WINDOWS NT BASICS

Table of Contents
Chapter 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Overview of Windows NT

1-1

Windows 95 and Windows NT 1-2 NT Server and NT Workstation 1-3 Types of NT Server 1-4 License Management 1-5 Work Group and Domain 1-7 Management Tools 1-9

Chapter 2 User Management

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 What is a user account? Creating a user account Managing a user account What is a group account? Creating a group account Managing a group account Managing multiple accounts

2-1
2-2 2-4 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11

Chapter 3 Resource Management

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

3-1

File System 3-2 NTFS Permission 3-4 Setting NTFS Permission 3-7 Copying and Moving a File or Folder 3-9 Shared Folder 3-10 Shared Folder Permission 3-11 Setting a Shared Folder 3-13 Accessing to a Shared Folder 3-16 Printer Management 3-17

Chapter 4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Network Resource Monitor

4-1

Audit 4-2 Setting Up for Audit 4-3 Event Viewer 4-6 Using the Event Viewer 4-8

Chapter 5 Tools
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6

5-1

Task Manager 5-2 Windows NT Diagnostic Program 5-3 Performance Monitor 5-4 Network Monitor Tool 5-5 Disk Administrator 5-6 Server Tools 5-7

Chapter 1 Overview of Windows NT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Windows 95 and Windows NT NT Server and NT Workstation Types of NT Server License Management Work Group and Domain Management Tools

1.1 Windows 95 and Windows NT

History of the network OS
1981 1984 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

OS
1.0 3.1 1.0 5.0 3.1 6.2

Network support OS
Windows95 Windows98

MS-DOS

MS-Windows

WindowsNT
3.1 3.5 3.51 4.0 5.0

LanManager MS-Networks Netware386 Netware

1.0 2.0 2.1 2.2

Netware
4.0 4.1

IntranetWare

Network OS

n Microsoft OSs Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, etc.

Memo

n Features of Windows 95 Derived form MS-DOS to Windows 3.1, then to Windows 95. Highly compatible with currently available software and hardware. Provides the plug-and-play and APM functions.
Plug-and-play A function to automatically detect and configure hardware devices. APM Advanced Power Management

n Windows NT Developed separately as a 32-bit OS. Provides the multi-user environment. Provides a user interface similar to Windows 95. Available in 2 types: NT Server and NT Workstation.
Multi-user An environment that allows multiple users to use a single computer by providing each user with his own work environment.

1-2

1.2 NT Server and NT Workstation

NT Workstation Best suited for a user to use applications NT Server Optimized as a server in a network environment.

n NT Workstation Tuned in an assumption that applications will be running.

Memo

n NT Server Optimized as a file, print, or application server used in a network environment. Provides the user management function (NTDS) in a network environment.
NTDS windows NT Directory Service A system to provide management of a network environment using a distributed database. Domain management is also available.

1-3

1.3 Types of NT Server

Small Business Server Provides integrated applications with NT. NT Server Enterprise Edition Designed to be used for large-scale backbone works.

n NT Server packages In addition to a standard package, multiples packages are available in accordance with network scales.

Memo

n Small Business Server Windows NT Server integrated with an electronic mail function, a groupware, databases, a Internet server, a home page design tool, an Internet connection gateway function, a FAX server, a centralized management tool, and others.

n Windows NT Server, Enterprise Edition 4.0 Designed to be used for large-scale backbone works.

Tips Although the prices of personal computers and peripheral devices have been lowered, the costs of management and operations, including software upgrades, employment of support personnel, and problem solutions, are becoming rather expensive due to complexity of the system. This has triggered business users to place much interest in TCO.

1-4

1.4 License Management (1)

NT Server
A single user accesses A single user accesses to multiple folders. to multiple folders.

NT Server

A single user accesses A single user accesses to aasingle folder via to single folder via multiple computers. multiple computers. Text

Text

Data

n Access license Using NT Server resources via a network requires a separate client access license.

Memo

n What is an access license? Using resources via a network is called a connection and each connection requires a license.

n License tool A tool for license management is provided.

