GREGG SHORTHAND

A LIGHT-LINE
PHONOGRAPHY for
the

MILLION

By
John Robert Gregg

New

and

Revised Edition

cIFe

Gregg cRifising Companv

CHICAGO
BOSTON SAN FRANCISCO

NEW YORK

LONDON

Copyright, 1893, By John R. Gregg Copyright, 1901, By John R. Gregg Copyright, 1916, By The Gregg Publishing Company
Copyrighted in the United Stales of America Great Britain and Ireland, France

Germany, Italy

and

Spain

I53-F-100

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CONTENTS
PAGE

Preface

......

v;j

About Gregg Shorthand A Talk

with the of

...

;x
xm
xvi

Beginner Gregg Shorthand

-

The Alphabet

...

First Lesson Consonants: K, G, R, L, N, M, T, Vowels: The Circles Rules for Joining Circles General Exercise Simple Word-Signs ; Phrase- Writing
-

D, H
-

...

Punctuation,
Second Lesson

etc.

Reading and Writing

Exercises

1 2 3 4 6 7

The Downward Characters: P, B, F, V, Ch, Rule for Joining Circles to Oblique Curves Rule for Placing First Consonant General Exercise Word-Signs and Phrases Reading and Writing Exercises
-

J, Sh
-

8 9 9 10 12 13

Third Lesson

TheO-Hook General Exercise Rule for Joining O-Hook General Exercise Word-Signs and Phrases Reading and Writing Exercises
-

14 14 16 16 17 18

Fourth Lesson The OO-Hook General Exercise Rule for Joining OO-Hook Review Exercise on Both Hooks WandY General Exercise
-

19 19 20 21 21

--

--

--23

iv
Word-Signs
and

CONTENTS
PAGE

Reading
Fifth Lesson

and

Phrases Writing Exercises

-

24 25

Consonants: S and Th Rules for Joining S and Th Z and Th (as in breathe) and X Explained The Combinations Ng and Nk Simple Prefixes and Suffixes General Exercise Word-Signs and Phrases Reading and Writing Exercises
-

26 26 28 29 29 30 32 33

Sixth Lesson
Diphthongs: u, ow, oi, i General Exercise Vowel Combinations Word-Signs and Phrases Reading and Writing Exercises
-

34 34 36 37 38

Seventh Lesson
Blended Consonants
-

Ten, den; tern, dem;

General Exercise General Exercise

ent, end; emt,

-

emd

Def, dev, five; jent, jend, pent,

-

pend

Men,

mem;

ted, ded, del; ses;

-

xcs

General Exercise

39 39 40 41 41 42 42
43
-

Word-Signs and Phrases Reading Exercise Writing Exercise Eighth Lesson Rules for Expressing R General Exercise Rules for the Omission of R Word-Signs Reading Exercise
-

44 45

Writing Exercise
Ninth Lesson Review Exercise on Word-Signs List of Additional Word-Signs Reading Exercise Writing Exercise
-

46 47 49 50 50 51

...

52 54 57

....

53

CONTENTS

Tenth Lesson
Compound Words
-

page

Derivatives,

etc.
...

.....

General Exercise The Abbreviating Principle Exercise on Abbreviating Principle Days and Months
-

Figures, etc. Reading Exercise

-

Writing

Exercise

59 60 61 62 64 66 67 68 69

Eleventh Lesson

Phrase-Writing
General Exercise Word Modifications Omission of Words General Exercise Special Business Phrases Reading Exercise Writing Exercise
-

70 71
72 75 76 78 78 79

Twelfth Lesson Omission of Vowels General Principles Omission of Consonants General Exercise Reading and Writing Exercises
-

80
-

82 83 84 87

Thirteenth Lesson

Joined Prefixes General Exercise Compound Joined Prefixes Prefixal Abbreviations Reading and Writing Exercises
-

...

88 90 93 94 95

Fourteenth Lesson

The General Exercise Compound Disjoined Prefixes Derivatives of Words Ending in Reading Exercise Writing Exercise
-

"TrTrinciple"

"ct"
-

--

...

96 97 99 100 100 101

Vl

CONTENTS

Fifteenth Lesson
Disjoined Prefixes General Exercise Compound Disjoined Prefixes Reading Exercise Writing Exercise
-

page
.....

.....

....

...

102 104 106 107 108 109 111 114 115 116

Sixteenth Lesson Joined Suffixes General Exercise Compound Joined Suffixes Reading Exercise Writing Exercise
-

Seventeenth Lesson
Disjoined Suffixes General Exercise Reading Exercise Writing Exercise Eighteenth Lesson Disjoined Suffixes General Exercise Reading Exercise Writing Exercise
Ninetf.enth Lesson
continued

117 119 121 122

123 126 128 129

Advanced Phrase-Writing Omission of Words Intersection "ing" Indication of Modification of Word Forms Reading Exercise Writing Exercise
-

130 130 131 132 133 137 138

139 140 141 143 144 147 148 149 153

Twentieth Lesson

Initials States and Territories Principal Cities Points of the Compass, General Rules Reading Exercise Writing Exercise
Supplementary

.....

etc
-

A Short Vocabulary Shorthand as a Means

of

Mental Culture

PREFACE
In the Preface to the first
I
said:

edition

of

this system,

The
capacity
enough

endeavor

of

the

author

has been

to compile a

system so simple as and

be readily acquired by the humblest those possessed of little leisure, and yet rapid
to

to reproduce verbatim the

fastest
asks

oratory.

In
con-

presenting his work to the public he beyond an impartial investigation, and

for nothing

with perfect

fidence

awaits

the

result.

The

subsequent

history

of

the

system

has justified

the confidence expressed at that time.

Gregg Short

hand has demonstrated its superiority to the older sys tems in simplicity, legibility and and there are to-day nearly a million writers of the system. In be ginning the preparation of this edition it was my inten tion to make some radical changes in the manner of
speed

presenting the principles; but in proceeding

revision

with

the

was

forced to the

conclusion

that

it

would

be
of

a mistake

to

and

form
be

of

the previous

depart materially from the general plan edition. No better evidence

success of

the popularity and

given

the previous edition

although

could

than the fact

that,

nearly

it have been sold, there, has been very little demand revision except requests for the in clusion of those changes and improvements that have been made in the course of the past few years.
million copies of
,for

viii

PREFACE

This edition, then,

of

retains

the

general plan and

form
con

the previous edition,

but

much of

the

material

tained

in it is

arranged

in

more

logical sequence,
care,

and the

illustrations

are chosen with greater

with a view

to

developing
principles.

quickness

in the

application of

its

rules and some of

An
more

attempt

has been
was

made

to state

the rules
and

clearly than

done in the

old

book,

to put them into language better

adapted

to the

comprehension of

young

students.

In the
necessary
sions of all of

system

itself few

changes

have been found

or

desirable. in

Some

new word-signs and exten

advanced principles
are

these

harmony
All

with

have been introduced, but the fundamental prin

have been
subjected

ciples of

the

system.

of

them

to very

careful

trial

in

practical

work

before they have

been

adopted.

In sending forth this book I desire to express my heartfelt appreciation of the suggestions that have come
to
me

from writers, from

using the
of
suggestions

reporters and

from teachers
of

who

are

system

in

all

parts

the

world.

These
the

have been

of

great service
of

to

me

in

preparation

this presentation

the system.

JOHN ROBERT GREGG.

New

York, June 17, 1916.

About Gregg Shorthand

History. Gregg Shorthand was first published in 1888, in two little paper-covered pamphlets, under the title, "Light-Line Five years later, a revised and greatly improved It was edition was published under the title, "Gregg
Phonography."

Shorthand."

not

until

1897, however,

that the

author

was

able

to

publish

the

system

in book form.
student or writer of

To the teresting
of
since

shorthand, there are

few

more

in

or

inspiring

stories of success

than the story of the career

Shorthand in the twenty-seven years that have elapsed in book form ; but a textbook is not a place for such a story. Today Gregg Shorthand is the standard system of America. It has been adopted exclusively in the public schools

Gregg
its

publication

of

4633

cities and

towns

more

than ninety-two

per

cent

of

the

public schools

that teach shorthand.

It has

superseded

the

older

systems, in the large majority of these cases, by formal action of the Boards of Education after careful investigation of the merit
of

highest has ever received. Wins World Championship Three Times. The history of Gregg Shorthand is a record of public triumphs. In the 1921 World's Championship Contest of the National Shorthand Re Association, Mr. Albert Schneider * won first place, de feated three former champions, and established two world's records. He transcribed the 215-words-a-minute literary dictation with a net speed of 211.2 words a minute; accuracy, 98.32%. On the 200-words-a-minute dictation his accuracy percentage was 98.80; on the 240-words-a-minute dictation, 98.17; on the 280-words-a-minute dictation, 96.84. In transcribing five five-minute highest speed dictations 175, 200, 215, 240, and 280 words a minute in the time allotted for the three championship dictations, Mr. Schneider gave the most re markable demonstration of his transcribing ability in the history
constitutes

Its leadership in the system. institutions is equally pronounced.

all

other

kinds

of

educational

This

the

educational endorsement a shorthand

system

porters'

of of

the shorthand contests,

and proved again

the

wonderful

legibility
reporting

Gregg Shorthand.
*Mr.
of

staff

the

examination

Schneider is now a member of the official Congress of the United States, winning in which thirty-five well-known repot ters

shorthand

the

position

in

an

competed.

ABOUT

GREGG

SHORTHAND

Writers of Gregg Shorthand won first, second, and third places in the World's Championship Contest of the National Shorthand Reporters' Association in 1923. Mr. Charles L. Swem,* winner,
established a world's record on

the 200-words-a-minute

dictation,

making but two errors; accuracy, 99.79%.

minute

On the

240-words-a-

dictation, his
.

accuracy

was

99.36 %

Second

place was won

98.49% ; on the 280 dictation, by Mr. Albert Schneider, a Gregg

His average accuracy was 98.80%. writer, the 1921 champion. Third place was won by a seventeen-year-old Gregg writer, Mr. Martin Dupraw, with an accuracy of 98.76%. First place in ac curacy in every dictation was won by a writer of Gregg Shorthand.
In the 1924 World's victor,

defeating,
Third
on

among others,
of

Court

stenographer

pionships.

place

Championship, Mr. Swem was again the Mr. Nathan Behrin, Supreme New York City, winner of many cham Mr. Swem's was won by Mr. Dupraw.
was

accuracy

the three

dictations

99.23%.

that has produced two different writers to win the world championship in the contests of Reporters' the National Shorthand Association.

Gregg Shorthand is

the only

system

Wins New York State Shorthand Championship. In the Reporters' the New York State Shorthand Association, December, 1924, Mr. Martin J. Dupraw won first place and the Bottome Cup ; Mr. Nathan Behrin, Supreme Court reporter, New York City, second ; and Mr. Harvey Forbes, Supreme Court re Mr. Dupraw made twelve porter, Buffalo, New York, third. errors in transcribing the five-minute dictations at 200 and 280 minute ; average accuracy, 99.5 % words a Mr. Behrin made twenty-eight errors; average accuracy, 98.8%. Awarded Medal of Honor at Panama-Pacific Exposition. At the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, in 1915, Gregg Shorthand was awarded the Medal of Honor, the highest award
contest of
.

in

and

*Governor Woodrow Wilson selected Mr. Swem as his official reporter Mr. Swem was Personal Secretary his campaign for the Presidency. Mr. Swem Official Reporter to President Wilson for eight years. began the study of Gregg Shorthand in a night school in September, 1908,
when

He was twenty years of age when he working as an office boy. In the 1924 examination the appointment at the White House. for the position of Supreme Court stenographer in the State of New York, Mr. Swem won first place in a field of 150 candidates.
'

received

ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND

ever granted a system of shorthand
award ever granted which was

xi

by

any Exposition
on

and

the only

based

the

results accomplished

by
the

students

in

a model school conducted under

the

observation of

International Jury
Principles
of the

of

Awards.
Needless to say,

System.

Gregg Shorthand

departure from the old lines of shorthand construction, for it is only by a. radical departure that such marked superiority in results can be accomplished. is
a radical

The
the

following synopsis will enable leading features of the system :

Compulsory Thickening.
or

the

reader

to understand

(1) No
either

May be
Longhand,
thus

light

heavy.
on the

(2) Written
securing

Slope

of

a uniform manual movement.

As

in

(3) (4)
follow

Position Writing Abolished.

paper,
and

May be

written

ordinary writing

on unruled

in

one straight

line.

Vowels
each other

and

Consonants

Are

Joined,

and

in their

natural order.

(S) Angles Are Rare.

This brief has been to
writing.

Curves

predominate.

synopsis will suffice to show

that the

aim of

the

author

adhere

to those

natural principles which govern

ordinary

By

a practical combination of

these

elements as a

founda
that

tion,

the

system secures

to the writer, with very little

which

practice,

perfect command of

the characters
obtained

is

productive of

the best

results,
practice

and

is only

by

years

of

persistent, painstaking

if the

old geometric systems are employed.

TO SUM UP:
Easy
One-third

to

Learn.
one-half

Gregg
writers

to

the time

Shorthand may be learned in from required by the old systems. The

prove

records

made

by its

this

beyond

all

question.

Easy

to

Read.

Gregg Shorthand is
In
the

the most

legible

short

hand in

existence.

public shorthand speed

contests,

writers

Xll

ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND

of

the

system

have

established
on

the highest official world's

matter.

records

for accuracy of transcripts were made in competition

older

solid, difficult

These

records

with experienced reporters who used

the

systems, and in contests

systems.

conducted

by

reporters and

teachers
will

who wrote such

(Full

particulars of

these contests the

be

sent

by the

publishers on

application.)

Manifestly,

insertion
position-

of the vowels, the absence of shading, the elimination of writing and the elimination of the minute distinctions of form sary in the old systems, all contribute to legibility.

neces

Easy in

to

Write.

The easy,
appeals

natural appearance

of

the writing

Gregg

Shorthand
of

to every impartial
and

investigator.

The

absence

heavy characters, the continuous run of the writing along one line, as in longhand, instead now on the line, then above the of constant changes of position line, and then, perhaps, through or below the line will be noticed at a first glance. Next, the investigator will probably attribute
much of

distinctions between light

the natural, pleasing appearance

slant of

of

the writing to that

and eye are

uniform

the writing,

with

which

both hand

Only those who have had previous experience with short hand, however, will be able to appreciate fully how much elimination
familiar.
of numerous
with

dots

and

dashes

minute marks that

have

to

be
to

placed

great

precision

alongside

the

strokes

contributes

easy,

continuous, effortless writing.

Superior in Speed Possibilities. Writers of Gregg Short hand have demonstrated in public speed contests, under the most

trying
of

conditions, that the

other system.

system

has

greater

speed

possibilities

than any

A boy
268

of nineteen

Gregg Shorthand

in

a night school
words

(who began the study less than four years previously)

minute net

established

a record

of

for five minutes,

of seven

defeating three former champions and eighteen other experienced and

capable reporters.

The
all can

contest
of whom

committee
were

consisted

shorthand

reporters,

writers of other

systems.

When
can

a mere

boy

do this,
of

after such a

brief experience, there

be

no question

that this

system of shorthand possesses greater

speed possibilities

than any

the

older systems.

A TALK WITH THE BEGINNER

Success in any study depends
that
particular subject

largely

upon

the

interest

taken

in
we

by

the student.

This

being

the case,

earnestly hope that

you will realize at

the very outset that

study.

short a

hand

love it as the highest form of writing, which is itself the greatest invention of man. Be proud that you can record the language in graceful lines and curves. Aim constantly to acquire artistic skill in executing those lines and curves. You can, if you will, make the study of shorthand a perfect joy instead of a task. Its possession has been coveted by the wisest of men and women, for it is not only a practical instrument in commercial work, but a
can made an of

be

intensely fascinating

Cultivate

for it.

