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Diagnostic Topic Tests: HSC Biology

Test 7: Option - Communication


Total 36 marks (Suggested time 50 minutes)

Directions to students
Answer all questions. The marks for each question are indicated.

Marks

(a)

The diagram below shows a vertical section through the eye of a human with normal vision.
C

(i)

State the letter on the diagram that correctly identifies each of the following structures.
1

aqueous humour

(ii)

(iii)

2 ciliary body 3 conjunctiva State the function of the choroid (labelled J on the diagram). Explain how the picture of the eye shown in the diagram would differ 1 when the eye was focussed on a distant object. 2 in a person with hyperopia. 3 in a person with advanced cataracts.
Describe two points of difference distinguishing the structure of the human eye and the structure of a compound eye of an insect such as a bee.

(iv)

Diagnostic Topic Tests are issued by NEAP to individual schools and may be photocopied for the use of students of that school only. They may not be placed on the school intranet or otherwise reproduced or distributed. OW302401 PO Box 214 St Leonards NSW 2065 Tel: (02) 9438 1386 Fax: (02) 9438 1385 Copyright O 2001 NEAPAc.N

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HSC Biology Diagnostic Topic Test Test 7: Option - Communication

Marks

(v) (vi)

Contrast the visual acuity of humans and bees. Identify the region of the human retina with greatest visual acuity. Justify your choice by explaining how this greatest acuity is achieved. Outline the mechanism by which photoreception occurs in rod cells and their associated neurons. Compare the 'colours' of light able to be detected by rods and cones.

(b)

(i) (ii)

(c)

Amongst primates some groups have 'nocturnal' eyes and others (apes and monkeys) have colour vision. Nocturnal vision requires, among other things, the development of a taperurn, a reflective layer behind the retina which produces 'eye-shine' when the animal is caught in a beam of light at night. (i) (ii) (iii) Evaluate the advantage of the tapetum for a nocturnal animal. Describe one other adaptation of the eyes of nocturnal animals. Many monkeys have brightly coloured patches on their bodies; for example, male Guenons have bright red genitals. Clarify the selective advantage of bright colouration in apes and monkeys. The eyes of most primates face forward so the two visual fields overlap (see diagram below). left visual field

1 1 1

(iv)

. .. /
\

,,
. ,

right visual field

I.:
'. .

.._._/'

Demonstrate how this results in accurate depth perception. (d) The following pedigree diagram shows the inheritance of red-green colour blindness in a human family.
2

Male with colour blindness

Explain how the characteristic is passed from individual 1 to individual 7 without appearing in individual 5.

Copyright @2001 NEAP

DllNBIH7Ol.FM

HSC Biology Diagnostic Topic Test Test 7: Option Communication

arks
(e) The vocal cords of the larynx are able to produce vibrations of different frequency. These vibrations are detected by the Organ of Corti and interpreted by the brain as sounds of different pitch. Using separate diagrams explain: (i) (ii) (f) how the vocal cords produce both high frequency and low frequency vibrations. how the Organ of Corti responds differently to high pitch and low pitch sounds.

3
4

Compare the sensory devices used by insects and fish to detect vibrations with respect to: (i) (ii) (iii) location. structure of the device. medium that carries the vibration. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a typical motor neuron. The figure below shows a simple diagram of the external view of a human brain, as seen from the left side.
1 1

1 2%

(g)

(i) (ii)

Copy this diagram and mark on it the approximate location of the following areas:
1 2

the primary visual cortex. the auditory cortex. Broca's area (concerned with speech generation and output).

Copyright @ 2001 NEAP

D~B(H~I.FM

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