EXERCISE-5

1. (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. {a) (b) (c) (d) 5. (a) (b) (c) (d) 6. (a) (b) (c) (d) 7. (a) (b) (c) (d) 8. (a) (b) (c) (d) 9. (a) Research is: A fault activity An activity that helps in development An interesting activity An activity that adds to happiness of the people A researcher should always: Know everything in his area Know about sub-area Wait for an inspiration None of the above Which of the following best sums up the objective of hypothesis? It places clear goals for the researcher It prevents the researcher from undertaking blind research It enables the researcher to draw conclusions. It lays down the rules for undertaking the research One undertakes research for which of the following purpose? To verify what has been established To refute some assumptions To describe a new phenomenon Either of a, b or c Research promises advancement of knowledge but discoveries are rare bee Research is a critical, continuous investigation Researchers are not creative enough to solve problems Sustained effort at research is lacking these days Most people lack the aptitude for research Language is a Instinctive development System of symbols for effective communication Medium to express experiences Medium for self enhancement An individual's ability to learn is Absorbed Acquired Occurring from within Developed Bibliography given in a research report Helps those interested in further research and studying the problem from a angle. Shows the vast knowledge of the researcher Makes the report authentic None of the above The research antagonistic to ex-post facto research is Experimental studies

(b) (c) (d) 10. (a) (b) (c) (d) 11. (a) (b) (c) (d) 12. (a) (b) (c) (d) 13. (a) (b) (c) (d) 14. (a) (b) (c) (d) 15. (a) (b) (c) (d) 16. (a) (b) (c) (d) 17. (a) (b) (c) (d) 18.

Library researches Normative researches all of the above An example of scientific knowledge is Social traditions and customs Authority of the prophet or great men Religious scriptures Laboratory and field experiments The process not needed in experimental researches is Controlling Observation Manipulation and replication Reference collection Research promises advancement of knowledge but discoveries are rare because: Research is a critical, continuous investigation Researchers are not creative enough to solve problems Sustained effort at research is lacking these days Most people lack the aptitude for research In any discipline, theories and observations (related experiment results): Should complement each other more often than not should contradict each other Need not have anything to do with each other should compensate each other If I do not get a satisfactory explanation to certain occurrences. It may not be worth knowing at all It would be better to wait for a person who can explain it It would be better to visit a nearby research institute to get more information I would not be at rest till I get a correct explanation All are example of qualitative variables except Sex Religion and castes Observation Interest of the subject If the sample drawn does not specify any condition about the parameter of the population, it is called Selected statistics Distribution free statistics Census Non of the above Attributes of objects, events of things which can be measured are called Data Qualitative measure Variables None of the above In order to augment the accuracy of the study a researcher

(a) (b) (c) (d) 19. (a) (b) (c) (d) 20. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Should be honest and unbiased Should increase the size of the sample Should kept the variance high all of these Hypothesis cannot be stated in Declarative terms Null and question form terms General terms Directional terms All causes non sampling errors except Faulty tools of measurement Inadequate sample Defect in data collection Non-response

21. (a) (b) (c) (d) 22. (a) (b) (c) (d) 23. (a) (b) (c) (d) 24. (a) (b) (c) (d) 25. (a) (b) (c) (d) 26. (a) (b)

Formulation of hypothesis may not be necessary in Survey studies Fact finding (historical) studio Experimental studies Normative studies Who is regarded the father of scientific social surveys? Best Booth Darwin None of these A good piece of research is a product of: Collective scholarship a good library A penetrating and analytical mind a touch of genius What is statistical inference? Reaching conclusions from a sample Analyzing statistical data Applying statistical methods Developing statistical theories Which of the following is not correct? A belief becomes a scientific truth when Is established experimentally Is arrived logically Is accepted by many people can be replicated The experimental study is based on the law of Single variable Occupation

(c) (d) 27. (a) (b) (c) (d) 28. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (a) (b) (c) (d) 29. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 30. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Replication interest of the subject Fordoing external criticism (for establishing the authenticity of tin a) a rese must verify Signature and handwriting of the author The paper and ink used in that period which is under study Style of prose writing of that period all of the above Survey study aims at Knowing facts about the existing situation Comparing the present status with the standard norms Criticizing the existing situation Identifying the means of improving the existing situation (i) And (ii) only (i), (ii). And (iv) (i), (ii), (iii) And (iv) (ii) And (iii) only Which of the following is not the characteristic of a researcher? He is industrious and persistent on the trial of discovery He is a specialist rather than a generalist He is not inspirational to his chosen field but accepts the reality He is not versatile in his interest and even in his native abilities He is versatile in his interest even in his native abilities He is objective The validity and reliability of a research will be at stake when The incident was reported after a long period of time from that of its occurrence The author who is the source of information is biased, incompetent of dishonest The researcher himself is not competent enough to draw logical conclusions All of the above