Think

much prized and valuable accomplishment and a means of mental

culture.

Be Thorough.
therefore

Skill in anything is

attained

by

repetition; the ele

do

not shirk the given

mentary forms

careful, painstaking in the Manual. Write

practice on
each

outline

many

times,

and

aim always at

the attainment of ease and exactness in

execution.

Your future
you

success

depends to

very large

extent on the

way

do

your work now. master each

and

rapid,

In order that your progress may be sure lesson before you proceed with the next.

slowly and carefully; aim at accuracy rather than speed, but do not draw the characters. You must understand
write at

At

first,

the outset that

shorthand

must

be written; but

you

must also

impress

upon your mind

that

whatever you

write you must

read,

hence the necessity for good penmanship. As skill in executing the movements is obtained, the speed may be increased until the forms
are a written rapidly.

Some

attention should outlines

be

given

to

acquiring

capacity for writing individual

and with a

rapidly

without

hesitation,
Aim to
to the

free

movement of style of

the

hand.
each char

acquire a smooth

writing; execute

acter with an
next

easy,

continuous motion of the

pen,

and pass

without

unnecessary

movements.

directly halting, jerky

movement

is fatal

to speed, and may

be

almost always traced to

xiv

A TALK WITH THE BEGINNER

caused

indecision,
fully
you

by

unfamiliarity

with

the forms.
of

At first

care

analyze the words.

To do this it
and

is,

course, necessary for

to think of them

in detail ; but
it

after you

have determined the

the
stock

correct

outline,

practice

think of

Facility

in the

use of shorthand
at
your

it as a whole. depends largely upon

command.
master all

of outlines you

have

ready

Note the
the

use of

that word ready.

given

This

means

that you should

forms
not

in the Manual

by

writing them many times.

This

will

only impress the forms

them.
word

on your mind so that you will not

will give you

have

any hesitation in recalling them, but

facility in writing
how to
write a

In

shorthand

it is

not

sufficient

to know

you must not

quickly.

only know the form but be able to write it Hence the necessity for much repetition practice in writing
to the
words given

the forms.

If, in
to

addition

in the Manual,
will

you can add

same prin

your stock of outlines other words written under

the

ciples you will

have

gained a great

deal

have laid

broader
required

foundation for

advanced work which will

lessen the time

to attain efficiency.

Devote Much Time

'

to

Reading Well-Written Shorthand.

not

By doing
in
your

this

you will

become

only

fluent reader, but forms

much

you

will enlarge your

writing vocabulary.

Unconsciously you will imitate

of

own work

the easy execution

expert writers

the

shown

in

the

printed plates.

All

have devoted
in this
given

time to read

ing

shorthand.

In

addition

to the
use

work

outlined

Manual,
each

we

strongly

recommend
Learners'

the

of

the
the

exercises

month

in the
can

Department
with

of

Gregg

Writer.

These

exercises

be

used

great

advantage

from the very first lesson.

exercises

Each

number contains

many helpful suggestions,

afford valuable

and a number of short

hand for

pages

that

in reading

and

writing

students at all stages of advancement.

Don't Get Discouraged.

and

The

complete

mastery

of shorthand

typewriting is worthy
earnestly to that

of your

yourself

work

best efforts, and if you devote there can be no such thing as failure

The Alphabet

of

Gregg

Shorthand

Consonants
Written forward:

KG

RL

NM

TD

TH

Written downward:

P
(^

B^
(

CH

SH /

J
H

/
NG

/corS
NK

Vowels
A-group
Short
Medium
a a
" "

O-group
calm came

as
"

1a cat
"

O O
o

Short Medium

o
aw

as
"

in hot
"
"

audit o
"

Long

Long

ode^

E-group
Short Medium
/
e
"

OO-gfoup
o

as
"

in din
"

Short
Medium

as
"

in
"

tuck took

n n

den
dean

6b
oo

Long

"

Long

"

"

doom

Diphthongs
Composed
of

Composed
or

u ew

e-ob
a-oo

as
"

in
"

unit
owl

oi

aw-e

as
"

in
"

oil

t?

d-i

isle

cS>

FIRST LESSON

1. Shorthand is
am

written

by

sound; thus

aim

is

written ne.

(long

sound of

a)

cat

is

written

hat, knee is written

Consonants

2. The
given

alphabet

should

be
will

mastered

in sections,
that the

as

in these lessons.

It

be

noticed

con

sonants are arranged

of

sound, and

are

distinguished

in pairs, according to their affinity by a difference in length.

to

There is
acters,

no absolute standard as

length,
habits

as

the char

being

founded

on

ordinary writing, vary in size,

personal of

slant, etc., according to the

the

writer.

The

size of

the

characters given adopt.

in this

manual will

be

safe standard nants

to

The

characters

for the

conso

in this lesson

are

derived from

an elliptical

figure,

thus:

KGRLN

MTDH

Note: All these

struck upwards

characters are written

of writing.

forward from left to

given

right,

and

T, D
gay,

from the line

The G
and

in this lesson is
the vowel.

called

being

the hard sound as in game, get,

not

the soft sound heard in gem,

magic.

The

aspirate

H is indicated by

dot he

placed over can write

The

student

should practice all

these characters

until

them without the slightest

hesitation.

GREGG SHORTHAND

Vowels

3. In writing by
which related we

sound

there

are

twelve

distinct vowels,

are

arranged

sounds

are

in four groups, and three closely In this lesson placed in each group.
which
"E"

have

the

first two groups,

group
and of

for

convenience are

"A"

named

the

the
as

group.

4. The
pressed

short sound

a,

by

the

large circle; the

heard in cat, ran, is ex medium sound, as heard

in calm, ark, is expressed by the large circle with a dot beneath the circle; the long sound, as heard in ate, may, is expressed by the large circle with a dash beneath the
circle.
a

as

in

mat

mat

<p
O

as

in in

calm

kirn
gat

^3

as

gate

yf

5. The

short sound of

i,

as

heard in din,

rid

(not the

i, heard in dine, ride), is expressed by the long small circle; the sound of e, as heard in get, net, is ex pressed by the small circle with a dot beneath the circle;
sound of

the the

long
i
e

sound of

e,

as

small

circle with a

heard in me, eat, is expressed dash beneath the circle.

knit
net nit

by

"

as

in in in

as

net

as

neat

net

Note: The dot

unfamiliar or

and

dash

are useful

to indicate the exact vowel

sounds

is

in isolated words, but

otherwise

they

are seldom used.

FIRST LESSON

Rules

for

Joining Circles
the

6. The

circle

is

written on

inside of curves,

and on

the outside

of angles.
Inside Curves

e.ce

ek

era

era

_?

key
ale

kg
al

rat

rat

take

a.

Outside Angles
team

tern

rail

al

meet

met

gain

a. n

7. Before
straight

or

after

straight

lines,

or

between

two

lines running in the same direction, the circle is written forward as the hands of a clock move.
Before
aim a m
o

After
me
me

hat

hat

if

day
Between

da

S?

mean

men

~-

deed

ded

8. Between two
the

reverse curves

the

circle

is turned

on

back

of

the

first

curve.

kill
wreck

kil
r e

gear

e r

lake

GREGG SHORTHAND

Method of Practice

9. The following list

In

of words should now

be

copied.

doing

this, he

particular attention must word.

be
will

paid to repeat

the the

sounds sounds

of as

each

If the

student will at

writes

the word, it

help
the

to impress
same

the forms

upon

his memory

and

time

familiarize him

with

the process of

note-taking.

General Exercise
knee
n e
=.

tact

kt

keen
kick
ache

ken
kI k
a

.-a

tray
train

r a

j,

r a n

k k k
r

>

treat

tret

acre

c?~^

nail

n a

1
1

acme

m e

^r-.

tale

t a

neck

nek

_?

lay
deem
rim

cake

-^2r~i

den
r l ra

ark

ark

eat

<f

reed

'red
arid

kit
hit

kit

^-y

arid

hit had

rainy

rani

had

& cS

hack

jn

FIRST
eddy
writ e

d i

il

rit

hit
m 1

came

ka

creed

kred
krem
m e r 1

t i k

cream

tiki

merry

tiket
t

lane

Ian 1
a. m

ri

lamb

dek
deacon

lady
rack

ladi
r a

d
d

k k

k d i

decay

ready
maim

r e

mam

grim

grim

rally
get

rail

get

rig

rig

linen drama
rag

linen drama
rag

lick

lik

GREGG SHORTHAND

Simple

Word-Signs
of
all

10. A large language is

words given

proportion

written

and

spoken such

made

up

of a

few

simple words.

For

brief forms

called word-signs are provided.

Those

here

should

be

memorized

immediately:
he I
O

in,
am

not

more

at, it

a,

an

(dot)
^~

would

'

the

(th)
up

Phrase- Writing

11. The

joining of simple words is a great help

to

speed

In writing shorthand, but it is a difficult art to acquire if its acquirement be deferred until the habit has been
formed
of

writing

common words separate^.

The

stu

dent should, therefore, very beginning of his

simple phrases

practice
study.

it

diligently
such

from the
the

For

practice

here

given will serve as models :

in I I

the

I
<?--

would

gf

it
I

will not

can

am

can not

will

at

the

;n
-~

our

would not /

it

will

can

the

FIRST LESSON

Punctuation, Etc. 12. The

graph

period the

is

expressed

by

-^,

the end of a para

by>,

dashes

struck

dash by=, the hyphen by ? (two short upward), and the interrogation by x
.

Capitals and proper names may be indicated by two short dashes under the outline. The parentheses may be
expressed

by

the

ordinary

marks

with

short

dashes
are

through
written

them-^^r"-

Other

punctuation

marks

in

the usual way.

Reading Exercise

Writing Exercise
1. Ellen 3. The

Terry

read

the drama

well.

2. Helen Keller

can read in- the

dark.

rain will make

the

day dreary.

4. The enemy may make an attack in-the rear. 5. The League team will meet at-the Arena.

SECOND LESSON

The Downward Characters

13. The
are

characters

for

the consonants

in this lesson
thus

derived from

another elliptical

figure;

CH

SH

r
not

r
and

J
called

J
ish,
not es-ailch.

/
downwards.
SH is

/
CH is
a mere

/
pronounced chay.

Notes: All these

see-ailch;

characters are written

SH is

tick.

The following memory

aids will

be helpful:

14. In the writing is desirable in

other order characters. not

of

F, V,

a rather vertical curve

inclination
with

that the

may join easily

In

forming

the combinations

fr, fl,

it is

just

the

same as

The motion is necessary to make an angle. in writing a part of Y in longhand; thus

fig
vain

fig
van

J-

fail

SECOND LESSON
I

9
\
t

15. The

circle

may

assume the

form

of a

loop

where

more convenient.

dash fame

dash f
a m

y
^

cheat

ch e

/
-r

lap

16. Between
and a

an oblique curve

such

as

P, B,F,V
the
outside.

straight

line,

the circle

is

placed on

palm

a m

c/

Dave knave

a v

beat

bet

J-

n a v

17. The base

the

of

the

first

consonant of a word rests on

line

of writing.

map
cave

map k
a
v

fetch
--a

e ch

V
jf

chief

ch e

18. The
the
rules

for

following words illustrate the application joining circles to the consonants given
/
cr~

of

in

this lesson: Inside Curves (Par. 6). Outside A ngles (Par. 6).
.

^J

if

~s

-^

.,

.^

<yf

Joined to Straight Lines (Par. 7).

Between Reverse Curves (Par. 8).

Between Oblique Curves

and

Straight Lines (Par. 16).

<?

jy

10

GREGG SL10RTHAND

!
edge
..

General Exercise

erj
abl

/
cZ
^
?

i'g
apple

ig

A
(^

able

apl

fear

f
b

er

peal

pel

C-^
1
,C-

beer
fish

e r

appeal

fish fed
'

?
j^

cheap chap

ch e

/
^

feed
play
cheek

chap

p 1

c^?
k

beak back beam

bek

ch e

bak b
e m

reap peep

rep
pep

balm

bam
ch a n

Jap
nap
cab

ap

/
r

chain

nap

catch

a ch

1
/

kab
p p
e ch

shake

sh a

peach

f
Vj

shame

sham

preach

r e ch

bread

bred

^>

tab

tab

bridge
shave

r l

gem

jem
p a 1
sheri
.L*

sh a v

pale

fray
feel

fra
f
el

4
r^--

sherry

SECOND

12

gregg shorthand

Word-Signs and Phrases

put

let, letter
little
market, Mr.

be, but, by been, bound before, behalf belief, believe

for

reply
represent

teach

form, from
have
change,
which

check

for the

/
/

I have I have in
not

shall, ship
about

2
7
7

which

after

shall

ever-y any
name

I
I

shall not

shall

have

from the
would

give-n

be
T'

gave

in reply
please

please

ship

Note:

The

rule given

in Par. 17

applies

to phrases.

SECOND

LESSOJN

13

Reading Exercise

..

Writing Exercise
The maid will-be at-the market every day. Phoebe Cary will teach her French. The team will-be ready for-the match game.
came back from-the navy after he had achieved fame. The range in-the kitchen will bake good bread. Jennie will-have the meal ready in about an hour. Please pay for-the ticket in cash for I-can-not take a check.

Henry

THIRD LESSON

The O-Hook

19. The lower

the o-hook)

part of

the elliptical

figure

-t9~o

(called

represents

the
a

short sound of

o, as heard in
expresses the

hot, top;
sound of

the hook aw,

as

with

dot beneath it
sound of as

in awe, law; the hook

the
as in

with a short

dash
no.

beneath it

expresses

long
rot

o,

in owe,

rot

aw

as rn

raw

r aw

as

in

wrote

rot

General Exercise
hot
ought

hot
aw t

Shaw
shawl

sh aw

<

sh aw

taught

t aw t

show

sh o

odd

6 d
nod

shoal

sh o

nod

toad

tod

Maud
made

m aw

foe

f f

mod

foam
14

o m

THIRD

LESSON
aw

15
p p

(oaf
cope

1
k

of

paw

pawn

aw n

cC

'

coach

o ch

jaw
dodge

aw

rod

rod

d 6 1 6
t

j
j
k
d

blow botch

bio
b 6
ch

lodge
talk

aw

hobby
fraud
wrought

h6 b

broad

r aw

r aw

dough

d 5

r aw

Jove
obey

j
o

o v

dot
ball

dot b
aw

hope

h 5 p

hog
blot
rogue

hog
blot
rog
p i 1 5
sh a

fop
chop

fop
ch

6 p

Paul

p p

aw

pillow

c^
o

pole

shallow

beau
arrow

bo
a r o

elbow

elbo

rope

r o

John bone
motto

polo

polo

b 5
m

bore

b5

6 t

16

GREGG SHORTHAND

20. The O-hook is

except
when

placed on

its

side

before N, M, R, L,
character, as

preceded

by

downward

in bore, bone, pole, foam, John.

hall
h
aw

.<=

dome
Nome

''

o m

n o m

*-

General Exercise
nor
n aw r
*=

home
flown knoll drawn

h 6 f 1
o n

orb

aw r

own

o n

n o

whole

hoi h 6 1
o

r aw n

hollow
aroma

blown
tone

b 1

o n

aroma

ton

core

k 5
n

atone

t 6

known
roam

6 6

door
adore

dor
a

d 5
n

roll

6 1
m

loan
alone

1 5
a

comb

k 5

o n

coal

k 6 1
omit

mole

m o

omit

dawn

aw n

THIRD LESSON
1 1
n
-"

17
h 5 1
l

goal

g
t

^
''

"

holy
Nora Cora

tall

aw

n o r a

brawny

r aw

o r a

Word-Signs and Phrases

*-

all

told

-'

beyond

very
of

body
call

the

of all

--2)

of which

company,

keep

^p

of our

fall, fellow far,

favor

in favor in
on
our

favor

friend-ly
glad

the

on our

judge
most

on which

7
the

on which

of

in
publish

regard

public,
real,

I told
on

regard

behalf

18

GREGG SHORTHAND

Reading Exercise

?*

<d.