1-5

1.4 License Management (2)

License mode
Number of Number of concurrent users concurrent users Number of Number of concurrent users concurrent users

2 2 2 2

NT Server

4 (22) 4 (22) 2 2

Number of Number of connected clients connected clients

Number of Number of connected clients connected clients

NT Server

NT Server

n License mode There are 2 license grant modes available: number of concurrent users and number of connected clients. n Number of concurrent users Provides the same number of licenses as the number of accesses per server.

Memo

n Number of connected clients Provides the same number of licenses as the number of clients in a network.

n Changing license mode Available only one time from the number of concurrent users to the number of connected clients.

1-6

1.5 Work Group and Domain (1)

User management Available from 2 aspects: a work group and a domain. Work group User data is managed by each computer.
User data

Work group model

User data

n Window NT user management Windows NT user management is provided form 2 aspects: a work group and a domain.

Memo

n Work group A logical group for providing a list of computers and users.
User authentication A process to verify whether to give a permission to a user attempting to use a Windows NT server. This process is performed every time a user attempts to use a Windows NT server.

User data is stored in each computer for user management and user authentication.

1-7

1.5 Work Group and Domain (2)

Domain model
User data Ba ckup Domai n C ont rolle r (BDC) Primary Domain Cont roller (PDC)

Added

Directory User data A copy of the database

User data

Automatically copied.

Directory database

n Domain model A logical group for computer and user management.

Memo

The whole user data is exclusively managed by a domain controller.

Applicable to large networks.

Tips You must determine an application of a Window NT server at installation. You may use it as a PDC or BDC for domain management, a member server, or a computer called a stand alone server. To change the application, you must reinstall the Window NT server.

1-8

1.6 Management Tools

Management tools

A set of tools for computer and domain management.

User Manger for Domains Performs user management tasks.

n Windows NT management Management tools to be used by a system administrator are available by selecting [Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common)].

Memo

Frequently used management tools (1) User Manager for Domains

(2) Disk Administrator

(3) Server Manager

(4) Event Viewer

(5) Performance Monitor

1-9

Chapter 2 User Management

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What is a user account? Creating a user account Managing a user account What is a group account? Creating a group account Managing a group account Managing multiple accounts

2.1 What Is a User Account? (1)

User account Unique identification of a user Built-in account User accounts provided by the system.

n User account Unique identification of a user. Required when a user attempts to use a computer or to use resources of other computer via a network. One account is required per user.

Memo

n Built-in account User accounts provided by the system.

n Administrator An account for an administrator.

n Guest An account for a temporary user of the system.

Tips Since the Administrator account is highly privileged, a mistake in operation with this account for ordinary operations may cause a serious problem. To avoid this to happen, an administrator is provided with a user account to perform ordinary operations as well as the Administrator account to perform only management tasks.

2-2

2.1 What Is a User Account? (2)

Domain
BDC A copy of the master directory database PDC Master directory database

Domain user accounts

Domain user accounts

The database is copied. Available to the whole domain.

Local directory database

Local user accounts

Available only to a local computer.

n Place to save user accounts User accounts are classified into domain user accounts and local user accounts.

Memo

n Domain user accounts Available to the whole domain.

n Local user accounts Available only to a specific computer.

Specific computer Windows NT Server installed as a member server or a computer running Window NT Workstation.

Tips It takes a few minuets for the database on the BDC to synchronize with the PDC. Thus a user data just created will not be copied and a new user may not log in for a while. When this happens, you can use the server manager to copy the database manually.

2-3

2.2 Creating a User Account (1)

n Procedure to create a user account Start the user manager for domains. Click on [New User...] from [User] menu. Enter configuration data. (1) Username (2) Full Name (3) Description (4) Password (5) Confirm Password (6) User Must Change Password at Next Logon (7) Password Never Expires (8) Account Disabled Press [Add] button.

Memo

User Manager for Domain Use the user manager on a Windows NT workstation.

Account Disabled This setup item for a built-in account Guest is enabled.

2-4

2.2 Creating a User Account (2)

Logon hours Workstation to log on

n Logon hours Setup procedure for the logon hours (1) Click on [Hours] in the [New User] dialog box. (2) Select hours to prohibit logon by dragging on bars and click on [Disallow]. (3) Click on [OK].

