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Development Science I:

TOOLS-METHOD-APPROACHES IN AGROFORESTRY LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS Prof. Dr. HADI SUSILO ARIFIN

QUIZ
How the roles of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) for Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) and Rapid Carbon Stock Assessment (RaCSA) in AFLA?

Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Japan Spring 2012
Material Source: AFLA Modul (Arifin HS, Wulandari C, Pramukanto and Kaswanto RL, 2008); Arifin HS, Wulandari C, Pramukanto and Kaswanto RL, 2010. Analisis Lanskap Agroforestri. IPB Press. Bogor. 199p

STUDI SITES CASE STUDY IN INDONESIA

AGROFORESTRY LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS IN MENDALAM RIVER BASIN, THE UPPER STREAM OF KAPUAS WATERSHED, WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE - INDONESIA The upper stream of Kapuas Watershed, Mendalam River Basin. The research area is located in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia; 123 55 58 East Longitude 113 37 26 East Longitude and 0 49 22 North Latitude 1 19 28 North Latitude. The area of Mendalam river basin is about 147,200 ha or about 1.5 % of total Kapuas Watershed (9,874,910 Ha).

Fig. 1. Mendalam River Basin of the Upper Stream of Kapuas Watershed, West Kalimantan Province

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ACTIVITIES
PRE FIELD WORK: 1. Survey preparation 2. Communication to local counterparts and institutions FIELD WORK: 1. Preparing appliance and materials 2. Determination location of sample 3. Gathering data, field survey and sampling (ground check survey, interview, observation of secondary data) POST FIELD WORK: 1. Images and maps analysis 2. Bio-physic-social- economic-cultural data analysis 3. Analysis of agroforestry model (segregation/ integration/ gradient) 4. Relevancy between study results and LAF Curriculum

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Factors Bio-physic Type of Data 1.Topographical map 2.Satellite imageries 3.Soil map 4.Hydrological map 5.Nat. vegetation and crops (species, prod.) 6.Wildlife and animal husbandry (species, prod.) 1.Demography and Population 2.Households, Ethnics, Occupation, Customary Law 3.District and National Regulation Outcome 1.Land Cover/Use Map 2.Biodiversity Map 3.LAF Map

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Data were analyzed base on data collected on biophysical and socio-economic-cultural factors. Base on characterized of LAF was classified the structure of LAF in five categories as follows: 1. Tree-Soil-Crop-Climate-Fauna interactions 2. Farmer management of agroforestry patches on farm 3. Value chain and marketing of AF products

Social, Economic and Cultural

Household socialeconomic structure, cultural domain

4. Landscape scale pattern of interactions, emergence of environmental services 5. Multi stakeholder interactions, governance, conflict, incentives

BIOPHYSICAL FEATURE
Components Processes of Nature and Activities of SocioEconomic-Culture Water Cycle Precipitation Temperature Humidity Vegetation, succession, distribution Infiltration Run off Potential Erosion Potential Geomorphologic Process Soil Process Spatial Pattern Watershed area (hydrologic unit) Isohyets boundaries Iso-term boundaries Iso-humidity bound. Vegetation Map Infiltration Map Run off Map Erosion Map Geomorphologic Map Soil Map

SOCIO-ECONOMIC-CULTURAL PHENOMENON
Components Processes of Nature and Activities of SocioEconomic-Culture Spatial Pattern Land Cover/Land Use Map Farming System Map Mean of Livelihood Distribution Wage Received Distribution Marketing Distribution Occupation Distribution Population Density Map Government Policy Boundaries

Biophysical Feature

SocioLand Management EconomicFarming System Cultural Phenomenon Mean of Livelihood Waged Received Marketing Product Occupation Population Dynamic Government Policy

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LAND COVER TYPE

No. Land Cover Type ha 1 2 3 4 Low Land Forest Secondary Dry Land Forest Secondary Wetland Forest Mixed Agriculture Dry Land Total ** 142,317 20,599 5,658 15,159 185,723 1990 % Area (ha) * 2000 ha % 2005 ha % 76.9 10.5 2.5 10.2 100

76.6 141,917 11.1 19,668 3.0 5,013

77.2 141,371 10.7 19,231 2.7 4,547

LANDCOVER MAP MENDALAM WATERSHED 1990

8.2 17,136 100 183,734

9.3 18,723 100 183,872

* Sources: Landsat TM analysis 1990, 2000 and 2005 in Livelihood Study of the Upper Stream of Kapuas Watershed (2007) ** The total area is based on Landsat Data.

LANDCOVER MAP MENDALAM WATERSHED 2000

LANDCOVER MAP MENDALAM WATERSHED 2005

RaCSA

RMA

RABA

RHA

AFLA APPROACHES Rapid of

RHA (R Hydrological Appraisal) RaCSA (R Carbon Stock Assessment) RABA (R Agro-Biodiversity Assessment) RMA (R Market Assessment) RaTA (R Land Tenure Appraisal)

PALA RaTA

Trade-offs analysis and scenario-based models

WaNuLCAS (Agroforestry technology: tree & crops, H2O, N&P and C balance; profitability) Scenario tool for ex ante impact assessment

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LANDCOVER IDENTIFICATION

SPATIAL INFORMATION
No SPATIAL DATA 1 2 3 4 5 6 Land Use/Land Cover Land Cover Changes Elevation Rivers Network Drainage Water Catchment Soil Bio-physical RHA RaCSA