Writing Exercise
1. The team
will

haul the

2. Judge Lodge
in-our-favor.

would-not

heavy load of coal. keep the letter from-the

will

public.

3. He will-pay for-the lot if Mr. Cone

take a check

drawn

4. I-can-not very well follow the form given in-the letter. 5. After the ball game Laura came home in-the launch. 6. The good ship Jane dashed on a. rock, but all the
reached

people

the shore.

FOURTH LESSON

The OO-Hook

21. The
(called

upper part of

the

small

elliptical short

figure

&-

the oo-hook)

represents

the

sound

of

u,

heard in hum, dumb (not the long u heard in use, which will be given later) ; the hook with a dot beneath it expresses the sound of oo, as in took, foot; the hook with
a short

dash beneath

it

expresses

the

long

oo,

as

in

doom,

boom.
u
"?

as

in
in

tuck

t u

k
s

6t>
6b

r>

as

took

do k

as

in

tomb

t oo m

'

Gene: RAL Exercise

hut hiit
-v

doom
shove

oo m

tug
shut

tiig
sh u

sh u v

A*

hug
rut

shoot

sh 06

t
c

rut

to

oo

shoe

sh oo

do

oo

sft

shook

sh

do k

19

20
foot
cuff

GREGG SHORTHAND
f 66 t k ii f
<"

up

up

"7
hush
gush

dug jug
fudge huff
pool

dug jug
f ii

h ii
g

sh

u sh

honey
duck

h ii

n 1

h ii f
p
ool

duk

hood
hook dove
puff

h do d h
oo

fool
toot

fool
toot

d ii
p
u

oven

ii

v n

tough

tuf

7
k 1

who

h 66 h
oo m

ruddy
chuckle

ii d i

whom

ch ii

huddle
tattoo

h ii d 1
tatoo

boom

boom
1 ii k i

lucky
always on

22. The OO-hook is

M ; it is also followed by R or L. N
or
nun nun

placed

on

its K

side
or

after when

placed

its

side after

mug
mood

mug
m

mud

mud

66 d

muff

ii f

cool

k 6b 1
g ii 1

~7
moon

m oo n

gull

FOURTH LESSON

21

Review Exercise on Both Hooks

hot

hot
h ii t horn h ii
m
m

loam
loom
rot

o m

hut

1 55
r

home
hum
moan

rut

ii t

bone boon
coach

bon b 56 k
n

moon

moon

mode

mod

o ch

7
sh

mood

mood

gush

g ii

dome
doom

d 6

coal

doom

cull

k ii 1

AND

23. When followed by a vowel, W has the sound of wait. W is therefore expressed by the oo, as 6o-a-t
oo-hook.

we

w e

wall

w aw

weave

w e v

y
cT

woe

w o

wait

w a

wool

66 1
more con
under

24. In the body

venient

of a w

word a

it is generally

to

express

by

horizontal dash

the

22
vowel,

GREGG SHORTHAND

but this dash may

twig
twin
"

often

be

omitted.

twig
twin

^f

equity

ekwiti

2""

jir

dwell

d
h

w e

1
w a

quick

w 1

^->_>

headway

'*

25. In
a

words

vowel,

is

expressed

beginning by

with

a-k or

a-w,

followed line

by

dot

placed on

the

close

to the

next character.

ahead

awake

a w a

.^

>

away

a w a

f)

ahem

ahem

26. Wh is
the

pronounced
should

hw,

as

h-w-e-1

wheel,

hence

dot for h

be

written

first.
hw
a

whit

hw i t

p^

whack

>

whig

hw i g

zr

whim

hw

l m

27. Y is
therefore
yacht

equivalent

to the

e,

as

e-o-r

yore,

and

is

represented

by

small circle.

&^~

y 6 t y
aw n
.<^

yore

y y
R
or

o r

cS.

yawn

yawl

aw

ct

Note: When the

on

combination yo or yaw precedes

L,

the hook is not placed

its

side.

28. At the beginning

of a

word yi

or ye

is

expressed
neces-

by

a small

loop,

and ya

by

large loop.

When

FOURTH LESSON

23

sary to denote the exact shade of vowel sound, the dot or dash is placed beneath the loop.

ye

ye

cO

yet

ye

yea

va

yellow

ye

year

ye r

Yale

ya

General Exercise
way
wave
w a

acquit

i t
1 d
w a

&~~y

y
7
o

quail

k b

w a

wade

wad

Broadway
roadway
await

r aw

(_^/^

wake

wa

rodwa

wage

waj
wed

a w a

cT

weed

awoke

a w

6 k
e

widow

w l

d
p

wheel

hw

1
t

weep
walk

w e

wheat

hw hw
hw

w aw

whip

wash

6 6
5

sh

whiff

watch

ch

yam

ya m

wove

7
k

Yarrow
yoke

ya r o

quack

w a

y 6 k

24

GREGG SHORTHAND Phrases

Word-Signs
above

and

r
^
2

of your

become, book
could

to

you

do

you

full-y
great

you

have
have
not

you

look
move
.

we

have have
not

we

much

you can not

should

^
4

we can not

sure-ly
upon

we will

from
.

you

work

your

letter

world

/>?

if if if

you

have

yes

t?
your
n

you will

you,

you can

W is
week

omitted

in the
"~*

following

words :

when

were

"^-^

what

where

Q-'

won-one

fourth lesson

25

Reading Exercise

<L^

kL^

/"

7
1.
2. 3.

A
Writing Exercise
The
wheel of-the wagon caught in a rut of-the rough road. The pony ran away but the groom caught him. Edwin should-have told you about-the affair before the

letter
4.

reached you.

You-may
do it
The
mud

do the

work

in

your

own

way if-you-are

sure

you-can

well.

5.
wheel.

in-the

road will-reach

up to-the hub

of-the wagon

FIFTH LESSON

AND

TH

29. From the

lesson
written

small small

elliptical

figure
are

given

in the last
which

&

two

curves express

obtained

are

downwards to
to

the very

common

letter

S,

and upwards

express

Th.
TH

S
c
or

/~

or

down
Note: It is very
are written
important
while

up keep steadily in mind that the curves for S those for TH are written upwards and at a greater
to memory aid :

downwards,

inclination. The following is

a useful

Rules

for

Joining S and Th
a

30. When S is joined to

the
same

curve, the S to
which

is

written

in

direction
a

as

the

curve

it is joined,
circle
vowel application

thus

securing
at
rule.

uniform

movement.

occurring
of

the

joining

does

not affect

the

this
spray
reaps

Cc
^*>

safe

makes

=o

face
skate

cv

pass

fa
i-

"~Zf
y

sphere

sick
precedes a

>

Note : When S line.

down stroke, the base of the down

stroke rests on

the

26

FIFTH

LESSON

27
the

31. When S is joined

which

to

T, D, N, M,
A

S is

used
at

forms

sharp

angle.

circle vowel

occurring

the

joining

does

not

affect the application of this rule

stay
set

^
f

odds

smack

>

^~

days
snow

s;i rne

^
^^-^r

nets

S
j^

leans
knees

said

seen

32. When S is joined is

written with

to

Sh, Ch, J,
^

the S

is

used which

the

clockwise

movement

called

the

"comma
sash

S."

sage

/
of

chess

/
and
a

33. In
circle

words

consisting

or

Th,

or

both,

vowel,

or

Th

should

be

written

with

the clock

wise movement.

Circle
as

and

Circle
heath

and
V"

Th

Combinations
these

5?
J

ry

see

hath
thee

if

sees

essay

c?

<^

Seth

y;

34. The
when

clockwise

Th is

given

the preference,
used.
moth

but

joined to O, R, L,
'

the other

form is

thick

r*

though
'

theme

.-a

throw

-~

earth

e_->

doth

athlete

o^

health

,;

28

GREGG SHORTHAND

35. In
is
used.

words

beginning
soul

with

so,

the

"comma

S"

so

4
<=^

soap
sod

(
zs

sorrow

sofa

36. The
at

combination
of

us

is

written when

without an

angle

the

beginning
K, G.
3

words,

or

it follows

down

stroke or

us

fuss
gust

J
"""

gracious

bus

^,

vicious

37. Z is
dash

represented

by

the

sign

for S, but
words.

an oblique

marks

the

distinction in isolated

If

neces

sary, the Th
the
sound

heard in breathe may be distinguished from heard in breath in the same manner.
c>

gas

face
phase

<y

breath breathe

(_rs
Cj--^

gaze

^
The
sound of zk,

9^

Note:

heard in azure, rouge, garage, may be distinguished

this is necessary only
where

from

sh

by

the oblique
of

dash, but

it is desired to

mark

the precise sounds

foreign

words.

38. The letter X may be expressed at the end, or in body of words, (but not at the beginning), by a slight modification of the curve for S, as shown in the
the

following
mix

examples:

coax

tax

**C

box

fix

-f

lax

(?

FIFTH

LESSON

29

39. The
N
written

sound of

in

Ng, heard in long, is expressed by slightly downward direction; and Nk

ngk,
as rang-k

(which is

sounded

rank)

by

longer
-

sign.

rang
rank

*_Q_

sing
sink

_!_

king
.-_

^__

*-_d>

kink

^--s____

Simple Prefixes

and

Suffixes
are expressed

40. The
and

prefixes

con, com,

coun

by K,
The

the

vowel

is

omitted

in the

prefixes

en,

in,

un, em,

%m

when

the

prefix

is followed

by

consonant.

prefix ex

is

expressed

by

es.

condole

infancy
envy
emboss

~}
~1

convey
compass

/~ -

>

explode

41. The
placed

suffix or

ing

or

thing is

expressed

by

dot
is

beneath

close to the
same

preceding

letter;

tngs

expressed

by S
to

in the

place, the

being

written

contrary

the

hands-of-a-clock

movement.

being doing
ringing

(
^
__^

singing

making

everything

30 42. The
suffix

GREGG SHORTHAND

ly

is

expressed

by

the

small

circle,

and

ily,

ally

by

loop.
calmly
readily
'"3

only early

=-=

prettily

Cj^*"

totally

s*^

43. The
nation

suffix

tion,

sion

(shun)
y>

is

expressed

by
ary

SH.

-^

session

action

oration

--y^

motion

fashion

cy

2>-

Note: When sw is followed by T, D, N,

or

M,

the w is expressed

by the hook.

FIFTH

LESSON

31

salad

32

GREGG

SHORTHAND

Word-Signs and Phrases

>

ask

than,
that

then

business
cause, because

r
->
r

their,
them

there

course

desire
else,

^
^r

they
thing,
this think

list

inclose

instan-ce
is, his

-r

those

->

was

long
must
t"

is

the

is
is

this

next

-r~

there c

other

there

is

receive

this
~f
2

is

some

in

these

soon

for
(^

that

A
f

speak,

speech

he

was

y^

state

there

was

such

in

such

FIFTH LESSON

3J

Reading Exercise

d>

<2^

c<=>

s>

<f

As
1.
notice

t<=>

f-

Writing Exercise
The book in-the
of

essays

by John Burroughs
motion a was made

was-given

long

papers.
such

2.
3.
on-the

I-think that
I-shall-not
press.
a

early in-the

session.

wait

for

letter from Mr.

King

as-the

book is
soon.

4.

We-inclose The
speech

list

of

things

which we-shall need

very

S.

by Nicholas Murray Butler

was on-the ethics oi

teaching.

SIXTH LESSON
Diphthongs

44. A
two

pure

diphthong is
uttered

the

union

in

one syllable of

simple

vowels

in

rapid

succession.

The
circles

diphthongs
and

are

therefore

expressed

by joining
of

the

hooks representing the

in
in

vowels

which

they

are

composed.
u
cr

as

fume
now

u m

,U-

ow

cf

as

n ow

&

oi

iP

as

in

oil

(9 Note:

as in

die

The diphthong u is a combination of e and oo; ow, of a and oo; oi, The sign for the diphthong i is a large circle with an indentation of aw and e. resembling a combination of li and e, which, if uttered in rapid succession, This sign for * is generally called the broken yield a sound almost equivalent to *.
' ' '

'

circle.

General Exercise
hue
feud
cow

cr

fine huge
mute

fin
h
m u

J-

fud k
t
ow

2^
--&

7
J

fi t

toy
annoy

oi

^
c=~?

bough

ow

a n oi

Hoyle
try
34

hoil
t
r

sky

ski

>-o

SIXTH
unique
u n e

LESSON i

35
th

**-*

thy
humid
sigh

ounce

ow n s

humid
s

toil

t oi

cJ

ripe

rip
u

scout

ow

youth

th

Nile

i 1

thou

th ow

price

r l s

Roy
cue

r 01

rhyme

rim

ku
gid

apply
tile

p 1 i

<fZ^>

guide

til

alloy
chime

a.

oi

comply

com

p 1 i

ch

invite
enjoy

ire
en

I t
oi

adjoin

oi n

J
7

fight
mouth

fit
m ow th

impugn
exude

im p
ex u

u n

mightily

I t

ily

Notes:

(a)

The

rules

governing the

joining

of

the circles apply to the dipb

thong i. In the words Nile, tile, for instance, the as is done in nail, tale.

sign

is

placed outside

the angle,

(b) In
the large

some words

it

will

circle

to express the diphthong.

mat

be found unnecessary to write the line through For example, it is sufficient to write mat
and ma

for

might, as

"it

(might)
are :

be,"

for my,

as

"in

ma

(my)

opinion,"

etc

Other-common -examples

life,

quite, lively.

36

GREGG SHORTHAND

Vowel Combinations

45. Consecutive

vowels

which

do

not

form

pure

diphthong
Leo Owen Noah
Note:

are

joined in
-f
f-^~

their

natural

order.

olio

olio

Sen
n o a

cameo

a m e o

-^

&

-^

snowy
a

s n

^^P

When

long

is followed by

small

circle,

as

in Owen, (o

n), the

dash is usually

placed

beneath the hook.

46.

Any

vowel

following
&

the the

diphthong
large
circle.

i is

expressed

by

the
via

small

circle within

via

lion
science
"

1 1 ii
s

fiat dial
Note :

fiat dial
When io begins

^J-

e n s

^j-r-

'

iota
it is
written

i 5 t

cf^

a word

same movement as o

in longhand,

which

it

resembles

(as in iota, given above) in appearance.

with

the

47. Where necessary, short i followed mania, is expressed by the large circle with
within

by
a

as

in

dot it.

placed
vowel

it;

and

followed

by

any large

circle

sound

by

the

large

circle with a

dash

within

These

distinctions
mania

are seldom necessary.

mania

<

<^->

Olympia
ammonia

olimpia

medial

medial

<

amonia

create

r e a

Lydia

d I

SIXTH LESSON

37
there
are no con

48. There
sonants. marks

are a

few

words

in

which

In

such words

distinguishing
Cs

dot for the aspirate, or the the vowel sounds, should be used.
the
n
vf.

ah!

wlir

who

ye

C/

awe

hue, hew
oh!

cT

yea

owe,

hay
high

O
/

woe

hoe

Word-Signs
allow

and

Phrases
I find

Q
t>

point,
appoint write

cP

behind

right,
side

^_jp

find

J
out

how,
kind light like

cf
usual-ly,
wish
.

^-q
4

7
your

while

kind letter
^-f?