Memo

n Workstation to log on Setup procedure for a workstation to log on (1) Click on [Logon to] in the [New User] dialog box. (2) Click on [User May Log On To These Workstations]. (3) Enter up to 8 computer names. You must enter at least one. (4) Click on [OK].

2-5

2.2 Creating a User Account (3)

Account information Dial-in access right

n Account information Set 2 items related to an account. (1) Valid period of an account

Memo

(2) Account type

Setup procedure for the account information (1) Click on [Account] in the [New User] dialog box. (2) Click on [Account Expires] and enter a date. (3) Check [Local Account] to define it as a local account. n Dial-in access right Setup procedure for the dial-in access right (1) Click on [Dialin] in the [New User] dialog box. (2) Check [Grant dialin permission to user]. (3) Configure the Call Back option and press [OK].
Call Back A process in which an RAS server that received a call disconnects the call and calls a client computer to make a connection.

2-6

2.3 Managing a User Account

n Changing the user account information Start the user manager for domains. Select a user account and click on [Properties...] in [User] menu.

Memo

n Deleting an account Procedure to delete an account (1) Start the user manager for domains and select a user account. (2) Press [Delete] key or select [Delete] from [User] menu.

n Changing a user account name Start the user manager for domains. Select a user account and click on [Rename...] in [User] menu.

Tips Window NT manages accounts using unique numbers called S-IDs (Security IDs), which makes a new account created using a previously delete account name to handled as a separate user account. Until you are sure that you can really delete an account, you should check [Account Disallow] to prevent the account from being used and save it.

2-7

2.4 What Is a Group Account?

Domain
A copy of the master directory database Master directory database

BDC
Global group accounts

PDC
Global group accounts
.

.
Local group accounts

Local group accounts

The database is copied.

Local directory database

Available only to domain controllers.

Available to the whole domain.

Local group accounts

Available only to a local computer.

n What is a group account? A group account is a set of user accounts.

Memo

n Local group Many include user accounts and global accounts.

Created in the local directory database or the master directory database on the PDC.

n Global group May only include user accounts of a domain to which a group is registered.

Created in the master directory database on the PDC.

2-8

2.5 Creating a Group Account

n Creating a local/global group Creating a global group (1) Click on [New Global Group...] in [User] menu. (2) Enter a group name and a brief description in the [New Global Group] dialog box. (3) Select a user to include in a group from [Not Members] list and click on the [<-Add] button. (4) Click on [OK]. Creating a local group (1) Click on [New Local Group...] in [User] menu. (2) Enter a group name and a brief description in the [New Local Group] dialog box. (3) Click on the [<-Add] button. (4) Select a user to include in a group from [Name] list in the [Add Users and Groups] dialog box and click on the [Add] button. (5) Click on [OK].

Memo

2-9

2.6 Managing a Group Account

n Changing the group account information Start the user manager for domains. Select a user account and click on [Properties...] in [User] menu.

Memo

n Deleting a group account Procedure to delete a group account (1) Start the user manager for domains and select a group account. (2) Press [Delete] key or select [Delete] from [User] menu. (3) Click on [OK].

n Changing a group name You can not change any group name.

2-10

2.7 Managing Multiple Accounts (1)

n Improving efficiency in account creation by a user Use of a template account

Memo

n Procedure to create and use a template Creation of a template

Use of a template

2-11

2.7 Managing Multiple Accounts (2)

n Changing multiple user accounts Multiple user settings may be changed at once.

Memo

Procedure to change multiple accounts

(1) Start the user manager for domains and select all user accounts of which information you want to change.

(2) Click on [Properties] in [User] menu.

2-12

Chapter 3 Resource Management

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. File System NTFS Permission Setting NTFS Permission Copying and Moving a File or Folder Shared Folder Shared Folder Permission Setting a Shared Folder Accessing to a Shared Folder Printer Management

3.1 File System (1)

File system FAT, NTFS, and CDFS are supported. FAT Supported by many OSs. NTFS Windows NT proprietary file system Provides a security function

n File system Windows NT supports 3 file systems: FAT, NTFS, and CDFS (CD-ROM).

Memo

n FAT Supported by OSs such as Windows NT, Windows 95, MS-DOS, and OS/2.

