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Plant Reproduction

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INSTRUCTIONS

Ensure that you complete all activities and worksheets when instructed to do so. The pad icon will indicate when you should fill in your worksheet.
Work your way through the presentation by clicking on the background to move to the next page or to activate an animation. The mouse icon will indicate that a click will activate an animation or require buttons to be pressed in the quizzes. You can navigate around the presentation by using the arrow links that appear when you place your cursor on the lower left hand part of the screen. Some slides have embedded movies which will start when you click on the image. The video camera symbol tells you when a movie is available. There is sound so you may want to wear headphones if people are working near you. You can return to the home page by clicking on the clickbiology icon. At the end of the module there is a test that will provide a results page which you will print off and hand in to your teacher. The speaker symbol means that there are some audio explanation available for the slide

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Plant Reproduction Home Page

1 Flower structure

4 Seed dispersal

5 Pollination
Germination

Fruit development

Test

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Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Click image to view a video on plant reproduction

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url: http://vimeo.com/1594037?pg=embed&sec=1594037

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Use the diagram below to complete the labels on the flower structure worksheet

stigma anther stamen filament style ovary ovule carpel

petal sepal peduncle receptacle

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Complete the functions table by clicking on the labels to discover their functions

stigma anther stamen filament style ovary ovule carpel

petal sepal peduncle receptacle

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Flower Structure Quiz


Click the correct answer What is the name of the structure labelled X in the diagram?

carpel

sepal
X

stamen peduncle
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Flower Structure Quiz


Where is pollen made?

stigma sepal anther ovary

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Flower Structure Quiz


Where is the ovule found in a flower?

petals style nectary ovary

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Flower Structure Quiz


Which parts of the flower are labelled below:

X = style, Y = stigma X = filament, Y = anther

X = stigma, Y = style X = anther, Y = filament

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Pollination

The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete)


Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma Click to view the animation

This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects or by wind


Use the information in the next two slides to complete the table comparing the adaptations of wind and insect pollinated flowers.

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract insects to them to enable transfer of pollen
Pollen has barbs for hooking onto insect fur

nectar and a scent present

Anthers positioned to rub pollen onto insects


Sticky stigma to collect pollen

Brightly coloured petals


Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Flower Structure

Pollination

Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure because they do not have to attract insects to them but do need to be exposed to the wind.
Pollen grains are very small and light. They occur in very large numbers Anthers are exposed to the wind so that pollen can easily be blown away

Stigma are feathery to catch pollen carried on wind Petals are small and green as there is no need to attract insects
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal

No scent or nectary

Germination

Test

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Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower

Click to show animation of selfpollination

Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces variation

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either having stigma above stamen or

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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by having stamen and stigma mature at different times.

Complete the sections in your worksheet describing selfpollination and cross-pollination. Explain the mechanisms employed by plants to prevent self-pollination.
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Click on the icons below to view the summary videos on pollination

Pollination (9 minutes)

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ3J4UWwd2Q

Insect pollination (1 minute)

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ge3EM8AERV0

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Pollination Quiz
Click the correct answer

Pollination is the transfer from.?


the stigma to anther style to stamen ovule to filament anther to stigma

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Pollination Quiz
The two mechanisms for pollination are?
Wind and water Insect and wind Insect and water Wind and birds

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Pollination Quiz
Cross-pollination
Increases variation Decreases variation Is only performed by insects Is only performed by wind

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fertilisation

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Pollination Quiz
Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by Having bright petals and a scent

Having a nectary
Having feathery stigmas Having sticky stigmas

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Fertilisation and Fruit Development

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule
stigma style carpel ovary ovule

Click to view the animation

Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram


Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete fuses with the ovule (the female gamete)

Click to view the animation

Complete the fertilisation section of the worksheet (you will need to refer to your text book)

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Watch this short introductory video to review fertilisation (1 minute)

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVhH2GPlckE
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Seed Dispersal

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Watch the video on seed dispersal (lasts just under 10 minutes)

If the hyperlink does not work then copy and paste this url into a new browser window and you can watch the video then, url: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbQ1jWl3AOM
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After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off. The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilised egg inside develops into an embryo plant.

Testa: tough seed coat Micropyle: Hole made by pollen tube

Cotyledon: Food store Plumule: Embryo shoot

Embryo plant

Radicle: Embryo root

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes dormant because metabolic reactions stop. The ovary develops to become a fruit.
Fleshy wall of the ovary (yes, you are eating an adapted ovary when you crunch into an apple!

seed

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant in order to reduce competition for space, light, nutrients and water.

Seeds can be dispersed by: Wind Water Mechanical Animals


Fill in the worksheet on the reasons and mechanisms for seed dispersal
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Seed dispersal quiz


Click the correct answer Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture

water

mechanical
wind animal
Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Seed dispersal quiz


Click the correct answer Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture

mechanical animal water wind


Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
ClickBiology

Seed dispersal quiz


Click the correct answer Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture

water wind animal mechanical


Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
ClickBiology

Seed dispersal quiz


Click the correct answer Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture

animal mechanical water wind


Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Germination

Flower Structure

Pollination

Fruit Development

Seed Dispersal

Germination

Test

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The seed contains the embryo plant and cotyledons (starch stores)
Testa

Water enters the seed through the micropyle and activates enzymes.

Plumule (embryo shoot)

The water also softens the testa to allow it to split.


Radicle (embryo root) Label the diagram of the seed

Micropyle
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development

Cotyledon
Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Enzymes are used in seed germination


Plumule

starch
amylase secreted

embryo plant

The enzymes break starch down into maltose and then glucose. The glucose is used in respiration to provide energy for growth

maltose
Radicle This is the first part to grow out of the seed as it needs to absorb more water
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in the cotyledon to provide energy for growth
light The seedling can now photosynthesise and make its own food

germination
Plant growth and development
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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soil

Changes in dry mass of the germinating seed:


Answer the question on the worksheet

Seed loses weight as it uses up starch stores in the cotyledons as the seedling cannot photosynthesise yet

Click to listen to an explanation

Dry mass/g Weight increases as the seedling can photosynthesise and plant grows

Dry mass is the mass of solid matter with all water removed

Days
Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test
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Conditions required for germination Summarise the findings of the experiment shown below:
Click to listen to an explanation

Pyrogallol (absorbs oxygen)


No light

Oxygen present

Oxygen present

Oxygen present No oxygen

Oxygen present

moist 4oC A
Flower Structure

dry Warm B
Pollination

moist
Warm C
Fruit Development Seed Dispersal

moist
Warm D
Germination Test

moist Warm E
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