<

why
wife

>

on this side

would

like

Special Business Phrases

Dear Sir Dear Madam ,
'

Yours truly

Yours very truly

Yours respectfully

Very truly yours

s"

38

GREGG

SHORTHAND

Reading Exercise

X
G>

<=7^

^c7>

&

3
C&-

cP

Writing Exercise
1.
2.
so

Julia Marlowe

will-not

play Ophelia this

out of-the

year.

If-you-find that Mr. Boyd is

other

city,

please-wire-me

that I-can get

3.
the

Please-write-me
price on-the

help fully

for

you.

as-to

what

you

do

about

increasing
the size

4.
of

Before The

we

lots in Butte. publish the book

us

we-must

find

out about

type

which

you-wish

to use.
new year

5.

chimes will

ring in the

SEVENTH LESSON

Blended Consonants

49. When two

angle, the the

straight

lines form
of

an obtuse

or

blunt
"slur"

natural

tendency
the

the

hand is to
a curve,

angle and

allow

lines to form

thus;

The

characters

have been
form

so

arranged

that many

fre

quent combinations not

an obtuse

angle, and this angle

being

observed, the

lines blend

naturally in the

form

of a curve.

50. AH
ten

of

the

following
the

blended

consonants are writ

upwards

from

line
in
in

of writing:
f^

TEN, DEN ^
TEM,
DEM
,

'

as

tenor

denote
/"

as

temper

demolish bond deemed

ENT, END EMT,

occurring

as

in

paint

bf

C-~f

EMD

as 171

prompt

but diphthongs and strongly For instance, dean, dine, team, lame, dome, dime. accented vowels are inserted. The blend is used, however, in words ending in tain as detain are written in full. (b) Although the blends enl, end, emt, emd are pronounced as syllables, just as sh is pronounced ish, the vowel preceding the blend is seldom omitted, except at
consonants

Notes: (a) As the between the

combinations are pronounced as

syllables, minor vowels

are

omitted,

the

beginning

of a

word, as in entry,

entail.

39

obtain

Notes:
the blended

'a) The

rule

given

in Paragraph lines
as

16

applies to
word

the circle between

consonants and straight possible

in the

tenacious end, the ten, den blend is

(b)
given

Where it is
preference.

to use either

ten, den,

or ent,

the

SEVENTH

LESSON

41

51. In is

joining
in

d to

or

v,

and

to ent, end, the

the

angle

obscured

rapid

writing,
of

and
pen.

combination

is

written with one

impulse
'
'

the

DEF-V,

TIVE

as

in defeat
in
gentle

<f^

native

&/

JENT-D, PENT-D
Note:

as

C^f~

happened (Zf
the
end of

It

will

be found that live generally

occurs at

words, as in

native, and cannot be confused with

of words, as

def, dev,

which

generally occur at the

beginning

in defame.

General Exercise

defy
edify
edifice

'oc

deficit
restive

'yf

genteel

C^~
t^}

'

Gentile

6y
"j/

festive
motive

^7

legend
regent

-**,

deface

y^

defame defense
devout

^
'.
*A-

attentive

contingent

-"'o/

tentative

tangent

'f\S

^tA
<o^

cheapened

/j
V^/
<s3
;

pageant

divine divide diffidence devise

ripened

depend

4,
o
y
/

Q"'
rampant

spent

'A"*

opened

*S

expend

(-J

cogent

""?"/

impending

42

GREGG SHORTHAND

52. The

syllables

men,

mem are expressed m and

by lengthen

ing long
sus,

m, that
stroke

is, by joining
upwards, the two
signs

equal

n; ted, ded, det, by a to t and d joined ; ses or

x and 5.

by joining

for s; xes, by joining

memory
*
.

MEN, MEM
/^

mention

TED, DED,
DET SES XES
Notes: The

as

in
in in

heated
passes

seated

as

fJ

faces

<V

i
while

?
ded, ted,
in

as

boxes
occurs at

combination

det usually

the

beginning
only,

of

words, as

in

detach, detest,
The

usually occur at the end of words.

stroke

is

used

to express

ted, ded

vite-c short words

disjoined dash

being

more convenient

most words as explained

in Par. 53.

General Exercise
effeminate

J2-

1?

Roman

immense

SEVENTH

LESSON f?

43
sustain

guesses

possess

f
.
.

cessation

A
^^,

races

leases fences

annexes

basis

--y

taxes

Z?

s,

being

Note: In rapid writing the first 5 in ses may become obscure, and yet the second written contrary to the rule for writing a single 5, clearly indicates the form.
Compare face, faces,
case, cases,

plural

pass, passes.

53. At
preceding
invited

the

end of

many

words placed

ed, may be

expressed

by
f^f)

ted, ded, and sometimes beneath or close to the

character.

divided

demanded

printed

dj^-

54. Advantage may be

in
phrase

taken of the

blending

principle

writing, thus:

t-me for to me, t-do for to do.

""

to meet

ought to

know

to

make

f^^

at

any time

to my to

what to

do

know

f"

in due time

Word-Signs
and,
end

and
"

Phrases
f^

S
;

assist

date,

did
CJ-

hand
agent

attention

'

definite devote

'""

between

<X

44
differ-"' ence

GREGG SHORTHAND

<7

society
time to-morrow

/
^

and

am

difficult-y
duty
endure

AX

at

hand
my time

'

all

want

*-^

at that time

exist-ence

went

for the time

your attention

gentlemen

u
^

in time
and there

-f

Messrs.
says,
system

kind is
-^

attention

J
X.

and there

every my

attention

season

and am

-^

attention

Reading Exercise

if

ri
sd

<?
f
/

SEVENTH

LESSON

45

'

(9

*A

-r
Writing Exercise
1. The society law.
asks

for different working

conditions

and a mini

mum wage

2. The book

memoirs

of-this

famous
to-me.

man read

like

romance;

such a

will-be an

inspiration
will

3. Andrew Temple
evening
classes at

study printing

and

book

binding

in the

the Manhattan Academy.

4. Your-letter

reached

me, but I-have had

no

time to-make the

definite reply demanded. 5. That you-are in business

for-which
mankind

means

that you-are
you money. of-time

doing

something
and

is willing to-give
the
us

6. We-can-not
money does-not
on-you

grant
reach

extension

you-wish,

if-the draw

by-the date mentioned,

to examine the

we-shall

through

our

bank.

7. The

auditor who was sent

books for-the

season

had to devote

a month to-the work.

EIGHTH LESSON

Rules

for

Expressing R
written with a reverse move

55. The
ment

circle or

loop is

to

express

R:
after
straight

(a)

Before

or

lines,

or

between twc

straight

lines in the

same

direction.
After
Between
tart

Before
tar

arm

<-,

marmot

harsh

share

6
and
an

tardy

(b)

Between

horizontal
cart

upward

character.

mart

lard

garden

(c)

Between

downward
barn

character and
chart

T, D, N, M.
farm

pert

A
Note: As there is *s followed
after

A
a

Aa straight

tendency in

rapid

writing to curve

line

when

it

by a circle, the distinctive method of joining Ch, J, illustrated in chart (compare with Perl), is 46

the circle when reversed

adopted

to prevent any

possibility of misreading.

EIGHTH

LESSON

47

(d)

Between

SH, CH, J,
Charles

and

L.
charlatan

churl

Jarley

A^
56.

^
changing the form
manners

^^
of

l^
circle

By

the

reversed

to a

loop

at the end of a straight

line,

the

letter S is
tires

added-

dares

stars

->
.

A
cheers

readers

preachers

ledgers

/
57. Before straight lines S in ser, cer, sar, and Th ir ther, thir, may be written contrary to the usual method of joining to express R.
sermon assert serge
sardine

/
exert

6^
insert

desert

thirty

Thermos

General Exercise
heart
ip^

army

harness
Armenia
earn

ex,-

hearty
heartily

iA

hard harm

C^

<^

r-

a.

48

GREGG SHORTHAND

soldiers

d
<^__,

surname

*lt is generally heard in ur.

more

facile to

use

the circle

for the

obscure

vowel sound

EIGHTH LESSON

49
reversing :

58. The letter R is

omitted without

(a)

In many
*r

words

containing ar,
cargo

er:

starch

perverse

large

y?

clergy
certain

perversity

f
^/

learn
term

serve

surface

A
Cp
<__-?

turn

surprise

lantern
northern

surplus

traverse

southern

(b)

In many

words

containing

or:

ordain

ornate

sort

retort

-t6

f
border

extort

indorse

absorb

(c)

In

words

beginning with
warn

war,
ward

wor:

war

worse

50

GREGG SHORTHAND

59. The reversing

principle

is

used

to

express

L in the

following
till,

words :

teil

deal

mail

mile

smile

still

style

detail

f
Note: deals

f
is
expressed

The

plural of these words

by

loop see a reversed

Par. 56.

mails

styles

details

A
Word-Signs
certificate

//

merchandise

~^f

particular

determine

order

'

territory
trust

organize-

firm first
merchant

^1

organization

X
y

question

until

refer-ence

word

Reading Exercise

A
X^
<A?

EIGHTH

LESSON

51

fj

s*=>

s~

Writing Exercise
1. 2.
3.

as shown

Robert Burns portray his love for mankind in-the line "A man's a man for all We-can-not fill your first order until we-have heard from-your
The
poems of
that."

references.

In-the

northern

territory

this organization sells only to certak

5rms, but in-the

4.
of

it does a large mail order business The firm in-question deals in hardware and sells all style churns, hammers and other tools to-the farmers in-this ant
southern cities

bordering

counties.

NINTH LESSON

Word-Signs

60. The forms

without should compare
corrections.

on

this

page

should

be transcribed
student

referring to the key.

Afterwards the

his

transcript with the

key,

and make

Review Exercise on Word-Signs

_*

,--,

^ y y
>-

-~&

X-

'

c?

S
O
ST

10.

As
?
*

-_>

,-

11 12.

A~^^-

A-r
C2-^

A
CO

<r

7
<a

<r

Jf

A'*

52

NINTH

LESSON

53

KEY TO REVIEW EXERCI3E ON WORD-SIGNS

61. The
word-signs

student

should

test

his knowledge
words

of

the

by

writing the

following

in shorthand,

afterwards given plan on

comparing the forms he has written with those the opposite page. In doing this it is a good
ring
around

to

place a

any

word of

incorrectly written,
the
correct
am-

and afterwards write several

lines

form.

1. a-an, about, above, after, agent, all, allow,

any, are-our, ask,
2.'

more, and-end,

assist.

at-it, attention,
can.
cause-beca

be-but-by, become-book, been-bound, beforebehalf, behind, belief-believe, between, beyond, body, business,
use, certificate, change-which, check,
company-

call,

3. care,

keep,
4.

could, course,

date-did, definite, desire, determine.

endure, ever-y,

devote, differ-ent-ence, difficult-y, duty, else-list, exist-ence, fall-follow, far-favor, find, firm, first.

5. for,
6.

form-from, friend-ly, full-y,

gave, gentlemen, give-n, glad,

go-good, great, hand.

have, he, how-out, I, in-not, inclose, instant-instance, is-his, judge, kind, let-letter, light, like.

7. little,

long, look,

marktt-Mr.,

Messrs.,

most, move, much,

must.

8. name, new, next, of, one, order, organize-organization, other,

particular, please, point-appoint, public-publish,
put.

9. question,
society,

real-regard,

receive,

refer-ence,

reply,

represent,
side,

right-write,

says-system,

season,

shall-ship,

should,

some.
than-

10. soon, speak-speech, state, such, sure-Iy, teach, territory,

then, that, the, their-there, them, they, thing-think, this, those.

11. time, told, to-morrow, trust, until, upon, use, usual-ly-wish,
very, want, was, week, well-will,
went.

12. were, what, when, where, while, why, wife, wire, word, work,
world, would, yes,
you-your.

54
List

GREGG SHORTHAND
of

Additional Word-Signs
written

62. Many

of

these words are

in

accordance

with rules given at a

presented now so on

later

stage of

the study,

but

are

that the student may

begin dictation
are of

connected matter.

As these
should

words

frequent

occurrence, the
order

forms

be

diligently

practiced, in

to

gain

facility

in writing them.

accept-ance

bring
capital

accord

A
S-&

accordance

car,

correct

acknowledge

carry
character

acquaint-ance

advantage

charge

advertise

clear-ly
clerk

again

agree

collect

always

consider-ation

arrange-ment

CUP

copy
corporation

?
^7

avoid

beauty
better
bill

correspond-ence

cover

credit

NINTH LESSON
custom

55

import-^
improve-ment

deliver direct dollar

industry
influence

A
-7

draft
duplicate

A?

insur-ance
invoice

during,
educate

Dr.

jury
mortgage

effect

never

either

newspaper

enough

object

experience

?
X,
X

oblige

fault (see fall)

future

occasion

occuP-ation
office

God
gone

official

got

opinion

govern-ment

part

A
C

house

j>

princip-f^
publication

immediate-ly

56
pupil

GREGG SHORTHAND

spirit

<S
-

quality
quantity
railroad

stand

stock

strange

_~_-^

railway
recent ^

strong,

strength

suggest-ion

^
record
~

thank

regret

thorough-ly, three
throughout

'

remark

"

remit-tance

truth

report

A
^

typewriter

&>,

respect-ful-ly
return

value

-^

vowel

satisfactory
satisfaction

<r

wealth

(see well)

cf

with

+-

send

without

significance
sir

wonder

>^

yesterday
~

small

young

NINTH
Notes1
causes

LESSON
ending in 5 is formed
as

57
follows
-

(a.^

The

plural

of word-signs

instances

respects

-7
(h)
To
exDf?ss

"7
the
c'ural of
word-signs

ending in

a circle

and

of

some words

etiding In

loop,

a slight change

is

made

in the

manner of

joining S.
carries

cares

families

homilies

(c)

After
namely

a circle

vowel,

ly is written
dearly

outside the preceding

consonant,

thus

likely

daily

nearly

merely

(d)

Ly is lightly

added to words

ending in the

diphthong

i by the double
rightly

circle

kindly

Reading Exercise

&
A
f

2
J

1
6^

Writing Exercise
1. The
government will acceptance a
of

insure the
our order gave

goods against

loss.
with

2. Your

is in

accordance

the

arrangement,

copy

of which

to

your clerk.

3. His
vantage

long

experience
new official

in writing advertising copy

will

be

an ad

to the

4. Quality is more be "Not how much, but how 5. The charge of the judge
character and occupation of

in his work with the insurance corporation. important than quantity. Your motto should
well."

will

oblige

the

jury

to consider the

the victim.

6. The agent reports that he could not send the book yesterday but that he will deliver it to-morrow without fail. 7. The typewriter is of great value in the business office. In truth it is difficult to do business without one. 8. He says that most of his pupils wish to take the full course and that he is planning the organization of a new class at the

beginning
9. We

of

next

month.

suggest

that the society arrange to

take some action

on

this report and that such action

be

made a part of the record.

10. Please
cord

send a check with your next order or we cannot ac

it immediate
object

attention.

11. The 12. The

report of
of

this season's

business is thoroughly satisfactory. is to

place

this publication

before

the public

the truth about the recent report on the railway stock.

TENTH

LESSON

Compound Words

63. A

number

of

compounds as

may be

obtained

by

joining simple word-signs, lesson by the word

formed
on

illustrated in the
The

second

"before."

following

words are

the

same principle :

::

G^

Q^

O,

Q-

"

y
with :

iz
in the forms for anywhere,
somewhere. and

Note:
anvhow,

Slight

modifications or omissions are made

hereinafter, herewith, however,

The form for

sometime,

These

should

receive special attention.

notwithstanding

is

not-with-s.