FAT File Allocation Table Windows NT 4.0 does not support FAT32, the latest version of FAT. NTFS windows NT File System

n NTFS Supported only by Windows NT. An access right may be set per file.

Tips When using Windows NT in a multi-boot environment, no access can be made to a partition using the NTFS from any other OS. NTFS can not be used for a start-up drive.

3-2

3.1 File System (2)

CONVERT.EXE A tool to convert from FAT to NTFS

n CONVERT.EXE Converts the file system from FAT to NTFS while maintaining partition information.

Memo

To convert (1) Start [Console]. (2) Enter CONVERT <drive_name:> /FS:NTFS and press [Enter]. where <drive_name> is an FAT drive to convert. Example: CONVERT E: /FS:NTSF (to convert E drive)

3-3

3.2 NTFS Permission (1)

NTFS permission Restricts access to files and folders.
Read Write

Write/Execute Delete/Execute

Change Permissions Delete/Take Ownership

n What is an NTFS permission? A function to restrict access to files and folders on an NTFS formatted drive.

Memo

n Permission types and available operations Read (R)

Write (W)

Execute (X)

Delete (D) Change Permissions (P) Take Ownership (O)

Ownership The NTFS holds information called owner for each file and folder. Usually an owner of a file is the one who creates it, but another user with ownership may become an owner. An owner has a right to change the permission to a file when he wishes.

3-4

3.2 NTFS Permission (2)

File permission
Target user Permissions to access to the folder Permissions to access files to be created in the folder.

Folder permission
Everyone
Add and Read (RWX)(RX)

Everyone
New file

Read (RX)

n File permission File permission types (1) No Access (None) (2) Read (RX) (3) Change (RWXD) (4) Full Control (All)

Memo

n Folder permission Folder permission types (1) No Access (None) (None) (2) List (RX) (Not Specified) (3) Add (WX) (Not Specified) (4) Add & Read (RWX) (RX) (5) Change (RWXD) (RWXD) (6) Full Control (All) (All)

3-5

3.2 NTFS Permission (3)

User and group setup (1)

GROUP1 Change (RWXD) USER1

Read (RX) File and folder setup (1)

USER3 No Access (None)

User and group setup (2)

USER3 Full Control (All)

GROUP2 Change (RWXD) GROUP3 No Access (None) USER2

Read (RX)

n User and group setup Permission may be given to a user and a group to which the user belongs. (1) If Read (RX) permission is given to USER1 and Change (RWXD) permission is given to GROUP1 to which USER1 belongs, Change (RWXD) will be applied to USER1. (2) If Read (RX) permission is given to USER2 and Change (RWXD) and No Access (None) are given respectively to GROUP2 and GROUP3 to which USER2 belongs, No Access (None) will be applied to USER2. n File and folder setup The file permission has higher priority than the folder permission. Therefore, specifying a full path name to a file allows you to access the file regardless of the permission of the parent folder. (1) If a folder with No Access to USER3 contains a file with Full Control permission to USER3, Full Control permission to the file will be given to USER3.

Memo

3-6

3.3 Setting NTFS Permission (1)

Prerequisite for permission setup Must be an owner of a file or folder or capable of changing the permission. Default permission

n Prerequisite for permission setup To set a permission to a file or folder, you must be its owner or hold either of the following permissions: (1) Full Control (2) Special access permission to change the permission

Memo

n Default permission Formatting a drive with the NTFS assigns Full Control permission to the group Everyone.

Tips The NTFS permissions include Special Accesswith which an administrator can combine permissions to set a unique permission. This permission is used for special purposes, such as giving ownership to another user.

3-7

3.3 Setting NTFS Permission (2)

n Setting a permission to a file or folder Procedure to set a permission to a file or folder (1) Right-click on a folder or file in Explorer and click on [Properties] (2) Click on the [Security] tab in the Properties dialog box, then click on [Permission]. (3) Click on [Add...] to add users or groups to which you set a permission. (4) In the Add Users and Groups dialog box, select a user(s) or group(s) and set a permission to it (them).

Memo

3-8

3.4 Copying and Moving a File or Folder

Change of permission

Copying and moving a file

Copy
Change (RWXD) New permission

Move
Change (RWXD) Change (RWXD)

n Change of permission Copying or moving a file or folder may change its permission and ownership.

