STATISTICS

NAME : SITI AINA AZIRA ZAMZURI CLASS : 5 AWAM I TEACHER : PN. ROSMAWANIE

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION APPRECIATION PART A PART B PART C FURTHER EXPLORATION REFLECTION CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while we are in Form 5.This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education has prepared four tasks for us. We are to choose and complete only ONE task based on our area of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, and I gladly choose to do this individually. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, we are to gain valuable experiences and able to: iety of problem solving strategies to solve routine and nonroutine problems meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills. e and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected that stimulates and enhances effective learning. use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely nowledge and skills through problem-solving in ways that increase interest and confidence -life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics. cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment appropriately and effectively more creative and innovative

We are expected to submit the project work within three weeks from the first day the task is being administered to us. Failure to submit the written report will result in us not receiving certificate.

APPRECIATION

First and foremost, I would like to thank my Additional Mathematics teacher, Mrs. Rosmawanie as she gives us important guidance and commitment during this project work. She has been a very supportive figure throughout the whole project. I also would like to give thanks to all my group discussion member, Ainur, Aida, Hidayah, Syakirah and Balqis for sharing information, helping and always supporting me to help complete this project work. They have done a great job at collecting form 4 end of year result for additional mathematics and sharing information with other people including me. Without them this project would never have had its conclusion. For their strong support, I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents. Also for helping me to find the mark to complete this project. They have always been by my side and I hope they will still be there in the future. Last but not least, I would also like to thank all the teacher and my friend for helping me collect the much needed data and statistics for this. Not forgetting too all the other people who were involved directly or indirectly towards making this project a reality. I thank you all ..

PART A

The first reason is to be able to effectively conduct research. Without the use of statistics it would be very difficult to make decisions based on the data collected from a research project. For example, in the study cited in Chapter One, is the difference in recorded absenteeism between psychiatric and obstetrics nurses large enough to conclude that there is meaningful difference in absenteeism between the two units? There are two possibilities: The first possibility is that the difference between the two groups is a result of chance factors. In reality, the two jobs have approximately the same amount of absenteeism. The second possibility is that there is a real difference between the two units with the psychiatric unit being more nurses missing work. Without statistics we have no way of making an educated decision between the two possibilities. Statistics, however, provides us with a tool to make an educated decision. We will be able to decide which of the two possibilities is more likely to be true. We will base this decision on our knowledge of probability and inferential statistics. A second point about research should be made. It is extremely important for a researcher to know what statistics they want to use before they collect their data. Otherwise data might be collected that is un interpretable. Unfortunately, when this happens it results in a loss of data, time, and money. Now many a student may by saying to themselves: "But I never plan on doing any research." While you may never plan to be involved in research, it may find its way into your life. Certainly, it you decide to continue your education and work on a masters or doctoral degree, involvement in research will result from that decision. Secondly, more and more work places are conducting internal research or are becoming part of broader research studies. Thus, you may find yourself assigned to one of these studies. Finally, many classes on the undergraduate level may require you to conduct research (for example, a research methods or experimental psychology course). In each of these instances, a knowledge of measurements and statistics will be invaluable. The second reason to study statistics is to be able to read journals. Most technical journals you will read contain some form of statistics. Usually, you will find them in something called the results section. Without an understanding of statistics, the information contained in this section will be meaningless. An understanding of basic statistics will provide you with the fundamental skill necessary to read and evaluate most results sections. The ability to extract meaning from journal articles and the ability to critically evaluate research from a statistical perspective are fund a mental skills that will enhance your knowledge and understanding in related course work. The third reason is to further develop critical and analytic thinking skills. Most students completing high school and introductory undergraduate coursework have at their disposal a variety of critical thinking and analytic skills. The study of statistics will serve to enhance and further develop these skills. To do well in statistics one must develop and use formal logical thinking abilities that are both high level and creative.

EXAMPLE OF STATISTIC GRAPH:

PART B (I)
Frequency Table

MARKS 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90

FREQUENCY 5 11 7 2 1 2 2 0 2

Bar Graph
NUMBER OF STUDENT
12

10

NUMBER OF STUDENT

0 1..10 11..20 21..30 31..40 41..50 51..60 61..70 71..80 81..90

Pie Chart
NUMBER OF STUDENT

1..10 11..20 21..30 31..40 41..50 51..60 61..70 71..80 81..90

Line Graph
NUMBER OF STUDENT
12

10

NUMBER OF STUDENT

0 1..10 11..20 21..30 31..40 41..50 51..60 61..70 71..80 81..90

(II) THREE measures of central tendencies

MODE 11 (from the bar graph)

MEDIAN 41-50

MEAN Midpoint,x 5.5 15.5 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 TOTAL
MEAN = 90632 = 28.313
The mean is not suitable since the number of student cannot be a decimal. The most suitable measure of central tendency is either the mode or median.

