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Bi 1: (Bi ton m)

a. C bn cch phn b 52 sinh vin vo 13 nhm thc tp, mi nhm c 4 ngi nu cc nhm ko dc
nh s.
b. C bn cch sp xp 60 vin bi thnh dy gm 10 bi , 20 xanh, 30 trng?
c. C bn xu nh phn di 10 hoc cha 5 s 1 lin tip hoc cha 5 s 0 lin tip.
d. Gi An l s lng xu nh phn di n ko cha 110 nh l xu con. Xy dng cng thc quy cho
An. Gii CTQ a ra CT di dng hin cho An
e. Gii CT quy:
f(1) = 7;
f(k+1) = f(k) + 2k + 3, k >= 1;
f. Tnh s lng nghim nguyn ca PT x1 + x2 + x3 = 20 tha mn 0 =< x1, x2, x3 =< 9
Bi 2: (Bi ton tn ti)
Hy cho bit trong s cc khng nh sau, khng nh no ng, k no sai. Nu ng hy cm, nu sai
hy a ra phn v d
a. Trong s 27 s nguyn dng l phn bit, mi s u nh hn 100 bao h cng tm dc 2 s c tng =
102
b. Trn mt phng cho n im (n>=3), trong 2 im bt k cch nhau ko qu 1. Khi c ko qu
3n-6 cp im cch nhau ng 1
c. Trong s 5 im bt k trong 1 hnh vung kch thc 2x2 lun tm dc 2 im mh khong cch gia
chng ko vt qu cn bc 2 ca 2
Bi 3: (Bi ton lit k)
a. a ra 3 hon v tip theo hon v (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 7, 6, 4) trong th t t in
b. Cho X = {3, 2, 7, 9, 10} l tp con 5 phn t ca {1, 2, 10}. a ra 3 tp con tip theo X trong
th t t in
c. V cy lit k li gii theo thut ton quay lui a ra tt c cc xu gm 4 k t, mi k t dc ly t
tp {a, b} ko cha 2 ch a lin nhau.
d. M t thut ton quay lui ko quy lit k cc tp con m phn t ca tp N = {1, 2, , n}
Bi 4: (Bi ton ti u)
p dng thut ton nhnh cn gii bi ton ci ti sau:
9x1 + 5x2 + 7x3 + 2x4 -> max
5x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 + 2x4 =< 22
x1, x2, x3, x4 >=0, nguyn
Qu trnh gii theo thut ton trnh by trn cy li gii
---------------- Automerged ---------------Cch gii bi 1:
Cu a, b mnh b qua, ngh l d, t th post cu c ln xem, cu ny nhiu tranh ci y :bs49:
e. (cu ny kh d ^^)
Ta c:
f(k+1) = f(k) + 2k + 3
f(k) = f(k-1) + 2(k-1) + 3
f(k-1) = f(k-2) + 2(k-2) + 3
.......................................
f(2) = f(1) + 2.1 + 3
f(1) = 7
_______________________
f(k+1) = 2(1 + 2 + ... + k) + 3k +7
= k(k+1) + 3k + 7
= (k+1)^2 + 2(k+1) + 4
---> f(k) = k^2 + 2k + 4
f. Ngh mi th nh lm nh th ny, ko c cch no khc T________T HiXxX
Gi x1, x2, x3 l x,y,z cho d type nh.

V x + y + z = 20 mh x, y, z =< 9 --> 2 =< x,y,z =< 9 (t cm)