Memo

n Copying a file or folder Takes over a permission of the destination folder.

Gives ownership to a user who copied it.

n Moving a file or folder Maintains an access permission of the source folder if moving was carried out in the same drive.

Takes over a permission of the destination folder just like copying if moving was carried out between drives.

3-9

3.5 Shared Folder

Sharing service Allows a user to set folders and printers as a shared resource.
Shared resource

Print request

n Sharing service Sharing is a function of Window NT and Windows 95 to offer resources to other computers via a network.

Memo

Folders and printers may be set as a shared resource.

n Shared folder Sharing a folder allows a user to access to network applications, data, and a home holder.

3-10

3.6 Shared Folder Permission (1)

Shared folder permission Restricts access to a shared folder.
Full Control

Change

Read

No Access

n What is a shared folder permission? A function to restrict access to a shared folder.

Memo

n Permission types and available operations No Access

Read (RX)

Change (RWXD)

Full Control (RWXDPO)

3-11

3.6 Shared Folder Permission (2)

Combination of shared folder permission with NTFS permission

USER1 Full Control

USER1 Read (RX)

USER1 Change (RWXD)

n User and group setup Permission may be given to a user and a group to which the user belongs.

Memo

n Combination of shared folder permission with NTFS access permission Sharing a folder on an NTFS volume allows you to set 2 types of restriction: NTFS permission and shared folder permission. (1) If a shared folder with Full Control permission contains a file with Read NTFS permission to USER1, USER1 will have Read permission to the file.

Tips Setting a different permission type for the NTFS and shared folder permissions will complicate management. Since the NTFS permission is good for remote and local access, it is better to give Full Control permission to a shared folder and restrict access to it with the NTFS permission, which will simplify management operations while maintaining security.

3-12

3.7 Setting a Shared Folder (1)

Prerequisite for sharing Must belong to a group with permission to share a folder. Management sharing The root of each drive is automatically shared.

n Prerequisite for sharing a folder Members of the following groups may share any folder. (1) Administrators (2) Server Operators (Domain controller only) (3) Power Users (Member server and Windows NT workstations)

Memo

n Management sharing Windows NT automatically set the following folders to a shared folder. (1) C$, D$, E$...

(2) Admin$

Tips Placing a dollar sign at the end of a share name makes concealed sharing, which hides the folder when browsed in Network Computer. Use this method to set a shared folder for administrators only.

3-13

3.7 Setting a Shared Folder (2)

n Sharing a folder Procedure to set a shared folder (1) Right-click on a folder in Explorer and click on [Sharing...]. The Properties dialog box with the [Sharing] tab appears on top appears. (2) Click on [Shared As] and enter a share name. (3) Enter a description in the [Comment] entry box. (Optional) (4) Set the number of users to allow concurrent access to a shared folder in [User Limit]. (5) Click on the [Permissions...] button to set permission. (6) Click on [OK].

Memo

Share Name A name that other computers use to connect to a shared folder. This is displayed in Network Computer. You may also assign a name that is different from a folder name.

Tips When an already shared folder is selected, the [New Sharing] button will be displayed. Clicking on this button allows you to share a single folder with another share name. Use this function to provide both short and long names for users of an old client OS that can not recognize a long share name and for users of Windows Client, respectively.

3-14

3.7 Setting a Shared Folder (3)

n Shared folder permission Procedure to set shared folder permission (1) Right-click on a shared folder in Explorer and click on [Sharing...]. (2) Click on [Shared As] on the [Sharing] tab in the Properties dialog box. (3) Click on [Add...] in the [Access Through Share Permissions] dialog box. (4) Click on a user or group to give permission in the Add Users and Groups] dialog box. (5) Select a desired permission from the [Type of Access] box. (6) Click on [OK] to bring back the [Access Through Share Permissions] dialog box. (7) Click on [OK].

Memo

3-15

3.8 Access to a Share Folder

n Connecting to a network drive Procedure to connect to a network drive (1) Start Explorer and click on [Map Network Drive] in the [Tools] menu. (2) Select a drive name to map in the [Drive] box. (3) Specify an UNC path to a desired shared folder to connect in the [Path] box. (4) Click on [OK].

