Rodriguez, Marcel

APUSH Study Guide (Notes from Gilloglys Lectures) Adams-Onis Treaty ~ Adams had to deal with Natives in Florida that were harassing and attacking Americans ~ Says to Jackson Go handle the problem and Jackson crosses border to British officers in Spanish Florida ~ Jackson hangs British officials on Spanish soil ~ Calhoun sayas to blame everything on Jackson ~ Adams says to blame it on Spain ~ Florida goes to US when Adams goes to negotiate with Spain ~ Up until about 1825, Spain loses their empire Monroe Doctrine ~ Reaction to series of revolutions that turned Spains empire into little countries ~ Very loud bark from a very small dog-America didnt really have the power to back up their bold statement ~ Provision: No European colonization in the Americas ~ No trading of colonies between European powers ~ We will not intervene in affairs of Eastern Hemisphere as long as they do not interfere in ours. Henry Clay and The American System ~ High protective tariffs ~ Strong Bank of the USA ~ Federal funds for internal improvements Roads, trains, transportation ~ Connect Urban with Rural communities ~ We are met with a grand opportunity to tap into close-by markets and sell American products Panic of 1819 ~ Key Root causes Absence of Bank of the US State Banks printed money under the table and caused inflation Crash and defaulting on loans that state banks were giving, both business and individual failures Panic=depression=recession=economic downturn [according to Gillogly] During the Early 1800s ~ Jeffersonians are in power ~ Cheap land is being sold ~ Land Act of 1820, A dollar 25 an acre for 80 acres ~ American Dream? Total is exactly 100 dollars ~ Importance of Cotton ~ Yeoman farmer Jeffersonian ~ Grandfather in states as equal to others that are original ~ Very nearly Civil War right here ~ Missouri Compromise ~ Mason Dixon Line ~ Everything above 36o 30 is free country for slaves ~ Every time a free state enters the Union, a slave state must also enter ~ Thomas Malthus- historian and doomsayer ~ Cultural and Social History is in the textbook ~ King Cotton ~ Post Cotton-Gin Era ~ Roughly 2/3rds of all cotton was being produced in the South ~ Favorable balance of trade ~ The South failed to industrialize and urbanize

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~ If it aint broke, dont fix it ~ Tredagar Ironworks 1790s lasting to 1820-30s ~ Second Great Awakening Universal Salvation Biggest impact in the South Whole African American communities are converting to Christianity Mixture of white and black customs African American church is more group preaching Network of Sympathetic Southerners who let slaves run away- Underground Railroad People like John Brown want to go conduct people to freedom Henrys Freedom Box - Shipped himself to freedom, spent hours in a shipping crate Failure aobut everything he attempted except having children, John Brown Every slave revolt failed miserably Every slave rebellion created fear in Southerners Crackdown on all African Americans in the South Denmark Vesey would kill many whites and ran away to the North [Failed] Prossers Rebellion ~ Failed ~ 1,000 slave in the Rebellion ~ Led by Gabriel Prosser ~ Richmond, Virginia Nat Turners Rebellion ~ Well behaved slave, very religious, task labor ~ Rose up, killed dozens of white folk ~ Hid in the forest for a while, hiding out ~ Articulate, smart and knowledgeable ~ Nightmare of the South, ANY slave can revolt Planter Class and Paternalistic Ideology ~ Classic Southern Defense ~ Men have power in society, One big happy family ~ Routinely broken with selling family members ~ Arguments in favor of slavery, this was one of them ~ Extension of slavery ~ Sending spies, plant evidence, and send assassins up North to sabotage Free efforts ~ Gag Rule- Demanded that the US Postal service refuse to carry abolitionist mail. ~ Congressional rule that you cannot talk about abolishing slavery William Lloyd Garrison ~ Saw slavery as fundamental evil ~ Grimke sisters ~ Different from John Brown [Violent] John Marshalls American Justice System ~ Marbury v. Madison ~ Mculloch v. Maryland Chartered by Madison, 1816 Democratic Republicans Bank of the US/Branches of Government Tax Bank of US on property on which it resides Sorry state of Maryland, no dice. The power to destroy a part of government does not reside with states Tries to close book on debate of constitutionality of the Bank of the US

