SUMMARY

The study Teaching in the Yukon: Exploring Teachers Efficacy Beliefs, Stress and Job Satisfaction in a Remote Setting is written by Robert M. K, Rosemary Y. F, Sukaina R and Carley B in 2009. The authors focused on the areas of job beliefs and job motivation of teachers in the Yukon. The focus of the authors is parallel to the aims of this study to examine teacher self- and collective efficacy, job stress and job satisfaction in a remote setting. In collecting the data, this study features mixed approaches of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative method, in a form of questionnaire, is being used as a tool in Study 1. It examines job beliefs and motivation beliefs of teachers in the Yukon and western Canada. Then, it is followed by qualitative method which is applied in Study 2, in a form of interview. The interviews are conducted to explore the geographical and social factors that affecting the stress the teachers experience and also the satisfaction they feel in the Yukon setting. As for the findings, Study 1 shows teachers in northern and western Canada possess almost similar levels of job beliefs. On the one hand, most teachers from both settings agreed that teaching is highly stressful and yet satisfying but, on the other hand, the result shows that the workload stress due to large class size is rated lower by the teachers in the Yukon compared to teachers in the western Canada. Then, Study 2 indicates that teachers job beliefs are influenced by physical and human geography, level of connection with the community, and by the community's cultural transitions. There are two suggestions for future research found in the study. The first suggestion is pertaining to the job stress levels of teachers in the Yukon which are found higher compared to the previous research. Due to the difference, the search for evidence is suggested in determining either the difference is due to the result of methodology or the actual differences in the population. Second, it is suggested to feature objective measures such as absenteeism or physiological variables in future studies owing to the fact that this study relies on subjective data only. In general, the study is observed as successful in acknowledging job beliefs, job motivation, and difficulties faced by teachers in the Yukon. Although the result of the study could not be applied to other remote settings due to the methodological limitation, the author believes the context of the study is also relevant to other remote settings.

BODY
This section features a critical review of the five main components of the study; the problem, literature review, design and procedures, data analysis and presentation, and conclusions and implications. In general, it appears that all of these components are rightly structured and clearly presented in the study. The problem is presented in a clear manner. It pertains to the less attention given to how social, cultural and geographical factors influence job beliefs and job motivation of teachers in a remote setting. The problem is significant due to several reasons. First, it is significant in a sense it provides the awareness of what are the reasons behind everything that is happening in the classroom to the administrators and also the stakeholders. Second, it is significant as it provides another step in creating a meaningful teaching and learning process in every classroom. Third, it is significant in doing justice to teachers for their rights to be heard and treated accordingly. Likewise, the aims of the study are also presented in a clear manner. The aims are clearly stated as to examine teacher self- and collective efficacy, job stress and job satisfaction in a remote setting. The aims are mentioned in the introduction, and thoroughly discussed in the discussion of the study. Moreover, the transparency in revealing the definition of the key terms used in the study is astounding. The definition of the key terms is highlighted repeatedly throughout the study. This method is really helping the readers to keep on the right track during the reading process. Then, the reviews of literature provide an appropriate and sufficient support system to the statements of the authors. The reviews are relevant and closely related to the study, perhaps owing to the recent and time-relevant articles that have been used as references. Furthermore, the reviews are viewed parallel to the aims of the study thus there isnt any misleading evidence found in the literature selected. Next, the design and procedures of the study are visualised and further explained in a clear manner. The use of visual model from the sequential explanatory design (Ivankova, Creswell, & Stick, 2006) facilitates the readers to understand the way the data is collected and later, analysed. In supporting the visual model, a detailed explanation for each component of data collection is included in the study by the authors.

It is identified that the study features mixed approaches of both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the study, the quantitative data is analysed in steps starting from the descriptive analysis of the key variables until the complex logistic regression. The steps are clear and comprehensible for the readers in understanding the flow of the process. The reliability of the data of the study is sustained throughout the data analysis of the qualitative data the data from the interviews. The qualitative data is analysed using a constant comparative method which features both deductive and inductive coding procedures. The type of method ensures the reliability of the result owing to the multiple analyses done to the contents of several interviews conducted. This effort should be taken into consideration by all kind of research in ensuring the reliability of data is at its highest. The study also presents the qualitative data clearly in the map of relationships between codes and themes, as can be seen in Figure 2. The map shows the relationship between the key variables and the related factors. This kind of illustration really helps the readers in understanding the whole picture of the data. In compliance with the visual presentation of the data, the qualitative data analysis is also explained according to the themes. This approach is really helping the readers in understanding the findings in detail. The clarity and detail explanation of the design and procedure of the study ensure the reliability of the study to be replicated in future studies. Furthermore, there are also other excellent reasons of why the design and procedure of the study is appropriate to be replicated the effective items used in collecting data and the sampling selection. In constructing the questionnaires, the authors selected the best items which are related to the aims of the study, put them together and turned them into a complete set of questionnaire. As for the questions for the interviews, the questions are derived from the field notes of the authors. These methods offer the assurance that all the questions are able to gain information from the respondents. As for the sampling selection, the authors have come out with a brilliant idea. Instead of looking for the samples to be the respondents of the questionnaires, the authors distributed the questionnaires in the teachers conventions in the Yukon and western Canada. Due to the high attendance rate of teachers to the conventions in both settings, the authors believed that the

sampling selection is appropriate in a sense it is sufficient to represent the population of teachers in the Yukon and also, in the western Canada. Regardless of the numerous good elements featured in the study, it still possesses some weaknesses. However, there isnt any attempt from the authors to hide the weaknesses of the study. The weaknesses of the study are presented in an honest and positive manner. The authors discussed the limitations and even suggested a few recommendations for future research. The recommendations also show the openness of the authors in improving the study in future. The authors concluded the study with a thorough discussion of the results. The discussion features the findings of the study as the main element of the content. This criterion is an evidence of the similar direction of the conclusion and the aims of the study.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the article Teaching in the Yukon: Exploring Teachers Efficacy Beliefs, Stress and Job Satisfaction in a Remote Setting features all the main ingredients of a good study. The authors have done a very good job in presenting the study in a clear manner. The clarity benefits the readers in gasping the idea of the real condition of teachers in remote settings. This is the opportunity that no one can experience unless you are in their shoes or you know it first from the teachers who are experiencing it. This article also offers a big help in bridging the information gap between the readers and the real situation. Speaking of the readers, the readers of this article could be among the researchers, teachers and also, others. I am one of the readers. In fact, I am a future teacher myself. Personally, it enlightens me on few important issues such as the factors that might affect my satisfaction in teaching. This mind-blowing fact is really useful in preparing a novice teacher like me, in facing my new environment mentally and emotionally. As much as this article has helped me, I hope that the other readers will view it the same way too. Even though there are some weaknesses highlighted in the study, I believe that it is still a good reading and it benefits people more than I could ever imagine.