Memo

n Direct access to a shared folder Click on the [Start] button and select [Run...], then enter an UNC path to a desired shared folder.

3-16

3.9 Printer Management (1)

Using a printer Permission to access to a printer

Print

Print device Printer

n Using a printer Windows NT allows you to set a printer connected to your computer to be used from other computers. Memo

n Permission to access to a printer You may set permission to access to each printer.

n Creating a new printer Double-click on [Add Printer] in [Printers] under [Control Panel].

Tips With Full Control permission to access to a printer, you may perform operations related to printers and documents, such as setting a shared printer, deleting a printer, and changing permission, but can not create a printer. Creating a printer requires device driver loading, and you need permission to do so.

3-17

3.9 Printer Management (2)

Creating a network printer Setting a printer you created to be shared Setting permission to access to a printer

n Creating a network printer Procedure to create a network printer (1) Right-click on an existing printer icon in [Printer] under [Control Panel] and click on [Sharing...]. (2) Click on [Shared] and specify a share name, then click on [OK].

Memo

n Setting permission to access a printer Procedure to set permission (1) Right-click on an existing printer icon in [Printer] under [Control Panel] and click on [Properties]. (2) Click on the [Security] tab, then click on the [Permissions] button. (3) Add a user or group and specify a permission type, then click on [OK].

3-18

Chapter 4 Network Resource Monitor

1. 2. 3. 4. Audit Setting Up for Audit Event Viewer Using the Event Viewer

4.1 Audit
Monitoring resources and events Audit records user operations. Audit Records operated users, executed operations, date, and time.

n Monitoring resources and events Audit allows you to monitor resources and accesses to the system to find fraud use of resources.

Memo

n About audit Operated users, executed operations, date, and time are recorded.

n Audit procedure Use the user manager for domains to enable audit and select events to audit. Set audit items to a file, folder, and printer.
Event Items recorded by auditing, such as file operations and logon.

n Prerequisite for audit Must be a member of Administrators group.

4-2

4.2 Setting Up for Audit (1)

Auditing a domain

n Auditing a domain Logon and logoff File and Object Access Use of User Rights Security Policy Changes Restart, Shutdown, and System Process Tracking

Memo

Procedure to enable audit (1) Start [User Manager for Domains] and click on [Auditing] in the [Policies] menu. (2) Click on [Events to Audit] and select an appropriate event in the [Audit Policy] dialog box.

4-3

4.2 Setting Up for Audit (2)

Auditing a file or folder Available only on an NTFS volume.

n Auditing a file or folder Procedure to audit a file or folder (1) Start Explorer and right-click on a file or folder to audit, then select [Properties]. (2) Click on the [Security] tab. (3) Click on [Auditing]. (4) Click on the [Add...] button and select a user to audit. (5) Set an event(s) to audit on success and/or failure in [Events to Audit]. (6) Click on [OK] to bring back the [%Name% Properties] dialog box and click on [OK].

Memo

4-4

4.2 Setting Up for Audit (3)

Auditing a printer Enable audit and select an event(s) of a desired printer to audit.

n Auditing a printer Procedure to audit a printer (1) Open [Printer] in [Control Panel] and double-click on a printer to audit, then select [Properties]. (2) Click on the [Security] tab. (3) Click on [Auditing]. (4) Click on the [Add...] button and select a user to audit. (5) Set an event(s) to audit on success and/or failure in [Events to Audit]. (6) Click on [OK] to bring back the [%Printer Name% Properties] dialog box and click on [OK].

Memo

Tips The audit gives the load to the system. An excessive audit may not give the result which corresponds to the load. Therefore, it should carefully be set that only a necessary event is to be audited.

4-5

4.3 Event Viewer (1)

Viewing a log The Event Viewer displays information on errors, warnings, and audit records.

n Viewing a log The Event Viewer displays information on errors, warnings, and audit records.

Memo

Three types of logs are available. (1) System log

(2) Application log

(3) Security log

Switching among logs

4-6

4.3 Event Viewer (2)

Log display Displayed with an icon specific to each information type.

