 4, 6, 38, 40, 67, 134, 156, 158
pride, 13, 27, 99, 104, 151
collective, 16
national, 11, 15, 26
Princess Isabel, 119, 121, 124
Probyn, Governor, 47
public memory, 4, 856, 11530
international rise of, 116, 118

Recife, 123
redemption certificate, 47
Redemption Song memorial, 86
Regulation of Indigenous Labour, 162
reinvention, 910
relational comparisons, 89
remembering, 3, 13, 634, 78, 87, 93, 96,
1089, 11214, 123, 131, 134
remembrance, 76, 85, 106
re-memory, see memory
reparations, 8, 76, 108, 110
financial, 56
for the Holocaust, 6
politics of, 6
representation
global context of, 78
human, 77
landmarks, 68, 779, 846, 88, 90
museum exhibitions, 63, 77, 81
of difficult histories, see difficult histories
of slave life in museums, 127
of slavery, 7, 7790, 93
of slaves in Brazilian telenovelas, 1213
of the other, 157
visual, 77, 801, 119
reputation, 1011, 16, 23, 45, 53, 55, 5861
resistance, 7, 34, 46, 67, 701, 78, 10810,
1202, 126, 129, 148, 1623
restitution, 3, 5
Reunion Island, 1057
Revolution of Saint-Domingue, 162
Rice, Nathan, 423
Rio de Janiero, see Brazil
role play, 1313, 138, 1445, 149
Rouch, Jean (Libert, galite, fraternit, et
puis aprs ), 10910
Russia, 11, 21, 46

Copyright
Quilombo dos Palmares, 118, 120, 124, 126,
163
quilombolas, 118, 120, 1226, 1623
race
as a determinant for enslavement, 32
consciousness, 161
politics of, 3
relations, 789
racial
democracy, 11719, 129
inequalities, 115, 117
mixture, 117, 119, see also mestiagem
racism, 6, 7, 13, 75, 78, 83, 105, 111,
11518, 130, 134, 15166
rainbow nations, 4, 64, 66, 69, 736
Ramos, Arthur, 117, 124
rebellion, 46, 71, 116, 162

Sahel, 97
Salvador, 11516, 123, 1256
Sansom, Philip, 45
Santiago, see Cape Verde
So Paulo, see Brazil
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 111, 114
Sati, 53, 55
Schoelcher, Victor, 106, 109
Scramble for Africa, 160
sculptures, 2, 86, 126

Index
Second Seminole War, see Seminoles
segregation, 73, 823, 85, 117
selective remembering, 108
Seminoles, 30, 336, 40, 424
and lack of civilization, 345
as benevolent masters, 35
Florida War, 345
Second Seminole War, 34, 40, 423
unusual form of slavery, 34
Senegal, 91, 102
see also Gore Island
shame, 5, 89, 18, 26, 95, 148
Sharp, Granville, 16, 45
Shere, Chandra Shum, 536, 61
Shere, Dev Shum, 49
Sierra Leone, 3, 12, 458, 5761
abolition in, see abolition
as a project of the British anti-slavery
movement, 45
Company, 46
Freetown, 457, 578, 601
Hut Tax War, 467
Krio population, 467, 61
Protectorate of, 467, 5760
Protectorate Ordinance 33 of 1901, 47,
589
slavery in, see slavery
silence, 23, 25, 69, 912, 945, 100, 103,
106, 108, 156, 15960, 162
Simmons, William, 334
Simms, William Gilmore, 43
Slater, Governor, 47, 578
slave
agency, 75, 145
objectification of the, 159
voices, 13, 45, 1423
slave descendants, 6, 456, 48, 66, 71, 75,
912, 948, 101, 1034, 108, 115,
1234
and decision to hide their past, 63, 95,
97, 103
slave trade, 1, 11, 20, 24, 48, 51, 55, 75, 105,
113, 136, 13941, 144, 154, 159, 166
abolition of, see abolition
African, 19, 25, 91, 116
Arab, 10, 27
Asian, 10