31. A researcher wants to study the future of the Congress I in India. For the study which tool is most appropriate for him? (a) Picnics/excursions (b) mock-parliament (c) Celebration of festivals (d) all of the above 32. (a) (b) (c) (d) 33. group. (a) (b) (c) (d) seeing a very big it was reported that JD will win the election, the conclusion was based on Random sampling Cluster sampling Purposive sampling Systematic sampling A researcher divides his population into certain groups and fixes the size of the sample from each It is called Stratified sample Quota sample Cluster sample all of the above

34. (a) (b) (c) (d) 35. (a) (b) (c) (d) 36. (a) (b) (c) (d) 37. (a) (b) (c) 38. (a) (b) (c) (d) 39. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite? Purposive sampling technique Area sampling technique Systematic sampling technique None of the above Which of the following is a non-probability sample? Quota sample Simple random sample Purposive sample (a) and (c) both A researcher selects a probability sample of 100 out of the total population. It is Cluster sample A random sample A systematic sample A stratified sample A good hypothesis should be Formulated in such a way that it can be tested by the data Precise, specific and consistent with most known facts Of limited scope and should not have global significance {d) all o these While writing research report a researcher Must arrange it in logical, topical and chronological order Must not use the numerical figures in numbers in the beginning of sentences Must compare his results with those of the other studies all of the above Which of the following is a primary source of data? Official records - governments documents, information preserved by social religious organization etc. Personal records, letters, diaries, autobiographies, wills, etc. Oral survey of traditions and customs All of the above

40. A farmer considers the age-old method of ploughing better then the latest methods available to him. In arriving at this conclusion, he is being influenced by: (a) Tradition (b) Experience (c) Reason (d) Experimentation 41. Consider the following statement: 'Observations, in themselves, are of little statement.' What is the basis of making such a statement? (a) They are without any purpose (b) They must be related to other facts for generalization (c) They are not systematic and not amenable to scientific interpretation (d) They are meaningful only if collected by a scientist 42. (a) (b) (c) Logic of induction is very close to The logic of sampling The logic of the controlled variable The logic of observation

(d) 43. (a) (b) (c) (d)

none of the above Field study is related to Real life situations Laboratory situations Experimental situations None of the above

44. A researcher divides the populations into PG, graduates and 10+2 students and using the random digit table he selects some of them from each. This is technically called. (a) Settled sampling (b) Stratified random sampling (c) Representative sampling (d) None of these 45. (a) (b) (c) (d) 46. (a) (b) (c) (d) 47. (a) (b) (c) (d) 48. (a) (b) (c) (d) 49. (a) (b) (c) (d) 50. (a) (b) (c) (d) 51. (a) Generalized conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as Statistical inference of external validity of the research Parameter inference Data analysis and interpretation all of the above Validity of a research can be improved by Taking the true representative sample of the population Eliminating extraneous factors % Both the above measures None of these In higher education, research and education are two activities that: Cannot go together Can go only in sequential order Can go together Can go together but at the expense of each other for a proposition to be true, it is necessary that it should have all of the following excepts: It must be objective It must be in tune with accepted beliefs It must be consistent It must be testable Which of the following is not the requirement of a hypothesis? It should: Be based on facts Be conceivable Contradict the knowledge of nature Allow consequences to be deducted from it Which of the following is most reasonable about teaching and research activities? Both are entirely different activities Both cannot be done side by side Both are two aspects of the same coin Both could hinder one another My reaction to the statement: "A good teacher is essentially a good researcher" is that this is: My firm belief

(b) (c) (d)

Difficult to agree to It is an opinion Only a hypothesis

52. The first question that a researcher interested in applying statistical techniques to his problem has to ask is: (a) Whether data could be qualified or quantified (b) Whether appropriate statistical techniques are available (c) Whether analysis of data would be possible (d) Whether worthwhile inferences could be drawn 53. The main difference between an administrator and researcher lies in the fact that: (a) The former is more concerned only with the what of things while the researcher is interested in both the what and why of things. (b) The former approaches problems in a practical manner while the later is purely theoretical (c) The former takes a global view while the later penetrates deep into specific issues (d) The former is more interested in social outcomes while the later in finding out as to why things happen as they do. 54. (a) (b) (c) (d) 55. (a) (b) (c) (d) Which would be acceptable for establishing a fact? Opinion of a large number of people Traditional practice over a lone period of time Availability of observable evidence reference in ancient literature Research aim at: Control of concerned matter Understanding of concerned matter Human welfare with help of concerned matter Prediction of concerned matter