Data Landsat 7 ETM

Remarks Scene ID: 110-66: 8 September 1999. Spatial Resolution: 30 m. Cloud cover: 1%. Sun Height: 57.21 Scale: 1 : 25 000 Source: BAKOSURTANAL

Topographycal Map

Forest Landuse Agreement Scala: 1 : 100 000 (TGHK) map Source: Dinas Kehutanan

Jenis STRM 90 m DEM STRM 90 m DEM

Data strm_61_1 4 strm_62_1 4

Position Year Latitude 7.50 S 2004 Longitude 122.50 E Latitude 7.50 S 2004 Longitude 127.50 E

LANDCOVER CHANGES

Spectral Signature from Some Landcovers

ELEVATION
RIVERS DRAINAGE NETWORK

Southern Part of Rinjani (ECPE, WWF Lombok)

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WATERSHED COVERED

SOIL BIO-PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

SOIL TYPES MAP CILIWUNG WATERSHED

The Sixteen Sub-Watershed in the Kapuas Hulu Watershed

RAPID HYDROLOGICAL APRAISAL (RHA)

Kapuas Hulu Watershed was analyzed by RHA Method. (Jeanes, 2006). Fast. Cheap and holistic. This method can be utilized to know the gap perception among the stakeholders, i.e. local communities, researchers and scientists, before establishment of Environmental services development. If there is no gap significantly, we can start to develop mechanism of environmental services payment. But if there is a gap, the first we need some activities to bridge between the gaps.

RAPID HYDROLOGICAL APRAISAL (RHA)

1. 2. 3. 4.

Whats watershed hydrological function ? Who is watershed manager (to keep and improve hydrological function of watershed)? How the existing condition of watershed hydrological function? How the effective mechanism of environmental services payment to keep on the hydrological function of watershed?

RaCSA

Whats Scale?
1. Tree Level

ANALYSIS/ASSESSMENT

CARBON TRADING

How to extrapolate C stock in landscape level?

Bio-physic ~ Field = C pohon Bio-physic ~ Field = C landscape C Land + Map (GIS) = C bentang lahan

2. Site Level

3. Landscape Level

$ 5/t CO2

4. Tingkat Global

C Landscape + Map (GIS)

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GIS and RS for RHA and RaCSA

RaCSA RHA
Land uses Land uses Land uses Market location

RMA
Commodity map

Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) for Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) and Rapid Carbon Stock Assessment (RaCSA)

Hydrofeature

Tenure ANALISA SPASIAL

Land uses Landscape feature

need the availability of spatial information of landscape bio-physical condition.

RATA

Land uses

Biodiversity feature

Land uses

PALA

RABA

GIS and RS for RHA dan RaCSA From Plot Size to Landscape Size

GIS and RS for RHA dan RaCSA Whats spatial problem on RaCSA? How the dynamic of perubahalandcover changing in the region? How much the Carbon stock available in the landscape? How the dynamic of Carbon stock in the region?

RAF Appearance on LANDSAT ETM - Spatial Data solves the problem which could not find by analysis in the sample plot level. - Spatial Data is possible to analyze in the landscape level.

GIS and RS for RHA dan RaCSA Whats spatial problem on RHA? How landscape mosaic of land cover in the watershed? How the watershed configuration in the region? How the topographical condition? How the land use changing?

SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR RHA

1 Understanding of Watershed Configuration a. Rivers network data b. Watershed boundary c. Sub-catchment boundary 2 a. b. Integrating Data between LC and Watershed How land cover composition in the watershed? How the land use changing in the watershed?
GPS Points

Thematic Maps

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SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR RHA

1

SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR RHA

2

Understanding of watershed configuration

Integrasi data LU/LC dengan DAS

Secondary data from other institutions, e.g. Local Watershed Agency Hydrology data from digital elevation model (DEM)

Land Cover Map

Watershed Map

SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR RaCSA SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR RaCSA

1

Data Integration of Plot Measurement and RS Analysis Results

Integrating data between plot measurement and remote sensing data analysis. Analyzing land cover changing Analyzing the dynamic of Carbon stock

Land Cover Spatial Data

Sample Plot Measurement Data

SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR RaCSA

2

SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR RaCSA

3

Measurement of Land Cover Changes

Estimation of Carbon Stock Changes

Emission or Sequestration?

C-stock Table and land cover changing matriks can be transformed to matrix of C-stock changing This matrix shows how much C-stock changing in each land cover changed. Dynamic of C-stock can be as emission or sequestration.

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SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR RaCSA

Problem and Handicap

Precision: error accumulation between C measurement on plot scale and spatial data of land cover. Information Resolution: Forest and non-forest classification? How far detailed information needed for optimal results. Data Spatial Source: Cost and data quality. Data Spatial Software: Cost and License issues OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE?

Participatory LA (PaLA) Survey Scale & Research Proccess

WATERSHED Village

What, When, Why, How, Who

Spatial Scale
(Village Sketch, transect)

Landscape

Site Past Time (tyear) Future (year)

Temporal Scale

(Time line)

See You Next Week

Hadi Susilo Arifin
Mobile: +81-80-4735-4859 E-mail/YM/FB/Skype: dedhsa@yahoo.com Blog www.hsarifin.staff.ipb.ac.id