217

Atlantic/transatlantic, 9, 7980, 88,

912, 95, 103, 107, 111, 115, 119,
125, 1279, 133
British, 6, 910, 1518, 23, 25, 27, 456,
7980, 116, 1312, 137
domestic, 83, 91
European, 15, 1819, 278
French, 10, 212, 256
illegal, 116
Indian Ocean, 912
Luso-Brazilian, 116, 1278
Mediterranean, 912
Portuguese, 267, 116, 160
Spanish, 10, 21, 26
trans-Saharan, 91
slavery
abolition of, see abolition
and silence, see silence
and violence, see violence
as a benevolent institution, 31
as a crime against humanity, 110
as a peculiar institution, 140
as a relational source of self-definition
and external differentiation, 8
as a transnational/global phenomenon,
2, 8
as an extraterritorial issue, 107
as consigned to the past, 166
as mild patriarchy, 47
as part of the history of labour, 129
as uncivilized, see abolition
benign, 8, 12, 29, 42, 94
colonial, 10, 257, 46
cultural legacy of, see legacies of slavery
depoliticization of, see depoliticization
domestic, see domestic slavery
economic legacy of, see legacies of slavery
escape from, see escape from slavery
history of, see history
in Nepal, 489
in Sierra Leone, 468
in textbooks, see textbooks
Indian, see Indian slavery
memorialization of, see memorialization
memories of, see memory
mild, see mild slavery
plantations, see plantations
racial dimensions of, see race

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Slavery, Memory and Identity

representations of, see representation

sites of, 80, 83, 1279
transatlantic, 3, 1312, 1345, 149
trivialization of, 159, 161
white v. Indian, see American South,
Indian slavery, Indians
Slavery Commission at Geneva, 56
Slavery Convention of 1926, 57, 59
Smith, Adam, 54, 13940
Social Darwinism, 50
social exclusion, 9
social status in West Africa, 957, 102
Society for Effecting the Abolition of the
Slave Trade, 45
Solitude statue, 109, 111
South Africa, 24, 6, 19, 634, 6976, 117
post-apartheid, 3, 63, 69, 73
see also Apartheid, Coloured community,
New South Africa
South African Cultural History Museum, 70
Spain, 15, 17, 212, 256, 28, 160
staircase (slave-built), 6, 79, 86, 89
Stanley, Captain, 478
Steiner, Abraham, 36
Sudan, 51

Thompson, George, 34
tolerance, 117, 134, 140, 145
Tour, Amadou Toumani, 96
tourism, 77, 79, 81, 845, 91, 118, 120, 123,
1267, 130, 1345
cultural 123, 130
see also dark tourism
Transatlantic Slavery Gallery, 141
transnational, 2, 12, 1618, 109, 11314
cooperation, 20
networks, 16
processes/phenomena, see abolition,
memorialization, slavery
traumatic pasts, 134, 141, 145, 149
truth and reconciliation, 3
Treaty of Paris, 21, 46
Tubman, Harriet, 77
Tunisia, 8
Uncle Toms Cabin Historic Site, 133
Underground Railroad, 77, 142, 146
Understanding Slavery Initiative, 133
UNESCO, 65, 11718, 125, 166
Department of Social Sciences, 117
General Conference, 91, 117
Slave Route project, 2, 723, 91, 103,
118, 125
United Democratic Front, 74
United Kingdom, 67, 9, 60, 78
see also Britain
United Nations World Conference against
Racism, 6, 166
United States, 3, 6, 9, 2931, 36, 39, 41, 73,
778, 80, 823, 117, 140, 144, 1467,
154, 157
civil rights movement, 121, 157
New York, 6, 13, 77, 8990
see also Charleston (South Carolina),
American South, Indians
unity in diversity, 66, 68, 75

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Tafari, Regent Ras (Haile Selassie I), 52
Tailors Conspiracy monument, 125
Taubira law, 1067, 111
teaching slavery, see education
Temedt, 97
Temporary Slavery Commission, 52, 58
Temporary Slavery Committee, 52
textbooks, 7, 85, 93, 119, 15166
absence of African history, 163
debates on, 153, 1579
misrepresentation of history, 93, 119,
152, 160, 162
reinforcing Eurocentrism and racism,
1513, 15562
role in remembering and commemoration, 93
see also education
Thapa, Bim Sen, 48
Theory of Moral Sentiments, The
and the British abolition movement, 140
Thistlewood, Thomas, 81
Thompson, General Wiley, 34

Valongo wharf and slave market, 120, 1289

Vergs, Franoise, 108, 110, 112
Vieira, Priest Antnio, 161
violence, 44, 512, 77, 81, 87, 90, 159, 163
sexual, 81, 138

Index
Walsh, Robert, 128
West Indies, 55, 91
Western Cape, 69, 734
whitening policies, 117, 119
Wilberforce House Museum, 132, 136, 140
Wilberforce, William, 20, 136
Winfrey, Oprah, 823, 89
World Cup, 7, 105, 12930
World Slavery Convention of 1840, 46

219

xenophobia, 6, 1718, 166

Yoruba, 101, 120
Zanzibar, 55
Zong slave ship, 87
Zumbi, 2, 118, 120, 1247, 129
monuments to, 1247
see also Quilombo dos Palmares

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