56.`The research supervisors require the following as essential qualities: (a) `Expertise of subject matter (b) `Methodological (c) `Interdisciplinary (d) `Which is true (i) ``Only A (ii) `Only B (III) Both A & B (iv) `All 57. (a) (b) (c) (d) A good research always begins with: An original idea Preparation of plan and design for study Study of relevant research methodology Review of literature

58. In every field research promotes systematic and gradual advancement of knowledg but still discoveries are rare: (a) It requires a continuous critical investigation (b) Experimental work needed for discovery is not easily forthcoming (c) Most people lack depth of knowledge for it (d) Not able to think beyond a point

59. (a) (b) 60. (a) (b) (C) (d) 61. (a) (b) (c) (d) 62. (a) (b) (c) (d) 63. (a) (b) (c) (d) 64. (a) (b) (c) (d) 65. (a) (b) (c) (d) 66. (a) (b) (c) (d) 67. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Sin - qua- non of good research is: Well formulated hypothesis Good research supervisor Which of the following is not a quality of scientific research? Imagination Creativity Objectivity Subjectivity Objectivity in research implies: Correct judgment of truth Finding consistency with reality Research - researcher agreement Methodological sophistication One undertakes research: To verify what has already been established To refute what has already been accepted as a fact To describe and explain a new phenomenon one or more of above The valid base of knowledge lies in: Customs and traditions Authority Scientific enquiry Personal experience Research process and scientific thinking are Unrelated process Process of enquiring new knowledge with different emphasis Synonymous Similar in some situations and dissimilar in others Building up of theory is the aim of: Action research Fundamental research Historical research Applied research Action research has its origin in: Modern human organization & theory System approach to education Logical thinking process Educational technology Random sampling doesn't: Make the sample: representative of population Ensure generalization of result Reduce error and increase precision of experiment Maximum experimental variance

68. (a) (b) (c) (d) 69. (a) (b) (c) (d) 70. (a) (b) (c) (d) 71. (a) (b) (c) (d) 72. (a) (b) (c) (d) 73. (a) (b) (c) (d) 74. (a) (b) (c) (d) 75. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Which one of the variable is not discrete variable? Age Company bonds Place of residence Sex For a proposition to be true, it is necessary that it should have all of the followings: It must be objective It must be consistent It must be testable It must be in tune with accepted beliefs What is not correct? A beliel becomes a scientific truth when it is established experimentally It is arrived at logically It is accepted by many people It can be replicated from the following qualities which are essential for research scientists: Keenness Persistence Faith Logical reasoning What is statistical inference? Reaching conclusion from a sample Analyzing statistical data Applying statistical methods Developing statistical theories Sample is to population as: Large: Small False: True Part: Whole Commerce: Science The process from where one proceeds from some given truth to an unknown truth is: Stating a conclusion Stating a premise Making a judment Making a inference Qualitative research differs from quantitative research as it: Views phenomenon in a holistic manner Uses survey instead of experimentation It is cross sectional in nature It is highly objective

76. (a) (b) (c)

Two variables are correlated: If with the change in one variable other variable also changes Change of variables are in opposite direction. "Two variables are similar in nature

(d) 77. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Two variables are dissimilar The sampling design the purpose of which is to reduce per unit cost: Simple random Cluster Systematic Stratified

(1) b (2) b (16) b (30) d (44) b (58) a (72) a

(3) a (17) c (31) a (45) a (59) d (73) c

(4) d (18) d (32) b (46) c (60) b (74) d

(5) a (19) c (33) b (47) c (61) b (75) b

(6) c (20) b (34) c (48) b (62) d (76) a

ANSWERS (7) c (8) a (9) a (21) b (22) b (23) c (35) d (36) b (37) d (49) a (50) c (51) a (63) c (64) d (65) b (77) b

(10) (24) (38) (52) (66)

d a d a a

(11) (25) (39) (53) (67)

d a c d d

(12) (26) (40) (54) (68)

a a a c a

(13) (27) (41) (55) (69)

a d b c d

(14) (28) (42) (56) (70)

d (15) d b (29) d a (43) a iv (57) d c (71) d