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Strengthened Central Government and Constitutionality Cohens v. Virginia ~ Cohens was selling illegal lottery tickets in Virginia, he was found guilty. ~ Appeal to Court of Appeals, guilty ~ Virginia State Supreme Court, guilty ~ US Supreme Court, guilty ~ THATS NOT THE POINT. ~ Point is Only the United States Supreme Court is the ultimate decision, The Federal Supreme Court is more powerful than the State Supreme Court. This decision strengthened the Federal Judiciary. Gibbons v. Ogden ~ Aaron Ogden had permission to be the only person who is allowed to collect taxes ~ Thomas Gibbons had a Federal Coasting License ~ Exceeded Jurisdiction ~ Only Congress has the right to regulate interstate commerce ~ Bring Authenticity of Federal Government strength Fletcher v Peck and Dartmouth v Woodward ~ Marshall gets a case 15 years or more in the making ~ Took Georgia State land and sold it to a land company ~ Cancelled contract and took the land ~ Establishes Sanctity of Contracts, no right to cancel that contract ~ Legislature cannot cancel a contract ~ Dartmouth- Expensive private essay ~ Trustees of Dartmouth college signed by King George granted to Trustees to run institution forever ~ New Hampshire wants it to be a public college ~ Contract is still legally binding even if the people that signed the contract are dead. Commonwealth v Hunt ~ Not US Supreme Court, State Supreme Court ~ Massachusetts State Supreme Court said that Unions are legal entities ~ Strikes are a legal means to working out change Charles Bridge v Warren Bridge ~ Robert Tawney; Tawney Decisions begin here ~ Close to Gibbons v Ogden in story ~ Bridge to charge tolls ~ Legislature cannot grant monopoly to an individual or an individual business. Ableman v Booth ~ Compromise of 1850 attempted to solve problems ~ Fugitive Slave Act required to assist the South in recapturing escaped slaves ~ Nullification of this Act ~ Proslavery Southerner Tawney handed down a ruling which strikes down personal liberty law US v America ~ Headed for Caribbean/Spanish slaves ~ Crash-lands into the US with no slave owners ~ No transatlantic slave trade, ended this practice ~ John Quincy Adams defended the slaves/ He was an Abolitionist Scott v Sanford ~ Slave by name of Dred Scott sues master for freedom ~ Scott sues because he was taken into free territory by his master ~ Sanford died, property passed to his wife, wife married abolitionist ~ Case was a SETUP ~ Dred Cannot sue, he is property ~ Freedom cannot be taken without due process of law

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If 15th amendment guarantees right to have property taken only with due process fo law, right to protect property and to go with the property. ~ Corrupt Bargain election Corrupt Bargain Election ~ Beginning of a new Era, Jackson ~ End of the Era of Good Feelings ~ 5 legitimate candidates ~ Constitution is clear, majority of electoral votes ~ 51% of electoral votes ~ Bicameral legislature ~ In the 2000 election, Bush v Gore, Ralph Nader watered down the election ~ Divisions within electorate, most, but not 51% ~ John C Calhoun is Vice President ~ Henry Clay gets to set the Agenda for the government ~ Corrupt bargain: Henry Clay threw support to John Quincy Adams to let him win. ~ Democratic Republicans ~ JQA is not a successful president, has a very neutral personality and does not do much Tariff of 1828/Tariff of Abominations ~ Obscenely high protective tariffs ~ Did in fact pass ~ JQA signed during an election year and it destroyed his public relations ~ Author of Federalist Papers ~ Champion of States rights ~ Most famous defense of nullification was the South Carolina Nullification Act ~ Important document, attached to Calhoun, Calhoun was also a writer ~ Published anonymously because he was the vice president of Adams and was the vice president elected by Jackson ~ Jackson shared Lincolns perspective Election of 1828 ~ Politics becomes deeply nasty ~ Jacksons wife is accused of being a whore/adulterer ~ Jackson wins, but his wife dies ~ Jackson goes into the White House a widower ~ Common man was the theme here, and with common sense, the government can be effectively. Jacksonian Democrats ~ Universal White Manhood suffrage- Eliminate property qualifications ~ Equality of Economic opportunity ~ Strict Constructionists ~ Political schizophrenia, Jackson frequently changed his views ~ Rotations in Office ~ Federal levels ~ Public decisions ~ More democratic ~ Distrustful of Large Corporations ~ Opposed to Bank of the US ~ To the Victor, got the spoils Civil Service, Spoils System ~ Strong Executive branch ~ Loyal Party base ~ Kitchen Cabinet was an unofficial cabinet that Jackson consulted when he needed to make important decisions ~ Next president, Van Buren, was included in the Kitchen Cabinet ~