59

60

gregg shorthand

Miscellaneous Compounds
nobody
meanwhile
-y.

nevertheless

otherwise

,rO

!=^

^c"

standpoint

thanksgiving

c^-

KEY TO
any:

COMPOUND

WORDS

anybody, anyone, anywhere,

anyhow.

be:
ever-y:

before, beforehand, behindhand, belong, beside.

whatever, whenever, whichever,

however,

whoever, every

body,
here:

everyone,

everywhere.

hereafter, herein, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereon, hereto, heretofore, hereunto, herewith.

thereafter, therein, therefore, therefrom, thereon, thereto, thereupon, therewith.
whereabouts,

there:

where:

whereas,

wherever,

wherefore,

wherein,

whereof, whereon,
soever:

elsewhere.

whatsoever, wheresoever, whensoever, whosoever,

ever.

whomso

some:

somebody, somehow, someone, sometime, somewhat,

where.

some

with:

within, withstand,

forthwith,

notwithstanding.

Derivatives, Etc.
64. After
reversed express abbreviated

words and

words

ending in

circle,
the

short

dash
the

struck upward

is

used

to

past

tense;

disjoined

r expresses

the
ory.

terminations er, or, and the

disjoined ri,

expresses

ary,

TENTH director

LESSON
/
caller

61
"~il.
-

wanted

*~^

experienced

directory
nearer

customary
murderer

^
*

dearer

Note: When the forms

greater,

are

distinctive,

cr, or, ary, ory, may be

joined,

as

ir

boundary,

receiver, stronger, writer, reporter.

65. When

a word-sign ends with principle

the

last

consonant

of

the word, the reversing

er after straight

may be

used

to

express

lines.
longer firmer
teacher

/
66. The
word-signs

after

(af)

and

out

(ow)

may be

used as prefix

forms.
afternoon

aftertimes

outstanding
<?f~-

outside

62
sender
"t-'

GREGG SHORTHAND
thinker
^-^

afterglow

shipper

C--

worker

^-^,

outgoing
outfit

publisher

afterthought ^f

The Abbreviating Principle

67.
to

Many long words may be abbreviated by dropping

It would be
This
a waste of

the terminations.

time

and effort

write more of a word

than is necessary to suggest

principle

it

is already familiar in longhand, as Rev. for Reverend, ans. for answer, Jan. for January, Phila. for Philadelphia, etc.
when

transcribing.

The

extent upon

to the

which

the principle may be applied

depends
and

subject

familiarity of the writer with the words matter. Every writer can apply it easily
and

and

naturally to familiar words,

the

adapt

it to the he may
most

special requirements of

line

of work

in

which

be

engaged. words given

The
this

in this lesson illustrations

these

are
of

among the

common

and

useful

the

application of

principle.

When

easy to apply the

of

principle

have been studied, it in general practice.

will

be

Many

the

words given way.

in

subsequent

lessons

are abbreviated mind

in this
the

It is important to bear in
usually
sentence

that all

words so abbreviated will

occur

in

sentences.

For instance in the

"He was
might

received with great

enthusiasm,"

it

would

be

sufficient

to write enthus for

enthusiasm; and the same

astic

form

be

used

for

enthusi

in "He

reception

met with a most enthusiastic

TENTH LESSON

63

ILLUSTRATION OF ABBREVIATING PRINCIPLE

It
^

is

possible
<A

that

the

success

of

the

magazine

may
c

A
to
change

^-^

make

it

necessary
s-

the
,-

policy

of

the

association

o-

^~

-r

ff_^
sometime

at

the

next

meeting

in

P/w'/adelphia

in

January.

Have

you

memorandum

of

their

financial

standing?

J
We
cannot cancel

^
the

J-February

A"'

balance.

The

number

will

contain

an

original

story

by

very

prominent

writer.

Please

answer

this

letter

before

September

first.

We

remember

your

co-operation

at

that

time

and

we

shall

show

<-^
our
appreciation when

A
there

-A?

is

an

opportunity

to

do

so.

64

GREGG SHORTHAND

Exercise on Abbreviating Principle

The

following

words are

to

be

written

in

shorthand,
on

and afterwards opposite page:

compared with

the

forms

given

the

1. aband(on),

abbrev(iate),

abs(ent),

abso(lute),

accus(tom),
ans(wer).

alph(abet), ambass(ador), anim(al), anon(ymous),

2. apol(ogize), apprec(iate), assoc(iation), attit(ude), attrib(ute),

bal(ance), brill(iant),
3. cap(able),

cal(culate),

canc(el).

Cath(olic),

celeb(ratej,

chil(dren),

collat(eral),

conseq(uence), co-op(erate), deg(ree).

4.

dehb(erate), demons(tiace), dict(ate), dilap(idate), dilig(ence),

dis(count), eloq(uent),
emin(ent).

Eng(land), enthus(iasm), entit(le), estab(lish), farn(iliar), finan(cial), freq(uent), gen(eral).

involve),

estim(ate),

5. grat(itude),

7.

hund(red), inaug(urate), indic(ate), lnnoc(ence), irresistible), journ(al). knowl(edge), lang(uage), leg(al), leng(th), hb(erty), loc(al),
mag (azine)
.

8. mat(tei), melan(choly), memo(randum), mod(erate), neg(lect),

negoti(ate),
num(ber).

9. num(erous),

obse(rve),

obv(ious),

oppor(tunity),

ordin(ary),

ong(inal), pamph(let), pecu(liar), pecun(iary), perman(ent).

10

perpend

(icular),

pleas(ant),

pol(icy),

pop(ular),

pos(sible),

pov(erty), predeces(sor),

pref(er),

prej

(udice)

prelim(inary)

11. prep(are), pres(ent), presi(de), priv(ilege), promin(ent), rath(er),

relinq(uish), remem(ber).

12. remons(trate), rev(erend), ridic(ulous), scrup(ulous), separ(ate),

sev(eral), simil(ar), simul(taneous), singu(Iar)

13. splend(id), suc(cess), sufficient;, synon(ymous), temp(.erance;, trav(el), unan(imous), un(ion), vul(gar)

TENTH LESSON

65
Principle

Exercise

on Abbreviating

following words are to be transcribed without referring to the key on the opposite page until the work
has been
completed.

The

1.

A"

(y

r-y

'Z-?

s-

i.

CA- CX

s^

*r

eC

9.

-tr

A /AC

&A

-,

<=^A7

?>
'

C*~^r>

io.

g^
C.

<C~

A^

<<

A cA

".

C^

c. c

66 68. The
this
as

GREGG SHORTHAND

Abbreviating
after a

Principle may be

applied

to

short word when a

distinctive outline is

secured.

Usually
vowel,
side.

is done

diphthong or strongly

sounded

illustrated in the word-signs right-write, find, light, The following are useful examples :
bright delight

derive decide
unite

strike

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday

Thursday
-^

<5ur

~*~

Friday Saturday

dz>
<?

TENTH

LESSON

67

Figures, Etc.
69. After
numerals

the

word
under

dollars is
the

expressed

by

d;

hundred

by

placed

the numeral;

thousand to the

by th;
gallons

million

numeral; billion

by m by b;

placed

on

line
or

close

pounds (weight

money)

by p;

francs

by g; barrels by br; bushels by bsh; feet by f; by fr; cwt by nw; o'clock by o placed over the
S~

numeral :

$5
500

4A

5,000 500,000 five

gallons

f;
X>
.f:

$500
5,000 $5,000
500,000 5,000,000

A
r

five barrels
five bushels

A^
JZ
j~-

five feet
five
cwt.

r
7"
jr

$5,000,000 5 lbs. (or

five

o'clock

5)

f
A (
may be
used

500 feet

500 lbs. (or 50i"))

five francs

70. These

signs

after

the

article a

and

such words as

per, few,

several:

dollar
thousand dollars
^f

few

thousand

dollars

a pound

63
a

GREGG SHORTHAND hundred thousand hundred hundred dollars

when preceded

per

hundred
-

several

a million

several

a gallon

;.

71. Cents

by

dollars may be

expressed

writing the figures representing them very small and above the numerals for the dollars; when not preceded

by

by
Per
per

dollars the
cent cent

sign

for

is
5

placed
written n

above

the

figures.

is

expressed annum
cents

by

below the figures;

per

by

adding

to

per cent.
per cent per annum

$8.50

five

five

per cent

five

43

Reading Exercise

rf

>>

ex

(_s>

"

z-

A^>~~

-*

**

TENTH

LESSON

69

C^

>

>x

Writing Exercise
you will find a notice which should be desires general knowledge about the legal rights of women in the different states in the union. 2. He advertised in the afternoon papers for an experienced col lector and by 10 o'clock that night a hundred replies were received. 3. The eloquent speaker was greeted with enthusiastic applause which indicated that his views were popular. 4. If the quality of this merchandise is not as represented you

1.

Elsewhere in

this

issue

read

by

everyone who

may

return

the

goods

to us and we will give you credit

allow you not

for them, his first

but
5.

we cannot

possibly
will

any discount
the

on

the

balance.

The

creditor

relinquish

claim

which

mortgage gives at auction as

him,

and

therefore we

cannot sell the entire stock

the

other creditors suggested.

6.

We

allow a

discount
take

of

5%

on cash sales.

7.

Some

customers

advantage of

this even

when

they find

it necessary to borrow the

money.

ELEVENTH LESSON

Phrase-Writing

72. The

student should cultivate

the

practice of

join
can

ing
of

small

words,

for

without

it be

great

proficiency
the

never

be
or

attained.

All the

common

phrases

consisting
same

two

three

words

should

written

with

ordinary word-form, but nothing is gained facility after special forms for uncommon phrases, by straining or where the outline requires more than five efforts of
as an

the

pen.

While

experience

must

ever

be the

supreme

teacher

in

phrase-writing, the

following

suggestions will

be

useful.

(a) At
I am glad.

the

outset short and common words

should

only

should

be joined.
as

(6) The

words

make

good

sense

if standing alone,

(c)
joined.

The

outlines

for the

words should

be

capable of

being
of

easily

(d) Phrases
should
movement.

that carry the

other

hand away from ths line

writing

be avoided; in

words, the

writer should aim at onward

(e) Pronouns
I am, I shall,
you

are

generally joined to the

we

words

they precede, it qualifies,

as

can,

have.
may be joined to the
word as

(/) A
good men.

qualifying

word

{) The

prepositions

to, of, in

and

with,

and

the conjunction and

70

ELEVENTH LESSON
generally joined to the in case, with this, and there.
are

71
as

words,

they precede,

to

have,

of which,

(h) The

auxiliary

verbs

should, would,

could are

generally joined

to the words

they precede,

as should

be, would be,

could

be.
the

In practicing the
student should

phrases given

in this manual,

keep steadily in mind that they are given as examples, and that he is to form his own phrases on similar lines in general practice. He should study the
phrases

here

given with

view of also

noting

not

only the
words

nature of

the

joinings, but

the

nature of

the

that

are

joined.
General Exercise

it is
of

*<*

of our

,u_

I I

am

the

~-

of all

US

can

c-

'

^~

to the
sO

we are

-a-

I have
you

to this

from from

the

^~

have

J J
^

in
on

the

-^

you

J_

I I

would

the

which

the

will

of

his
their

i>

which

is

/
A
str

you can

-,

of

which can

you will

of your

c^

that the

of which

/
.-f

is the in
our

y^

there

is

_-/

it in

was

-*

there are

which

72

GREGG SHORTHAND

by

the
y

all right

^ff>

in this in these in those

-f>

by

which

!
f"

there were

to you

there

will

for the for this

with

X
A
--

may be
will

7^

in

thus

be
be

I inclose
we

the
this

would

inclose

with

y>

at

hand

in

regard

Word

Modifications
are obtained

Very useful and distinctive phrase-forms by modifying the forms for certain words.
73. Before
ter
or

words

beginning
favor

with a

downward

charac

O, R, L,

to is expressed
to

by

t.
to

to

be
have

honor

to

to please

to receive

to pay

to

believe

to

look

74. When
expressed

repeated

in

phrase,

the

word

as

is

by s:
as great as as

as well as

many

as

as good as

as much as

A?

as

long

as

ELEVENTH LESSON

73

75. In

phrases

been is

expressed

by

b:
nas

have been I have been

)
/
or

has been had been

(
.sf

!t

been
not

l have

been

76. After be
to be able

been the
-r

word aWe

is

expressed

by a:

shall

be

able

'have

been
be
be

able

C/ )
ff

has
will

not

been

able

would

able

be

able

should

able

*ff

have

not

been

able

77. The

following
they had

method

of

expressing

had

after

nouns should

be carefully

noted :

I had

we

had

you

had

78. When do
expressed

not sign

is

preceded

by

pronoun,

it is

by

the
O

for dn.
we

I do
you

not

do

not

-yf

do

not

-f

I do
you

not

think

&

they do

not

do

not

know

79. Don't is distinguished from do

I don't
think
you

not

by

writing don.

don't know

I don't believe

74

GREGG SHORTHAND

80. The
expressed
without written an

phrase

by

was not may be easily and writing wasn't, that is, by joining

legibly
s

to

nt

angle.
and

For the
there is

same

reason, it

is

not

is
If

it isn't

not

is

written

there isn't.

the contractions wasn't, isn't

an apostrophe

need

to be clearly

indicated,
wasn't

is
it

placed over the

was not

forms.
was not

it is

not

he

it

^y

yJ

^y

81. The
are

words

ago, early,

few, him, hope,

sorry, want,

modified

as

shown

in

the

following
to

phrase-forms:

weeks ago

him

months ago

I told him
we

years ago

told him

at an

early date early

I hope
we

at an

day
y

hope
sorry sorry

early reply

am

few days

we are

few days

ago

want

few
few

months

you want

months ago

we want

few
few

minutes

if

you want

2a

minutes ago

do

you want

ELEVENTH LESSON

75

Omission

of

Words
omitted and

82. The
implied

phrase

of the may be
words
//

its

omission

by

writing the
of

it
..

connects close

together,

Your letter 4thinst.

the

^
.

time

fi,

of

the

day
market

f^
-<

^-ff

end of the week

^i

state of

the

credit of

the

firm

^J-

list

of

the

people

rjf

83. The
as

words from and

to are

omitted

in

such phrases

from time to time.

'"

from time to time

from
to

month
month year year season season
Q
K
-

from from

^^

day to day
week

from
to
i

to

week

from
to

r
-2

84. The
after

word after

is

omitted

in

such phrases

as

day

day, but
after

the

words are not

joined.

time

time

iff

week after week

day after day

hour
after

ff
.

month after month

hour
word

year after year

85. The

day,

the last

word

by is omitted in such phrases as day by being written a little below the first
'me

word.

day by day
week

fX&

by

line

by

week

*~~^

little

by little

76

GREGG SHORTHAND

86. The

word

to is

omitted

after

the

words

able,

ac

cording, glad,

like,

order,

please,

reference, regard, regret,,

relative, respect,
able to

wish.

say
to the

(A

in

reference matter

to the
^-fS

in in

respect

glad regard matter

to

see

to the
-

"

regret

to say

cu,

-^

in

reference

to the

-,

wish

to say

?
the

87. its

Any

unimportant word

may be

omitted where

grammatical construction of

the

sentence would compel

restoration when

transcribing.
<"

in the

world

some of

them

here

and

there

<=

week or two

more and more

son-in-law

General Exercise
to
see

as near as

to ship to
which

as

low

as

/
A
^^

as soon as

to

reach

you

have been has been has been

able

to

like
represent

there

to

T
^

what

to

sell

had been

ELEVENTH

LESSON

77

will not

be able
not

day or two

have you
able

been

/ had been

X if
<<
<A<

in

day or two
your

in reply to
ought

they had been

I do I do
we not see

to

receive

out of

the

question

c^~)

not

know
know

<T
r~

in

a week or

two

do

not

to-day

or

to

morrow

I do

not

like
A^

some of

those

I don't
there

see

by
--^f

the way

was not

hand in hand
that

s*-

days

ago

is to say

X?

ten

days
a

ago

system of govern ment

for

few days

u
c

form

of government

1 hope to hear I if
am

one of our

sorry to say
any

one or

two

you want

A
X~
//
<&
-n

one of the

best

particulars work

of the

ought to

be

cheer after cheer

ought

to have

side

by

side

more or

less
most

on

the question

one of

the

GREGG SHORTHAND

Special Business Phrases

(See Also Page 37)

Dear Sirs
Dear Mr.