Nhn thy vi mi cp x,y th ta s c 1 nghim ca pt (v z = 20 - x -y)
z = 20 - x - y
Mh z =< 9
--> x + y >= 11
Vi x = 2 --> y = 9 --> 1 nghim
Vi x = 3 --> y thuc [8, 9] --> 2 nghim
Vi x = 4 --> y thuc [7,9] --> 3 nghim
.................................................. ...........
Vi x = 8 --> y thuc [3, 9] --> 7 nghim
Vi x = 9 --> y thuc [2, 9] --> 8 nghim
==>> S nghim ca pt l 1+2+...+8 = 36
Li gii ca Huyn Anh:
chnh xc th cu 1f theo chun l th ny
x1 + x2 + x3 = 20
0 <= x1, x2, x3 <=9
t t = 9 - x1, u = 9 - x2, v = 9 - x3 => 0<= t, u, v <=9
=> t + u + v = 7
J th lm nh bi ton chia ko,chia ko cho 3 ngi ko nht thit ai cng fi c
kt qu 9C2 = 36

---------------- Automerged ---------------Cch gii bi 2:


a. C tt c 50 s l t 1 n 99. Chia 50 s ny ra lm 24 nhm, mi nhm 2 s c tng l 102, cn d
li 2 s 1 v 51:
(3, 99), (5, 97), (7, 95), ....... (49, 53), (1, 51)
bi cho 27 s nguyn dng l, ly t 25 nhm trn, theo nguyn l Dirchle, chc chn phi c t
nht (27/25) -> 2 nhm trong cc nhm trn c ly => Chc chn phi c 2 s c tng l 102 =>
dpcm
b. V 2 im bt k trong n im ko cch nhau qu 1 -> cc im cho nm trn hoc trong 1 ng
trn ng knh 1.
Khong cch gia 2 im = 1 <=> 2 im l 2 u ng knh ca trn, v t mi im ch c th c 1
on thng ni n 1 im khc c di bng 1 (v qua 1 im trn ng trn ch k dc 1 knh)
--> Gi s cp im cch nhau ng 1 l X -> X =< n/2.
Ta phi cm X =< 3n -6 !!
Ta c:
n/2 =< 3n - 6 <=> n >= 2.4 (t bin i nh ^^)
--> X <= 3n -6
--> dpcm (Thanks 2 L Tn & Trai bao v li gii ^^)
Error:
cu 2b: cng cha xem l ci va ft hin c nh hng j n bi ko nhg c spam t cho vui :bs9:
Thy l "V 2 im bt k trong n im ko cch nhau qu 1 -> cc im cho nm trn hoc trong 1
ng trn ng knh 1." vn cha hn l bao c ht cc im.Nh 3 im to thnh tam jc u c
cc cnh l 1 ,vn tha mn 2 im bt k cch nhau ko qu 1 m ng trn bao quanh n c ng
knh l ~ 1,155 c
L Tn vo xem v th Fix li h ci :bs20:
FIX
Li gii trn l sai, nhng cng c tnh tham kho nn li cho anh ch em xem, v ko b mc li
nh th ^^

Li gii chnh xc th v bun ng lm ri nn cha ngh ra, chung chung li l nh sau:


Cn chng minh X (s cc cp im c di 1) =< n
M n =< 3n - 6 l NG (v n>=3)
--> X =< 3n - 6 (pcm)

Bonus cho ci hnh v bng word, 6 im 6 on thng, tt c u bng 1 =))


63

c. Chia hnh vung 2x2 thnh 4 hnh vung nh 1x1. Theo nguyn l Dirichle, 5 im thuc hnh vung
2x2 -> c t nht 2 im phi cng thuc 1 hnh vung 1x1. Mh trong hnh vung 1x1, khong cch ln
nht gia 2 im l cn 2 (ng cho)
--> 2 im c k/c =< cn 2
--> dpcm

Bi 3
a. 3 hon v tip
(1, 2, 3, 6, 4, 5,
(1, 2, 3, 6, 4, 5,
(1, 2, 3, 6, 4, 7,

theo hon v (1,2,3,5,8,7,6,4) l:


7, 8)
8, 7)
5, 8)

b. 3 tp con tip theo ca X:


{3, 2, 8, 9, 10}
{4, 2, 5, 6, 7}
{4, 2, 5, 6, 8}
TIPS: Nn chuyn bi thnh {2,3,7,9,10}, vit cc tp con ri i li cho nhm ^^

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