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Webster Hayne Debate ~ High political Drama ~ 9 days of debating between Webster and Hayne ~ Huge numbers of people flocked to the area to listen ~ Cohens v Virginia was a well known case in which Hayne is a well known attorney ~ Debate over what the Public land should be/how it should be used ~ North v South, sectionalist tensions, issues brought up ~ Whether a state should be allowed to nullify a federal law was one of the main issues ~ Calhoun said nothing, was an unspoken voice, he doesnt want Jackson to know about nullification ~ States would have way too much power, federal government needs to be strong ~ Webster begins to preordain sectionalist tensions ~ Calhoun started to disagree with Jackson because Jackson was priming Van Buren as the next President. ~ Jackson finds out about Calhouns treachery by supplying Hayne with points and wrote the South Carolina nullification Act, he also told the government that Jackson should be responsible for the Spanish/Britain fiasco. ~ Jefferson Day Dinner Toast Maysville Road ~ Supposed to be constructed in Kentucky ~ Jackson vetoed Maysville Road Bill out of spite ~ The Bill was federally funded and it was sponsored by Henry Clay ~ Jackson makes a very personal agenda-y decision South Carolina Nullification Crisis ~ Damaging Cotton Price ~ Tariff of 1832 ~ Jackson like the idea and principles of the common man ideology Five Civilized Tribes ~ Accommodating tribes as opposed to Traditional tribes ~ Jefferson Administration brokered treaties such as the Indian Removal Act ~ Jackson did not believe that Natives are a federal issue ~ Intercourse Act/Removal Bill of 1830 ~ Indian Reserve was Oklahoma- the panhandle ~ Creek Indians were allowed to assimilate ~ 1832 uprising of Natives ~ Cherokee are hell bent on staying in their land. ~ State of Georgia says you have to get a permit from Georgia to go onto Indian land Cherokee Nation v Georgia ~ Furthers Sanctity of contracts ~ Not a real foreign country, citizen or corporation ~ Similar to Dred Scott in the fact that the Cherokees are not an entity that can sue ~ Trying to protect Native Americans, the Cherokee nation is established as a Domestic Dependant Nation Worchester Decision ~ No permit to go onto Indian land, Worchester goes onto Indian land -_- ~ State laws have no bearing on land of foreign nation, so it is protected ~ Mculloch v Maryland ~ John Marshall dies; Tawney is put into the Supreme Court. ~ Two groups form from this, the Ridge group that wants the Indians to remain on the land; and the Ross Group that wants them off. ~ In 1835, the Ridge group meets in secret and the Treaty of 1835is signed. ~ The Ridge group signs for all Cherokees, even though this was not agreed upon ~ Kicked out of the land for money. Ross group refuses to go. ~ Van Buren is blamed for the Trail of Tears ~ General Winfield Scott oversaw the Trail of Tears

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Unhealthy conditions in Trail of Tears camps Horrible hygiene conditions Van Buren Administration ~ Panic of 1837- Presides over, blamed, not his fault ~ Trail of Tears- Presides, blamed for, not his fault ~ Independent Treasury- Scrooge McDucks money bin/ glorified piggy bank ~ Opposed to Jacksons pet banks ~ Money needs to circulate in order to have dynamic growth Whig Political Party ~ Whigs were the name of a British political Party ~ Whigs wanted the Kings power to be weakened, American Whigs wanted Jacksons power to be weakened ~ Maysville Road Bill and the Bank of the US were both supported by Whigs Election of 1840 ~ High Protective Tariffs ~ American System ~ Bank of the US ~ William Henry Harrison was a candidate in the election ~ The Political campaign was bogus and Harrison won the election ~ Long inaugural address in rain turns into pneumonia ~ Tyler takes over the Presidency ~ Only President in history to serve in the Congress of another country. Tylers Presidency ~ President that was not supposed to be president ~ Preemption act of 1841 Similar to Homestead Act American Systemish ~ Polk wins election of 1844 ~ Pro slavery pro extension of Slavery Transportation ~ Shift to Cash economy ~ Industrial Cash Economy ~ Industrialization ~ Commercialization ~ Canals and Turnpikes are big businesses ~ Turnpike is a toll road ~ Canals predate steamboats and were very helpful to local merchants ~ Turnpikes are privately constructed roads need capital ~ Most of the early nations infrastructures built like this, with private capital ~ National Road was put in the Maysville Road Bill ~ Robert Fultons Steamboat demonstrated the profitability of commercialization ~ Sultana, a steamboat, exploded April 27th, 1869; 1700 people were killed. ~ Erie Canal was a huge project that brought much revenue and wealth to nearby cities ~ New York City began to really become wealthy and began expanding its market Anti-Immigrant Sentiments ~ Anti Irish sentiments began to crop up because the Irish needed labor and they were willing to work cheaply, after a potato famine in the mother country decimated the crops ~ Catholicism reigned supreme among Irish peoples ~ Irish drank a lot ~ Because they were usually rejected by the American peoples, they created ghettos where they would live ~ A political party, the No-Nothing Party, was anti-immigrant, and was founded Railroads ~ Railroads began to really take hold in 1820, and there were a few prototypes out on the market.