Very

respectfully
yours

t.

Cordially

My

dear Sir

Very cordially yours

^j_

-^~~

Yours sincerely
Yours very
cerely
sin

am

in

receipt

We I

are

in

receipt

=2-

am

in

receipt of

-*<=?

Very

sincerely

your

favor in
receipt of

Very sincerely
yours

/^
s>^

We

are

^
<f

your

favor
receipt of

Sincerely

yours

am

in

your

letter

Reading Exercise

cA.z

X-*

!2-

ELEVENTH LESSON

79

jsg^-^

f-r

fT>

f--

"JZ/

~7

Writing Exercise
l

Dear Madam: We learn from books

with

your

letter

of

May

10 that

you are

which we sent you a

few
to

months ago.

You

will

returning the be credited

will

these books when

they

reach us and the charge

for them

be

canceled.

We

are glad

know

that

you appreciate our

cour

tesy in accepting
)ur

their return.

When
ready to

you need
serve yoi\

anything

more

in

line,

you will

find

us ever

Very

sincerely yours,

(77)

Dear Sir: We have

in If
your recent

letter asking
more our

us

to take advertising space

your newspaper.

Our advertising

plans

for the

next

few

months

will not allow us

to take any

newspaper

space

at

this time.

you will

bring

this matter to
able to

attention again

in

about

three

months,

we

may be

arrange

for

full

page

in the

holiday
. .

issue to

which you refer.

Very

cordially yours,

("">

1 4M

TWELFTH

LESSON

Omission

of

Vowels
a pure

88. When
come

two

vowels not

forming

diphthong

together, the minor or unaccented vowel may be omitted, and for convenience in writing many words the
circle

may be

omitted

in the

diphthong
royal

u.

deity

ratio

radius

-A

due

tune

89. In the

body

of a word short u and ow are omitted nd.

before n, m, ng, nk, nt,

run

come

sun

round

found

rung

sunk

pungent

A
Notes:

(a) The

short

is

not omitted when

it

occurs

between two horizontal

is indicated

Straight strokes,

asinnuK,

numb.

(b) The

omission of ow

between two horizontal

as

straight strokes

"iog"

by

the

or

broken line,

in renown,

announce.

80

TWELFTH

LESSON

81
prefixes

90. The

vowel

is

omitted

in

the

be, de,

re,

dis,

mis.

beneath

depend

revise

distance

6
misgivings

begun

debar

disease
ft

Notes:

(a) The
is

vowel

is

retained when

de

precedes

K, G,

as

in decay, degrade*

(b) The vowel L, N, M, T, D, as

retained when re

precedes

the forward characters,

K, G, R,
redound

in recast, regain, rewrite, relate, renown, remiss, retail,

91. The

vowel

is

omitted

in per, pur, pro,

and

in the

termination age.
permit

pursuit

profound

profess

f
manage message

5>
cartage

X
bondage

T
Note: When pro
Procrastinate
occufs

it is

more

convenient

an upward character expresses

as

character or K as in protest. insert the vowel; when per occurs before in perturb, pertain. Perdition the reversing principle
an upward

before

to

R.

92. The
followed
rush

vowels

m,

oo

are omitted

after

or

when

by Sh, Ch,

J.
solution

flush
<L^fT

drudge

*-f

82

GREGG SHORTHAND

93. The

vowel

is

omitted

in the

terminations

tition,

tation, dition, dation,

repetition

nition, nation, mission,

ignition

mation.

addition

station

gradation

stagnation

formation

General Principles

94. While
very large

the

omission of vowels

in

general

is left to

extent

to the judgment

of

the writer,

the

following suggestions will be of assistance : (a) A vowel is often omitted between

curves.
maker
struck
skill

two

reverse

attract

eager

rnilf

L,

(b) A hook and P, B.

vowel

is

often

omitted

between T, D, R,

stop

drop

Dublin

adoption

<^

ff

TWELFTH LESSON

83

(c)
a

circle vowel

is

often omitted character.

open

between

P, B,
bad

and

horizontal
pity

or upward
rapid

Omission

of

Consonants
or

95. D is
admit

omitted when

it immediately precedes M
adverb advocate

V.

administer

Note:
vowel

In the

words

admire, advise, advance, coming under this rule, the initial

may be

omitted.

This

enables

the writer to

form

such useful phrases as

I admire,

we admire,

to advise, I advise,

we

advise, to advance, in advance.

96. When slightly enunciated, T

the
end of a word.

or

D is

omitted

at

fact

best

detect

mind

jdefect

X
insist
-r resist

desist

AX
97. The
end of
old

-,

combination

Id is

expressed

by

raising the
Arnold

L.
field

killed

building

oewilder

golden

Reynolds

84

GREGG

SHORTHAND

General Exercise
arduous
astound

genius

redound

genuine

moun-

tainous
astute

9^

surmount

C-

musician

renounce

virtue

announce

theory
museum

legion
rejoice

harmo
nious
ceremo repent
~5-~

j
,

nious

fun

respond

~-~r

TWELFTH

LESSON

8o
feature
venture

GREGG SHORTHAND

A-

extenuation

9""'

evident

>attest

A A

exact

J-*

event

attestation

contact

eventual

adventure

JT
-

detest
A^

consist

detestation
past

persist

failure
error
_-

demand

hardest deduct
resident

bold
child
cA^

serious

C-r-

previous

tuition

X?

Leopold

president

<^-

folder

98. The

following

words

coming

under

the
of

rules given

in this lesson

are also useful

illustrations

the Abbre

viating Principle.

disagree
ment

disappoint
ment

resPns-ible
and

Note: In disagree, disappoint

write

their

derivatives, it is found

convenient to

d for dis.

TWELFTH

LESSON

S7

Reading Exercise

Writing Exercise
1. The theory was advanced that a solution of the bewildering mystery could be found only by following up every clue.
2. A
special

meeting

was announced

for the
of

purpose of

discussing

the formation

of a

society for the benefit

the metal workers in the

foundry. 3. 4.
Much damage
was

done to the baggage

entirely
crushed. of your office work

through

rough

handling and
Silence

one package was

about

the details

is

a virtue.

The
of an

repetition of an

innocent important business deal.

5.
about

remark

has

often caused

the

failure

The

manager

soon

found there
expedition.

were

profound

misgivings

the outcome of

the

THIRTEENTH LESSON

Joined Prefixes

99. Most
to the
purpose of

of

the

joined

prefixes are

already familiar
this time to

student.

They

are repeated at sufficient

for the

furnishing

practice

eliminate

hesitation in using

them

in
aw

actual work.

1 00. Al,
almost

expressed
also

by

and

Ul, by
(ult.)

u.
ulcer

ultimo

-2_-

101. Com, Con, Coun,

competition confess

Cog,

expressed
counsel

by

k.

cognomen

^
Notes:

?
or

(a) Before t

d the

prefix

form may

express can.

cantaloupe

candidate

candor

candle

(b) When \n for con.

Com

or

Con is followed

by

a vowel or

by

r or

/,

write

km for

com and

comedy

comrade

Conroy

THIRTEENTH LESSON

89
n.

102. Em, Im,

embers

expressed

by

m;

and

En, In, Un, by

unjust

imprint

enjoin

I
103. (a)
used

7
un are

The

prefix

only

when a

forms for em, im, en, in, consonant follows the prefix.

When

a vowel
written.

follows em, im, en, in, tin, the initial

vowel

is

innate
~~6

inner
~-

inept

r
imagine

enact

unequal

inaccessible

(b)
the

Negative from

words

beginning

with

im,
the

un

are

dis
of

tinguished

the positive

forms

by

insertion

initial

vowel.

Positive
mortal

modest

known

necessary

Negative

immortal

immodest

unknown

unnecessary

104. Ex,
exceed

expressed
expel

by

es

; Aux

and

Ox, by

os.

auxiliary

oxygen

90

GREGG SHORTHAND

105. For, Fore, Fur,

forgive

expressed

by/.
forearm

foresight

furnish

>->
Note: When For
to
or as
character close

J
it,
/,
as

A
page 92.

Fore is followed by a vowel, disjoin / and write the next in forearm. When For or Fore is followed by r or lt iorm

an angle after

in forerunner, furlong,

106. Sub,
subdue

expressed

by

s.
submit
substance
f~

subpoena

A,
Notes:
express sub.

*
or a

(a) Before R, L, Ch, J,

hook,

s is written contrary to rule to

subjoin

subway

subordinate

L
(b)
When Sub is followed by is
written close
a

2
circle

vowel,

is

disjoined

and the

next

character

to

it.

subagent

subhead

subequal

;
General Exercise
almanac
=
e*-^

ulster

pr

although

=>*"

compel

ulterior

ultimate

comprehend

-p>

ultimatum

combine

/*

THIRTEENTH

LESSON

91

commence

convene

commission

consul

commotion

conscious

commutation

cognate

comity
comatose

embrace

emperor

conceit

impartial

-A

contest

imperfect impossible impulse

impoverish impression

concur

concussion

conditionally

confirm

-*

consign

engine

confound

encourage

consolation

ensign

consolidation

enchant

consternation

infirm invent invest

investigate

conduce

consummate

7 7

convince

92
unkind

GREGG SHORTHAND
tj

fortune

uncouth

unlearned

emerge

emotion

inhabit immersion
inaction

uneasy
unnoticed

expert

excess

exaggerate

excite

excursion

exhaust

explosion
c*

exhibit

oxalic

oxidize

THIRTEENTH LESSON

93

Compound Joined Prefixes

107. Two
form

or more simple prefixes

may be joined to
may be formed

compounds.

A few
or non

compounds

by

joining re, dis,

incontestable

mis,

to the

prefix

forms:

inexpedient*

unconquerable

inexplicable*

unaccounted*

excommunicate

incognito

inconvenient inconsistent
disconcert

incandescent
unimpaired*

uninitiated*

discontinue
inexpensive*

preconcerted

insubordinate
misconduct

inform
recompense conform reconcile

comfort recognize

unfortunate

recommend

unforeseen

noncontent

encompass subconscious

o
with a compound

The initial
prefix.

vowel

is

not required

because the

word

begins

94

GREGG SHORTHAND

Prefixal Abbreviations

108. The
rules given

following
and

are

useful

abbreviations

under

in this

in

previous

lessons :

accomplish

A
A^

economy
effort

afford

enable*

already
unable*

altogether

<f

command

energy
pxrpl

r
t

commerce

excei-lence
except

lent

commercial

committee

exchange

communicat-fon
compare

exercise

expect

complete

explain

conclude

express

conclusion

force

confiden-e
congress

indeed

independen-J
individual
subject 109.

--A

connect

J,

country
*See
suffix able, page

THIRTEENTH

LESSON

95

Reading Exercise

->

7-

9-

Writing Exercise
1. 2.
means

"The
It

world will can never

little

note
what

nor

long

remember what we
here."

say

here, but it

forget

they did

needs no prophet

to tell us that those who

of a reverse

live up

to their

without

pecuniary

any thought independence.

cost of

in life

can never attain

3.

To the

manufacturing and shipping add the

profit of

the manufacturer and that of the shipper

these items make up

the

price paid

by

the

ultimate purchaser.

FOURTEENTH LESSON

The

TR

Principle
are

109. Certain
tr
and
a

prefixes or
vowel. close

letters The

disjoined to is
of

express above

following
and

prefix

placed

the line

very
the

to the

remainder

the word,

which rests on

line

of writing.

Contr-

contract

counteract

(or counter)
Constrconstruct constraint

ExtrExcl-

extract

exclamation

(or exter)
Intr-

intricate

-~&

intellect

(or

inter, en ter, intel)

Instr-

Retr-

Restr-

Detr-

Distr-

Electr-

(or electric)
Alter

Ultra

FOURTEENTH
CentrJ

LESSON

97

Later

Letter, Liter
Matr-

(or mater)
Metr-

Nitr-

Nutr-

Patr-

(or pater)
Petr-

f
<r-

(or peter)

Austr-,
Note:
omitted:

ostr-

This

principle

may be

extended

to

abstr-, etc.,

obslr-, the 5

being

r
contraction

obstruct

obstreperous

1/

General Exercise

contravene

control

contrivance

contribute

counterfeit

7
"7 ? )

contradict

countermand

contraband

construction

contrary
contrast

extravagant

extremely

98
extradition

GREGG

SHORTHAND

retrieve

extraneous

retrospect

7
-7

extraordinary

retraction

external

retribution

exclude

restrain

exclusive

restriction

internal interest
introduce intervene intelligent intelligence

deterioration

distraction

distress

f>
>"

distrust

CA

electricity

electrician

entertain

electrotype

enterprise

electric

light

international

alteration

interpret

alternation

intersect
interrupt

centrifugal

literature

interview
instruction

liturgy

letterpress

FOURTEENTH

LESSON

99

maternal

A
pattern
f-

metropolita n

6
patron
c

nitric

petroleum

{_
"C-. o

nutriment

Austria
ostrich

patrician

Compound Disjoined Prefixes

110. Some very

useful

compounds

are

obtained

by

joining

simple

syllables, such as un,

in, dis,

re, non, to

disjoined

prefixes.

uncontradicted

unconstrained

uncontrolled

inextricable
uninteresting
reconstruction
~A~

incontrovertible
unrestrained

redistribution

misinterpret

disinterested
uninterrupted

illiterate
eccentric

unintelligent

Aj

concentration

unintellectual

nonintervention

indestructible
immaterial

unalterable

compatriot

100

GREGG SHORTHAND

Derivatives of Words Ending in CT

111. In
as
or

forming
ive.

the

derivatives
omitted

of words

ending in ct,

contract, it is

not

necessary to disjoin to express ed,

or, er,

The t is

in the
and also

primitive

form

(under the

rule given

in Par. 96),

its derivatives.

contracted

contractor

contractive

constructed

constructor

constructive

instructed
'instructor

instructive
extracted

Reading Exercise

FOURTEENTH

LESSON

101

/ A

Writing Exercise
1.
of

The

enterprise

is international in its

appeal

and

should

be

extraordinary interest to the intelligent 2. At the close of the interview the

order

people of president

every land.
countersigned

the

for

new

electric

motors

to equip

all

the

high

power

machines.

3. 4.

We do

not

interpret the
their

contract

as

permitting

our

cus

tomers to

countermand

orders.
will

The international society

of

not

intervene to

restrict

the

working

the new
trust

extradition

laws.
a

5.

The

will

contribute

fund for the distribution

the laws

of

literature

on

the interpretation and

trade.

construction of

regard

ing

restraint of

FIFTEENTH LESSON

Disjoined

Prefixes continued

112. Aggra-e-i,
circle a.
aggravate

expressed

by loop

a;

and

Anta-e-i, by
antipathy

aggregate

antagonist

Jl
113. Incli-e-u,
incline

<?