Information types

n Log display Records are displayed with an icon specific to each information type in all logs. Information Warning

Memo

Danger Audit on success Audit on failure

Tips When a serious error occurs, a warning message appears on the screen. However, events that are not currently serious, such as reduced free disk space, are only recorded in the system log with no message appearing on the screen. It is recommended to periodically check the logs even when no warning message appears.

4-7

4.4 Using the Event Viewer

n Displaying logs of other computers Procedure to display logs of other computers (1) Click on [Select Computer] in the [Log] menu. (2) Enter a name of target computer in the [Computer] box.

Memo

n Saving logs Merit to save the event log

The event log can record events up to a certain amount.

Procedure to save a log (1) Click on [Save As...] in the [Log] menu. (2) Enter a folder and a file names to save.

4-8

Chapter 5 Tools
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Task Manager Windows NT Diagnostic Program Performance Monitor Network Monitor Tool Disk Administrator Server Tools

5.1 Task Manager

Viewing processes This tool allows you to view the status of processes, stop processes, and change priority.

n Viewing processes This tool display a list of running processes. Information on resources consumed by each process is also displayed.

Memo
Process An execution unit of a program Resource Indicates hardware resources, such as CPU and memory, here. Priority Windows NT provides 32 priorities from 0 through 31. When multiple applications are started at the same time, an application with the highest priority will be executed first.

This tool allows you to abort processes and change priority for execution.

Starting the task manager (1) Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DEL] to open the [Windows NT Security] dialog box, then click on [Task Manager...].

Using the Task Manager

5-2

5.2 Windows NT Diagnostic Program

Viewing configuration data This tool displays information on hardware and OS.

n Viewing configuration data This tool displays information on hardware and OS stored in the registry.

Memo

Use this tool to view configuration information or to look for a cause of a trouble.

You can not change the configuration data in the registry.

Starting the NT Diagnostic Program Select [Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common)] and click on [Windows NT Diagnostic].

5-3

5.3 Performance Monitor

Monitoring performance

n Monitoring performance The Performance Monitor allows you to: (1) Monitor the system performance at real time to log. (2) Learn a chronological trend. (3) Measure processing capability of the system.

Memo

Starting the Performance Monitor Select [Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common)] and click on [Performance Monitor].

n Object Target to monitor using the performance monitor.

n Counter Displays what to monitor for each object.

5-4

5.4 Network Monitor Tool

Monitoring the network This tool allows you to capture data sent onto the network and analyze.

n Monitoring the network Using the Network Monitor, you can capture frames or packets sent onto the network and analyze them.

Memo

Frame, Packet A chunk of data carried over the network. Capture To take in data.

Only data transmitted or received by the local computer can be captured.

Installing the network monitor (1) Open [Network] from [Control Panel] and click on the [Add...] button on the [Services] tab. (2) Select [Network Monitor Tools and Agent] and click on [OK].

Using the Network Monitor (1) Select [Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common}] and click on [Network Monitor].

5-5

5.5 Disk Administrator

Managing disk partitions The Disk Administrator is a tool to manage hard disks.

n Managing disk partitions The Disk Administrator is a tool to manage hard disks and removable media.

Memo
Removable Media Include MO and ZIP.

Starting the Disk Administrator Select [Start] - [Program] - [Administrative Tools (Common)] and click on [Disk Administrator].

What you can do with the Disk Administrator

Tips The Disk Administrator of Windows NT Server provides menu items to use a function called fault tolerance or RAID which was developed by enhancing the volume set or stripe set function. This allows you to set mirroring that uses 2 disks and striping with parity that uses 3 or more disks.

5-6

5.6 Server Tools

Managing the domain environment The server tools allow you to manage domains form a computer running Windows 95 or Windows NT Workstation.

n Managing the domain environment A set of applications called server tools to manage the domain environment from a computer running Windows 95 or Windows NT Workstation are available.

Memo

Common server tools (1) User Manager for Domains (2) Server Manager

Tools available for Windows 95 only (1) Event Viewer (2) File and print security tabs

Tools available for Windows NT Workstation only (1) DHCP Manager (2) WINS Manager (3) Remote Access Admin (4) System Policy Editor

5-7