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Track gauge was a major problem in the early railroads because there was no standard track gauge ~ Transportation was a major instrument in manifest destiny because we could now spread all throughout the country and go inland without fear Opportunities and Market Revolutions ~ Efficient, the Outwork System allowed contractors to contract farmers and families to create pieces and have them all send them to another group of laborers to assemble them ~ Interchangeable parts were big business because now you did not have to buy a whole new item; you could just buy a part that you need to replace ~ Mechanic that lived in England, an engineer named Sam Slater emigrated to America and sold the plans to machines. Slater created the first industrial mill. ~ Labor force was women and children, main power was water, and they were usually set up in small towns. ~ The abundant natural resources and labor made it easy to profit Lowell Mills and Market Revolution ~ Women begin to get their own wages, they wanted to be free and not have so much control extended on them ~ Middle classes began to spring up ~ Changes are made to the economic class, and it becomes easier to traverse the economic ladder Names and Nouns to Remember Rockefeller Vanderbilt Bookkeepers Middle Class Mechanics/Engineers Sam Slater Religion ~ Lyman Beecher was a traveling prophet who preached that God is a loving, forgiving, deity ~ Charles Grandeson Finney was another religious figure who preached the Priesthood of the Individual ideals ~ Changing the way that children are raised, such as beating the sin out of them ~ Literary Writers Emerson Thoreau Margaret Fuller Walt Whitman ~ The Dial was a magazine that was one of the most influential transcendentalist papers of the day Reform Movements ~ Horace Mann- Massachusetts Secretary that increased and helped with standards of pay, instruction ~ New middle class opportunities began to arise ~ Catherine Beecher was an educational reformer who wanted early childhood education and created Kindergarten for small children ~ Oberland College was the first college to accept African American men and Women ~ The Temperance movement was one that tried to keep the country from drinking too much and to commit to moderate. ~ Neil S Dow from the state of Maine tried to pass a law that prohibited alcohol entirely, but it did not pass. ~ Dorthea Dix was an asylum reformer who showed the horrible conditions that the people were in and made sure that they were cared for.

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Communitarian Experiments ~ Changes that were brought about during the Market Revolution ~ Most people were reformers that wanted to set an example for the rest of the country ~ In New Harmony, Indiana, the Owenites were a briefly successful experiment that ended up failing, but set the precedent for others. ~ Brooke Farm was another experiment that failed, but this time because nobody wanted to farm anything and invest any time in it. It was, however, full of intellectuals, and was extremely productive, philosophically speaking. ~ Phalanx Community, everyone knows each other ~ John Humphry Noyes had strong religious units and thought that society as a base was flawed. He believed in complex marriage [all men are married to all women vice versa] ~ Shakers and Mormons were the most successful economically speaking ~ Shakers were founded by Mother Ann Lee ~ Lee claimed that she was the female half of a duality of God. ~ Shakers are celibate and are process oriented, rather than product oriented. ~ Mormons were founded by Joseph Smith, who claimed to get a vision from an angel named Moroni and founded the Mormon Church. ~ Polygamy was the biggest issue at hand here, and the government did not like this, as well as other neighboring communities. Names and Nouns to Remember Benjamin Lundy- Quaker The Genius of Universal Emancipation William Lloyd Garrison- Abolitionist Theodore Weld-Moderate Abolitionist Grimke Sisters-Angelina and Sarah, big abolitionists James G. Birney-former slave owners, isolate slavery Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Seneca Falls Convention, Temperance movement Lucretia Mott- Seneca Falls Convention, Quaker Susan B. Anthony- Womens Rights Activist

These are all of the notes that I have. This doesnt go all the way to the End of Chapter 14, but it covers a lot. Use this if you want to, but be sure to review everything after this as well. Good Luck.