<?

f
circle).

expressed

by

(small
include

inclemency

inclusive

114. Decla-i,
declare

expressed

by de;

and

Recla-i.

by

re.

decline

reclaim

recline

Note:

On

account of

the

distinctive

character of

the

form, Decla-i

may be

expressed without

disjoining;

thus

declare

decline

declaration

declaim

115. Hydra-o,
hydrant

expressed

by

(diphthong I ).
hydropathy
hydrophobia

hydraulic

102

FIFTEENTH

LESSON

103
m;
and

116. Magna-e-i (or Mc), by

mu.
magnanimous

expressed

by

Multi,

magnificent

McDonagh

multiform

Note: When a distinction is double length for Mac

required

between Mc

and

Mac,

write

the stroke

117. Over,
overdue

expressed

by

o;

and

Under, by

u.
underneath

overthrow

understand

118. Para,

expressed

by p;

and

Post, by p (on
postal

the

line,

close

to the

next character).
parallel

parasite

postman

119. Self, Circu-m,

selfish

expressed

by

(to the left).

circumvent

self-esteem

circulation

120. Super, Supre,

superlative

expressed

by

("comma S").
supervise

supreme

superficial

^
121. Short
shorthand

X
or

Ship,

expressed

by sh;

and

Trans, by
translation

/.

shipwreck

transaction

*0

104

GREGG SHORTHAND

122. Suspi, Suspe, Suscep,

suspicion suspense

expressed

by

ses.
suspect

susceptible
'

rr

General Exercise

0)
aggrieve

hydrogen

0
aggregation agriculture

hydrocarbon
magnet

7-r
~~A

aggression

magnesia

aggressive

magnify

XT
A^
<*

antidote

McKenzie Macintosh
McDougall

anticipate

?
f
Of.

f^

antecedent

antediluvian

multitude
=.

antithesis

S
fA

multiply
overtake

f
"y

declamation

declined
reclined

overbalance

'C
ff

overcharge

/
C

inclined
inclination
-7

overlook

overcome
s

inclusion

overestimate

FIFTEENTH
underscore

LESSON
circumstance

105

undertake

superabundant

underwrite

supercilious

undercurrent

superfine

A
j

paramount

supremacy
superfluous

paraphrase

paragraph

superior

paradise

XA

superintend

paragon

r_

suppress

parapet

superb

postage

shortcomings

postpone

i
A
A
f

shipshape

t6

post-office

suspension

postal card

suspend

Sf
'

self-evident

transfer
. .

9
'

self-conscious

transition

self-sufficient

transitory
transformation

self-improvement

^-7
ff

circular

transcend

circumference

transport

cA

106

gregg shorthand

Compound Disjoined Prefixes

untransacted

~A <C

untransferable

-f\,

untransparent

self-control

*TL_-^

untranslatable

Af^

self-contradiction

^f
"J-

disinclination
self-interest

-fy

unsuspected

'-f

unsuspicious

~T,
~Z^~~

unselfish

unsusceptible

unparalleled

-L

electromagnet

'

123. The
expressed mis placed

words misunderstand stand

and

misunderstood are
under

by
on

and

stood

placed

mis,

with

the

line

of writing.

This is

extended to
a

understand and understood when preceded a wordsign or a short phrase

by

pronoun,

form.
'

misunderstand

,-__

I do I

not understand

tfA^

misunderstood

cannot understand

<^"~1-^

we understood

thoroughly

understood

_->

124. The
center, the
prefixal

words

extra, enter, over,

under, short, alter,

are expressed

counter, construe, agree,

deter,
the

by

forms

placed over

next word.

extra

discount into

Zf
^f^

center rail

enter

counterclaim

under

any

construe

the

6hort

time

Senator Cummings

Reading Exercise
r<=>

>^

A
~

y
<f

-aa

5>

cX
r-O

^7

/?

108

GREGG SHORTHAND

</*-

Writing 1. lead
2.

.Exercise

Self-knowledge,
men

self-reverence, self-control,

these

three alone

to supreme power.
was our

Emerson.

It

understanding that Doctor

MacChesney

was

to-

translate that discussion on the

transplanting of magnolia trees for the next issue of the Agricultural Review. 3. The extra discount allowed on the bill for goods purchased
at the regular counter was not
which we agree

according to the

new

contract

in

to make a special price only on sales

amounting to
without

more

than

$200.
circulation of account

4.

The

the

magazine

is

over

fifty thousand

taking into
5.

the extra copies sent out as exchanges.

It

was self-evident

that

.coal

would

be

recognized as a contra

band
6.

of war.

There This

was

general

suspicion

that

his

antagonist

was

man of great

intelligence
and

and magnetism.

7.

system of shorthand

quated

methods,

superior

to any of

is the Very antithesis of the anti it is easy to demonstrate that it is vastly them because there is a superabundance of evi

dence in its favor.

SIXTEENTH LESSON

Joined Suffixes

125. Able, Ible, Ble,

notable

expressed

by b;

and

Pie, by p.
ample

audible

noble

126. Cribe,
describe
y^-

expressed

by kr;

and

Cription, by kr-shun.
prescription

description
f^

prescribe

Q^
by ft;
and

Q^
Flectioiv,

Fleet, Flict, Fliction, by fl- shun.

afflict

127.

expressed

affliction

reflect

reflection

?
128. Ful,
and

*-*
expressed n.
artless

t_

-z~,
m;

by /; Less, by /; Ment, by
amusement

Ness, by
thoughtful

lateness

Notes:
write

(a) When
full.

ment

is

preceded

by

vowel, it is

generally advisable to

the word in
cement

raiment

lament

foment

109

110

GREGG SHORTHAND

(b) Where the root word is abbreviated to one character, ness is written in full, as in the word goodness, which is written g-n-e-s. If the primitive word, although a word-sign, is more fully suggested, the suffix form is used.
fullness
littleness
gladness

friendless

I
(c)
An
angle

is formed in
word.

joining

ness where

the

absence of an angle would give

the form

of a

different

madness

lowness

harden

madden

loan

129. Pose, Pute, by pit;

impose

expressed and

by po; Position, by po-shun;

pu-shun.
impute

Putation, by

imposition

imputation

T
130. Pire,
aspire

T
by pi;
and

T
respire

expressed

Quire, by ki.

inspire

conspire

z
acquire

7
require

1
esquire

inquire

131. Quest,
request

expressed
conquest

by kes;

and

Quisite, by kest.
exquisite

requisite

SIXTEENTH LESSON

111
ses.
ourselves

132. Self,
himself

expressed

by

; and

Selves, by

yourself

themselves

133. Suit,
result

expressed

by

su;

and

Sume, by

sm.
resume

insult
-z
expressed
measure

assume

*-&

"-^

134. Sure,
assure

by

shu;

and

Jure, by ju.
perjure

injure

*3

7
135. Tion, Sion (shun) ; Tient, Cient, by Ciency, by shun-si.
passion patient ancient

f
shun-t

and

efficiency

/
136. Worth,
Harmsworth

/
expressed

f
by
uth

and

Worthy, by

thi.

Ainsworth

praiseworthy

trustworthy

General Exercise
suitable

eatable

peaceable

horrible
salable

irritable
payable

r
T

humble

112

GREGG SHORTHAND

simple

transcribe

transcription

inscribe
inscription

conflict

confliction

inflict
infliction handful
bashful

useful

watchful

wonderful

successful

aimless

fearless homeless
breathless
thoughtless

SIXTEENTH LESSON
wireless

113

moment

defacement
ornament

Q-

augment

achievement

appointment

experiment

investment
comment

bareness
rudeness

fairness
slowness

A^

expose

exposition

suppose

supposition

oppose

opposition

114
yourselves

GREGG SHORTHAND
conjure

consult

efficient

desultory
consume

f^

deficient

deficiency
proficient

leisure
treasure

proficiency

censure

Ellsworth

pressure

blameworthy
noteworthy

adjure

Joined Suffixes
feebleness hopefulness
thoughtfulness

fearlessness
breathlessness hopelessness

playfulness

fearlessly hopelessly impatiently

actionable

carefulness

hopefully
thoughtfully
playfully

fashionable
missionary
consultation

heedlessness
thoughtlessness

SIXTEENTH LESSON

115

indescribable
measurable

momentary supplementary elementary

complimentary
trustworthiness

immeasurable
requirement

acquirement

Reading Exercise

f~

rf

?
c^>
<A-

x-

cJ>^

-y

116

GREGG SHORTHAND

/- /- A

Writing Exercise
1.

His reading
The
the truth
of

was

desultory
is
report

and

therefore without result. that

2.

achievement

so remarkable

it is

almost

incredible,
reliable

but
3.

the

is

vouched

for

by

several

people.

After

careful

additional

loans

would

to undertake

with

investigation they came to a decision that the be too large an investment for the company the capital at its disposal at that time.

4.

The

shorthand notes are

legible, but
of neatness

the transcription

is

not

acceptable

because

of

the lack

in the

work.

5.

The missionary

underwent

indescribable

torture

with

fearlessness which evoked the admiration of the savages. 6. The contribution is praiseworthy for its direct treatment of the subject, but it is not suitable for use in our publication and we
are

therefore returning it to

you.

SEVENTEENTH LESSON

Disjoined Suffixes

137. Ingly, expressed by ly, placed in the ing position ; Ington, expressed by ton, placed in the ing position; Ingham, expressed by m, placed in the ing position.

knowingly

Washington

Kensington

Dillingham

138. Bility, expressed by b; Ification, by /; Gram, Grim, by g; Mental, Mentality, by m; Ship, by sh.
ability

feasibility

specification

monogram

experimental

fundamental

partnership

ownership

A
Notes:
clearly shows that
modification

^
may be

(a) After / is

/ and

d, ification

joined,

as

the

absence of

the blend

a suffix sign.
notification

edification

-A

fX

^y
authorship

(b)

In many

words

ship may be joined.

workmanship

friendship

hardship

4
117

118

GREGG SHORTHAND

139. Hood
childhood

or

Ward,

expressed

by d.
downward

likelihood

homeward

Note:

In many

words ward

may

be joined.
towards

forward A^

afterwards

A^

140. Acle, leal, Icle,

tentacle

expressed

by k.
chronicle

medical

classical

141. Itis,

expressed

by

ts.
peritonitis

appendicitis

meningitis

tonsillitis

(XXfA
142. Ulate,
the
other

A^c
expressed

by

u.

In

forming derivatives,
insulator

letters

are added.
modulated

modulate

insulate

~A^
insulation formulate
emulate

emulative

Note:
Safety.

In

most words ulate and

its derivatives may be joined

with perfect

speculated

speculation

speculator

speculative

SEVENTEENTH LESSON General Exercise

willingly
appallingly strikingly meaningly
soothingly warningly pleadingly cheeringly
'

119

nobility sensibility advisability

z X

legibility desirability
affability
qualification

f
AX
y
f

gratification

"longingly
exceedingly
grudgingly

signification

classification

y
mortification

Millington
Farmington Warrington

indemnification
identification
certification

<7

Wellington Harrington
Rockingham Cunningham
plausibility

lettergram
<2-^
phraseogram

<A-

epigram

CA

cablegram

pilgrim

120
anagram

GREGG SHORTHAND
livelihood knighthood
statehood

<=p^

.,

<jy

sentimental

ornamental

=-ct__

monumental

:T2

onward

^^

clerkship
apprenticeship

upward

<5^

northward

airship

southward

township
steamship

eastward

westward

tdnship
warship worship
womanhood

awkward

reward

<y~

article

clerical

manhood

physical

girlhood

psychical

boyhood hardihood
motherhood

musical

icicle
radical

brotherhood
neighborhood

technical

cuticle

SEVENTEENTH LESSON
ethical

I2i

manipulation

magical

populated

nautical

articulate

bicycle
periodical

articulation

f^

inarticulate formulated
adulation

gastritis

stimulate

'X

stimulated

expostulate

stipulate

regulate

stipulation

matriculate

cumulative

perambulate

manipulate

speculate

Reading Exercise

jy-

J
fc^

Z>
cf

J-

J>

122

GREGG SHORTHAND

Writing Exercise
1.
to

The
an

classification and

identification

of

the candidates proved

be
2.

exceedingly difficult task.

you

If

have
for

the essential educational

certification. of

qualifications,
the
work

we can

easily

arrange

the

3. 4. 5.
to

The An

technical nature

the

matter

makes

of

the

medical reporter

very difficult.

article on psychical research appeared

in

a recent

issue

of

the periodical.

Every
her

girl,
own

when she reaches

womanhood,

should

be

prepared of

earn

livelihood
upon to

even so.

though there

is

no

likelihood

her
6.

being

called

do

You may The

matriculate

in the

college when you receive a noti

fication

of your eligibility. articles of

7.
the

co-partnership

were

drawn up according to
of

specifications.

8.

The law

stipulated

that the statement

ownership

should

be

published

every

six months.

EIGHTEENTH LESSON

Disjoined Suffixes continued

143.

-Rity,

-Lity,

-City,

-Vity,

-Nity,

-Mity,

with 01
ml.

without a

preceding vowel,

expressed

by

r,

I,

s, v, nt,

respectively.

124
Note: In before the
words

GREGG SHORTHAND
ending
with

ernily, the

reversed

circle

is

used to express

er

suffix sign:

fraternity

AA
144.
-Stic,

ff

^y

with

preceding vowel, expressed

artistic

by

st.

elastic

domestic

atheistic

cf>

ff

145.

-TiCj

with

preceding

vowel,

expressed

by

large circle; -Tical, with a preceding vowel, expressed by a loop. In forming derivatives, the other letters are added,
politic politics

energetic

energetically

9
systematic

hypnotic

systematical

systematically

A
Note:

i?
may be joined.
grammatical

{?
automatical

In many

cases the

loop

political

theoretical

-^ 146.
preceding vowel, expressed by derivatives, the other letters are added.
with

-Ntic,

n.

In

forming
gigantic

authentic

frantic

frantically

f-

EIGHTEENTH

LESSON

12S

over

147. Egraph, Igraph, expressed by small circle placed the last character. A loop expresses egraphy, igraphy.

In

forming derivatives,
telegraph

the

other

letters

are added. telegrapher

calligraph

telegraphy

the

148. Ograph, expressed by other letters are added.

lithograph
^
autograph

o.

In

forming

derivatives.

photograph

phonograph

fc

Aclithographic

Jtypography

lithography

lithographer

Note:

In

most words ograph and

its derivatives may be joined:

stenographer

photography

stenography

phonographer

A
149.
pressed e
-Logy, -Logical,

A.
with

preceding
ol).

vowel,

ex

by

(on its
express

side, as

in writing
to

The letter
-logist, n

is

added

to

-logically, s

express

to

express

-logian.

analogy

genealogically

geologist

pathologist

theology

/
theologically

/
theologist

theologian

126

GREGG SHORTHAND

General Exercise
singularity
=-<-,

technicality
vitality

solidarity

hilarity
regularity

mortality

morality

familiarity
~V

fidelity docility
versatility

sincerity

temerity
priority

facility futility
y
garrulity

minority

authority

futurity
security

f~

incredulity
capacity

77

alacrity

mendacity

integrity
reality

veracity

loquacity
complicity

nationality

rascality

publicity

punctuality

elasticity

criminality

passivity

EIGHTEENTH LESSON
romantically

12?

Atlantic
calligraphy
telegraphic
photographic

photographer

phonography
stenographic

autographed

biography
mimeograph

geography
geographical

hectograph
physiological

physiologically
psychological

biology
ornithology
romantic

chronological

128

GREGG SHORTHAND

doxology
tautology
analogically

y*%
^f

entomologist

phrenologist

La

^r_

mythology

Co

fc.

entomology

philology

Reading Exercise

x^y
S>

~9

A
cf^

A>

A^
?

A
r
"V

EIGHTEENTH LESSON

129

cX

y~^

_^

ff

f^
^y

Writing Exercise
'.
2.

The importance

of

punctuality

and

veracity
to

cannot

be

over

estimated.

Tenacity

of

purpose

and

fidelity
copy
of

the

interests

of

the

business
3.
sure

were qualities which

led to his in

rapid advancement.