Frequency,f 5 11 7 2 1 2 2 0 2 32

fx 27.5 170.5 178.5 71 45.5 111 131 0 171 906

(III) 1. RANGE = midpoint of highest class-midpoint of lowest class = 85.5-5.5 = 80

When comparing the range of two sets of data, the set with a greater range is said have a greater variation or dispersion. Thus, the range of this overall data have a greater dispersion.

2. STANDART DEVIATION

Midpoint,x Frequency,f 5.5 5 15.5 11 25.5 7 35.5 2 45.5 1 55.5 2 65.5 2 75.5 0 85.5 2 TOTAL 32
=(12752332)-(28.313)2 =3985.094-801.626 =3183.468 =56.422

fx 27.5 170.5 178.5 71 45.5 111 131 0 171 906

fx2 756.25 29070.25 31862.25 5041 2070.25 12321 17161 0 29241 127523

The standard deviation answer is getting from the square root of a variance which is also a measure of dispersion that has same unit as each value of data.

a) MARKS MIDPOINT,x FREQUENCY,f

Fx

(fx)2

1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 TOTAL

5.5 15.5 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5

5 11 7 2 1 2 2 0 2 32

27.5 756.25 170.5 29070.25 178.5 31862.25 71 5041 45.5 2070.25 111 12321 131 17161 0 0 171 29241 906 127523

b) My TOV mark is higher than all three measure of central tendencies. So, my result is increase based on the comparison. PART C

1) Hours, x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Marks, y 10 20 30 40 55 60 75 80 85 90

2)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

marks

Based on the graph above, it is positive linear correlation which 0 < r < 1.

n 1

x 1

y 10

xy 10

X2 1

Y2 100

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 55

20 30 40 55 60 75 80 85 90 540

40 90 160 275 360 525 640 765 900 3740

4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 385

400 900 1600 2500 3600 5625 6400 7225 8100 36450

Pearson correlation coefficient ,

r= SxySxSy
= 10(3740)-[(55)(540)][10(385)-(552)][10(36450)-(5402)]

= 7700(825)(72900) = 77007755.16 = 0.9227887 The range of the correlation coefficient is from 1 to 1. Since our result is 0.992887, we can conclude that the strength of the linear relationship between x and y is strong. Based on data above, I am agreed if more time is taking to make revision in additional mathematics, more mark will get.

bi)

xy

X2

Y2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 55

10 20 30 40 55 60 75 80 85 90 540

10 40 90 160 275 360 525 640 765 900 3740

1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 385

100 400 900 1600 2500 3600 5625 6400 7225 8100 36450

X = 5510 = 5.5 Y = 54010 = 54

y = mx+c where m = = [(374010)-(5.5)(5.4)][(38510)-(5.52)] = 778.25 = 9.33 2)

sxysx

3i) Prediction of score for student who spent 7 hours

per week is 68%.

(ii)
Regression analysis is widely used for prediction, where its use has substantial overlap with the field of machine learning. Regression analysis is also used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the dependent variable, and to explore the forms of these relationships. So, Im agreed that least square regression line is suitable in help me for prediction.

FURTHER EXPLORATION x y 1.2 9.13 2.4 3.23 2.8 2.56 3.5 1.85 3.9 1.56 4.3 1.35

1) yxa = b log10 yxa = log10 b log10 y + log10 xa = log10 b log10 y + a log10 x = log10 b log10 y = -a log10x + log10 b

a = (0.96-0.13)(1.2-4.3) a = 2.51 log10 y = 2.51 log10 x + log10 b log10 0.913 = 2.51 log10 1.2 + log10 b 0.9605 = 0.1987 + log10 b log10 b = 0.9605-0.1987 b = 100.7698 b = 5.886

REFLECTION

CONCLUSION
After doing research, answering questions, drawing graphs and some problem solving, I saw that the usage of statistics is important in daily life. It is not just widely used in markets but also in interpreting the condition of the surrounding like the air or the water. Especially in conducting an air-pollution survey. In conclusion, statistics is a daily life necessity. Without it, surveys cannot be conducted, the stock market cannot be interpret and many more. Therefore, we should be thankful of the people who contribute in the idea of statistics.