In making The

a mimeographed

the tabulated report be

order. autograph

to arrange the statistics

professor

chronological

4. 5.
raphy.

of

biology

sent

me

an

copy

of

his book. A knowledge

of phonetics

is

an aid to

the

student of

phonog

raphy

In the capacity of athletic director the instructor of stenog showed great business ability. 7. We do not question his veracity, but it is necessary for him to go through the formality of filing a bond for security. 8. The stenographer should have a thorough familiarity with the spelling of important geographical names.
6.

NINETEENTH LESSON

Advanced Phrase Writing

150. Omission
of words should

of

Words.

The We

rules

for the

omission

in

phrase

writing

are of great

importance,
few

and

be carefully illustrations.
order

studied.

now give a

more

to

judge

~~^/

^or t^le I

time

t>emg
to

in
in

order to prepare

would

like

cf(y
I

know
would

order

to

see

like

to

have
-?-

on

the subject

am of

the opinion ^

question of

time

kindly let us know

bill
of particulars

sooner or

later

little little

or no

thanking
do

you

for '^T^y
"

your attention or

nothing

you

mean

to

in the in

matter

say

the market

in

such a manner

on the market

on

account

of

the

way

^P

up to the time

some

time

or other

130

NINETEENTH LESSON

131
as

151. Intersection.
section,
or

The for

expedient

known

inter

the writing
useful

of one character special

through another,

is
his
or

sometimes

phrases.

In applying

this expedient the

own

writer must

rely very
work

largely

upon

judgment.
which

In his

daily

as stenographer

reporter,

ness

in

he may find some terms peculiar to the busi he is engaged occurring so frequently

that

special

forms may be

adopted

for them

which will
often

be brief
the

and yet

absolutely distinctive.
through

Very

the

intersection

of one character

another will meet

exigency.

The

following
ff^

are useful examples:

A. D.

Democratic party
-&

A. M.
P. M.

Republican party Progressive party

political

C O. D.
price

^&y

party

list

if-

Baltimore & Ohio

(B.&O.)
list
price
/^-r'

New York Central Michigan Central

selling

price

market price

Illinois Central
Union Pacific

Chamber of Commerce

Board

of

Trade

Canadian Pacific
Northern Pacific Grand Trunk

Board of Education
Board
of

Managers

132
General Manager

GREGG SHORTHAND
inclosed blank
application

~A

Assistant General Manager

endowment

blank

(XLy

policy

~f

order

blank

indemnity
bank draft
vice versa

policy

Great Britain
bond
and mortgage

Associated Press

'

Ing-the, ing-that, ing-you, ing-your, ing-his, ing-their, ing-and, ing-this, ing-us, is expressed by writing, the word following ing in the ing position just as ington is expressed by writing ton in the ing position.
of

152. Indication

"ing.''

doing

the

knowing knowing knowing

working

the

doing his doing doing doing

your

their

this

*f)

their

and

this

^f>

having
having

the

giving the
giving their

their

having
coming

your

giving giving

you

and

us

seeing this
wishing that

A
A

mailing

you

NINETEENTH LESSON

133

153. Modification

of

Word Forms.

As previously
to
are useful

explained, the forms for

permit of phrase writing.

certain words are modified

The

following

illus

trations :

Week
past week

Possible
as soon as possible

last
this

week

as near as possible

week

least

possible

delay

next week

Early
at

for the
week

past

as

early

date

as

possible at
week

for last for for

this

your

early

conven

ience
at your earliest conven

week

ience
next week at
your

earliest

pos

sible convenience

Few

Sorry
I I
am

for

few

weeks

sorry to hear
sorry to learn sorry to hear
sorry to
report

for a few few

months

am

weeks ago

we are

few hours

ago

we are

we are

Ago
year or

sorry to say

two ago

am

very sorry

many

years ago

you will

be sorry

134
Esteemed
esteemed

.GREGG

SHORTHAND

favor

by this day's mail by by

<yreturn mail

youresteemedfavor cf

mail

esteemed

letter

by same mail by
early
mail

your esteemed

let

ter

i.

am

in

receipt of

your

esteemed

Course
of course
c'

letter

am

in

receipt of

your esteemed

favor
we are

AX

of course

it is

in

receipt of

your

esteemed

favor
we are

^^^~~A

as a matter of course

in receipt

of

your

esteemed

Fact
as a matter of

letter

fact

2-^?

Beg
I

call

your attention

beg beg

to

acknowl-

A-^

to the

fact

edge receipt

in

point of

fact
of

to

inclose
;

A
the

you

are

aware

the fact

beg to thank you beg to beg

to
acknowl-

am

aware of

we

<y>

fact
well-known

edge we
acknowl-

fact

edge receipt

A--~
be
sure

Sure

Mail

by this mail
by to-day't mail

to be sure

you

may be

sure

NINETEENTH LESSON

135

we are sure

2/

Account
on account of that

you will

be sure

Please
please

on account of

this

find inclosed
please

A^-^

on account of

my
the

inclosed
please

find

on account

of

fact
Thank

^A

let us hear from you be be

pleased

would

thanking

you

for

we will

pleased

thanking thanking
your

you

for for

your attention

Present
present

you

kind

atten

1^

time

tion

thanking
at the present time at the present
moment your

you

for

favor

thanking you for your letter

t-*~r-

I desire to
you

thank

on the present
occasion

C-^

I have for

to thank you

Class

Order
your order

first-class first-class
manner

we

have

your order

first-class condition
Again
over and over again

thanking

you

for

your order

7^

City
city city
of

Chicago
Boston

again and again

of

136
Department

GREGG SHORTHAND

Company
l~~A'

treasury
ment war

depart-

and

company company

department

railroad

navy department
post-office

~~f

express

company

depart

insurance company
transportation

ment
state

-y~>

department department

company
telephone

XA.
^

police

company

-y
.

fire department
legal department

electric

company

>

electrical

company

--^_

inquiry department
credit

-~9

trust company

-^~ff

department

shoe

department
depart-

furniture
ment

">-

purchasing
ment

depart-

^
depart

shipping depart
ment
mail order

ment

Avenue

Holder

Washington Avenue Wabash Avenue

^j
'O

stockholder

shareholder

Massachusetts Avenue

'O

policyholder

NINETEENTH LESSON

13";

Reading Exercise

138

GREGG SHORTHAND

<
f

<-f
J
-^

Writing Exercise
1.
requested we are sending you a copy of our list giving illustrations and full descriptions of all the articles now handle. If you are in the market for anything in our line should like to have our representative call on you with samples.

Gentlemen:

As

price we

we

Thanking
your

you

for the

inquiry
,7

and
,

hoping
yours,

to

be favored

with ,,-A\

order,

we are

Very truly

\P)

2.

Dear Sir:
city.
with

A few days
to
are

ago we received a you with

which you asked us

furnish

in this

We

sorry to

report

business
about

us and

that therefore
again

letter from you in information about a firm that this firm has never done we have no data in our files
that these people are
affairs are
we

it.

We have heard

and again as

doing
we

a good

business
at

and so

far

know their We

in

first-class

condition give you

the present time.

regret to state

that

cannot

further details. Yours very truly,

(99)
has just been
the exception
with

3.
of

Gentlemen:
This

Thank

you

for the
of

order

which

received.

order will

be filled
our

immediately
ship for
a

the second

item.

As be

supply

this article

exhausted we shall

unable to
will

is completely few days. We trust

you and

that this arrangement

you will not

be entirely satisfactory to be inconvenienced by the delay.

of our prompt attention at all

that

Assuring you

times,

we are

Very

respectfully yours,

(78)
243

TWENTIETH LESSON

Initials

A
B

H
<-

0
CO

Cs

V w
X

7
<^

X
sO

c
D

J
K
a

7
-^
^g.

Q
R

-?
j

Y
Z

0
"v

E
F G

S
T
.

X
^ .,

M
N

s*

if

154. It
context

should

be borne in

mind

that there is

no

to

initials.

with unusual care.

They should therefore be written Many writers prefer to write initials

a great
small

in longhand, be
effected

and

if this is done

saving in time may

by

writing them in

letters

and

joining

the

letters,

thus: C. D. Brown E. F. Jones

A. B. Smith
y

&*-'

4.

<U

C\
139

140

GREGG SHORTHAND

States and Territories

(The
contractions used are

those

adopted

by

the

Post-Office

Department.)

TWENTIETH LESSON

141

Principal Cities
(Arranged in
order of

population, 1910 census.)

Jersey City
Kansas

Memphis Scranton Richmond Paterson Omaha

City

x=, f~~

Seattle Indianapolis Providence

_-^7

Cincinnati

J-^

Newark New Orleans

Washington
-

">

Syracuse
New Haven Birmingham

Los Angeles
Minneapolis

142

GREGG SHORTHAND

erally be
as

155. The terminations burg, ville, field, port may gen expressed by the first letter, joined or disjoined
convenient;
and

ford, by fd.
Williamsport
-"r

Oxford Rockford

A-

X
7
156. A
and clear

Hanford Milford

<=?f

distinction

should

be

made

between ton

town. Johnstown Charleston

Johnston

CharlestowD

y
157. The joined.
names
of cities and

states

may

often

be

Buffalo,

N. Y.

Detroit, Mich.

Rochester, N. Y.
St.

Baltimore,

Md.

Louis, Mo.

Chicago, Denver,

111.

Minneapolis, Minn
St. Paul, Minn.

Colo.

Memphis, Tenn.
-7sf

Washington, D. C Boston, Mass.

Omaha, Nebr.

""";?

TWENTIETH

LESSOR

143
the
name of a

158. When
state,
omit

the

words

"State

of"

precede

of and join the words, if

State
of

convenient.

State
State State

of

New York

Massachusetts

of

Nebraska Illinois

f/
>-*

State State

of

Pennsylvania Louisiana

of

of

Points of the

Compass, Etc.

159. In
will

certain

lines

of

business the

following
~

forms

be found very

useful.

north

northeast

~f

south

<x

southeast

f
~fy-

east

northwestern

X^~

west

southwestern

northern

northeastern

-j?

f^

southern

southeastern

eastern

northwest quarter

g__

western

southwest quarter

A-

northwest

northeast quarter

southwest

Southeast quarter

144

GREGG SHORTHAND

General Rules

160. When the distinctive

word-form can

appearance of

the primitive to join to

be preserved, it is form the derivatives.

favorable
careless

allowable

nameless

fable

kill

nail

161. If it
precision <:an

should

be found desirable to indicate

any vowel,
a small

with

the

short sound of

curve

be

placed

beneath

the vowel.
onion
writ

minion

immigrate

Note:
a

This

expedient

is

seldom necessary.
words

It is useful, occasionally, to
-writ,
emigrate

make

clear

distinction between

like

return and
minion

and

immigrate,

and

between the diphthong

u and iu, as

in

162. The importance

when

following
of

words

are given

to

illustrate the
the line

placing the

second circle outside

two

circles are

joined.
payee

namely
-e?

daily
f

carry

-o
pie

yS kind

nigh

die
s"

--2>

TWENTIETH LESSON

145
of

163. There
several vowels

are a

in

succession

few infrequent words, consisting usually Indian names

to
write

in

which

it is
and

more convenient

the

letters sep
a

arately,

to

indicate their

connection

by drawing
yahoo

line

underneath.

Lehigh
*&

ayah

ocy

fa

164. In N
and

the termination
omitted.

"n-ment"

the

jog between
refinement

the-

M may be

assignment

consignment

2
discernment
adjournment

atonement

165. In the termination

agency

gency, the

N may be

omitted.

contingency

emergency

exigency

urgency

cogency

146

GREGG SHORTHAND

166. A very easy

and graceful

by joining S
sive.
expensive

to

without an angle

blend may be secured in the termination

expansive

offensive

defensive

y
167. The Scotch Welsh 11
may
or

be

expressed

German ch, the Irish gh, and the by a dot over k, g, and I,
Lough

respectively.

Loch

Ach

Llan

168. The

contracted

forms for hundred

these
words

and

thousand

are employed

only

where

are preceded as

by

numerals, the
several.

article a or some such

word,

few,

many,

Note the following.

Key: Thousands
were

of people visited

the Exposition

and

it was

said

that hundreds

turned

away.

Several hundred
of

came

to the convention.

I have disposed

of a

thousand

copies

the

magazine.

TWENTIETH LESSON

147

Reading Exercise

a
"

y<

-%

-y

-z^

tf^

yt=

c^

A,

y>

<v

-^

^
?j~,

^
f

Writing Exercise

1. 2.
were

In the United The far in

States, immigration
correctly

always

greatly

exceeds

emigration. election writs were

made

out

but

the

returns

excess of all expectations.

state of

3. 4.

The laws in the Almost The

New York differ from those in the

state of

Nebraska in this

respect. people
are

daily

many

killed

through the careless

ness of agents of

the electric railway

companies.

5.
give

payee of this
will

to us and

it

draft, Mr. J. M. Johnstown, is unknown be necessary for him to be identified before we can

him the

money.

The firm positively declined to accept the consignment of oranges from Florida. They claimed that this shipment had been
6.

damaged
as

on account of

the carelessness

in nailing the boxes

as well

by
7.

the unfavorable climatic condition

during

transit.

the manager,
matter

The urgency of the case called for emergency measures and Mr. R. K. Johnson, after an exhaustive study of the decided that the
plan proposed

by

one of

the agents,

Mr. D.

E. Hanford, is the only way

out of

the difficulty.

TWENTIETH LESSON

149

A Short Vocabulary
approval

casual-ly catalog

f
7~

approve

century
church

citizen

civil

civilization

/
^~4>

coincide

comparative

-cX
y
y*

conclusive

congregation

consonant

n~

conspicuous

2;

constant

cordial

corroborate

cosmopolitan

7
z

count

coupon

150
covenant

GREGG SHORTHAND
discover
disproportionate

executive

crucible

f(X
f*"

cultivation

-~-

-7

dissatisfac-

tion
curious
-tp

dividend

TWENTIETH LESSON inclosure incoherent

incompre

151

legislative

hensible indefatigable indis

pensable

yA

inherit

juxtaposition 4
L

laboratory
legislate
legislation

GREGG SHORTHAND

situation

<f

TWENTIETH LESSON

153

Shorthand

as a

Means of Mental Culture

see page

(For key,

154.)

X
2-

c
C*y-

~7

A
X
9
-

A-y

j,

h
7
>

cp^-

<

A
-y?

A
j
9
c
-

>Ay
A?~
02>

Gf

154

GREGG SHORTHAND

SHORTHAND AS A MEANS OF MENTAL

CULTURE
(Key
to Shorthand Plate
on page

153)

With books
and and of

shorthand

every

person

may form
own

his

own

reference

according to
printed

his

requirements,
printed

that
no

in the

same space as
of

though

they were
person

selection

books
such

would

contain who

and will

only

contain what

he be

wanted.

Any

collect

only for

brief time
useful

facts into

shorthand

as appear
over again

likely
is
so

to

what

collected,

will

in life, and sometimes read find the ideas secured

reading.

and

again

recurring in future
will
come

If this

selecting be continued, it
that every
newspaper so-called

to

be

recognized
and

or new

magazine

article,

not

a or

few less

of

the

books,

are

but
of

more

ingeniously
be

contrived

patch-work

old

ideas,

though them to

doubtless the
original

writer

in many

cases

believed
in know

and

the

reader will end

ing
our

ideas

whatever

from words, and will recognize them in dress they may be presented, just as we know
apart

friends

by

their

features, however they

may be

attired.

For

ideas,

as seen

felt in

the mind, are much

in print, heard in words, or like the stars many reflec

tions of a

few

originals.-

C. R. Needham.

SOME

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Mr.
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