Professional Documents
Culture Documents
November 2001
by Russ Gilbert & Justin Gilmour
= $$$$$
the well
Separator
= Oil Export
$$$$
CASING
RESERVOIR INFLOW
Higher Pressure (Driving Force)
Pressure
Pres P P BHP
PRESSURE DROP
pressure
oil rate
BHP
RESERVOIR INFLOW
Mathematical Model
Flow Rate (Q) varies with:
- Inflow Pressure Drop? - Thickness of the Reservoir? - Permeability of the Reservoir Sand? - Phase of the Moon? - Skin Damage around the Well? - Reservoir Pressure? - Fluid Viscosity? - Hours of Sunshine? - Wellbore Radius (P) (h) (k) (x) (S) (Pres) () (y) (rw)
P BHP
BHP
pressure
Pres
Q= f
RESERVOIR INFLOW
Mathematical Model
Flow Rate (Q) varies with:
- Inflow Pressure Drop? - Thickness of the Reservoir? - Permeability of the Reservoir Sand? - Phase of the Moon? - Skin Damage around the Well? - Reservoir Pressure? - Fluid Viscosity? - Hours of Sunshine? - Wellbore Radius (P) (h) (k) (x) (S) (Pres) () (y) (rw)
P BHP
pressure
Pres
BHP
Q= f
K h P rw
Various inflow equations are used to model reservoir inflow in software such as Prosper
TUBING OUTFLOW
Lower Pressure
pressure
PRESSURE LOSS
Well Head pressure (WHP)
oil rate
TUBING OUTFLOW
Mathematical Model
Flow Rate (Q) varies with:
WHP
- Fluid Weight/Type? - Friction Losses - Fluid Viscosity? - Friction Losses - Tubing Length? - Phase of the Moon? - Friction Losses - Tubing diameter ? - Friction Losses - Tubing roughness ? - Hours of Sunshine? - Well Head Pressure?
Q= f
BHP
Note: The acceleration term (velocity increasing due to gas expansion) has been assumed to be negligible for this presentation.
TUBING OUTFLOW
Mathematical Model
Flow Rate (Q) varies with:
WHP
- Fluid Weight/Type? - Friction Losses - Fluid Viscosity? - Friction Losses - Tubing Length? - Phase of the Moon? - Friction Losses - Tubing diameter ? - Friction Losses - Tubing roughness ? - Hours of Sunshine? - Well Head Pressure?
Q= f
BHP
1
Fluid Weight . Friction Losses . Wellhead Pressure
Various correlations are used to model tubing outflow in software such as Prosper
Note: The acceleration term (velocity increasing due to gas expansion) has been assumed to be negligible for this presentation.
TUBING OUTFLOW
Fluid Weight/Type
VLP (TUBING) CURVES ( 20 Nov 01 16:11)
6000 Variables 1:Water Cut (percent) 2:First Node Pressure (psig) 3:Tubing/Pipe Diameter (inches) 1 2 3 0=0 0=50.0 0=1.99 1=50.000 1=200.0 1=2.75 2=90.000 2=400.0 2=3.83 3=4.89
Mixture
Pressure (psig)
3000
2000
1000
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet)
TUBING OUTFLOW
Friction Losses
VLP (TUBING) CURVES ( 20 Nov 01 16:11)
2 3/8
6000
3 1/2
Variables 1:Water Cut (percent) 2:First Node Pressure (psig) 3:Tubing/Pipe Diameter (inches) 1 2 3 0=0 0=50.0 0=1.99 1=50.000 1=200.0 1=2.75 2=90.000 2=400.0 2=3.83 3=4.89
Tubing OD
5000 001
4 1/2 5 1/2
4000 000
Pressure (psig)
002 003
3000
2000
1000
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet)
TUBING OUTFLOW
Well Head Pressure
VLP (TUBING) CURVES ( 20 Nov 01 16:11)
6000 Variables 1:Water Cut (percent) 2:First Node Pressure (psig) 3:Tubing/Pipe Diameter (inches) 1 2 3 0=0 0=50.0 0=1.99 1=50.000 1=200.0 1=2.75 2=90.000 2=400.0 2=3.83 3=4.89
5000
200 psig
Pressure (psig)
3000
2000
1000
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet)
oil rate
4000
Pressure (psig)
3000
2000
2 1000
6500 bopd
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown First Node Pressure (psig) 50.0 Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet) IPR PI Entry Res Temp 200.0 Res Pres 3000.0
(degrees F) (psig)
Tubing Length=10,000ft; All Oil; Tubing Diameter=4 1/2; WHP=50psig, Pres=5000psig, k.h=10000mdft, rw=8.5, Wellbore Skin=5
4000
2 1 0
3000
2000
2 1000
1 0 0
2500 bopd
5000
6500 bopd
10000
0 15000
20000
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown First Node Pressure (psig) 50.0 Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet) IPR PI Entry Res Temp 200.0 Res Pres 3000.0
(degrees F) (psig)
Tubing Length=10,000ft; All Oil; Tubing Diameter=4 1/2; WHP=50psig, Pres=depleting, k.h=10000mdft, rw=8.5, Wellbore Skin=5
%Water 100%
50% (Now) 0%
3000
2000
2 1000
1 0 0
3000 bfpd
5000
10000
0 15000
20000
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown First Node Pressure (psig) 50.0 Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet) IPR PI Entry Res Temp 200.0 Res Pres 3000.0
(degrees F) (psig)
Tubing Length=10,000ft; %wtr increasing; Tubing Diameter=4 1/2; WHP=50psig, Pres=depleting, k.h=10000mdft, rw=8.5, Wellbore Skin=5
pressure
Tubing outflow
Reservoir inflow)
surface pressure - WHP
Q= f
K h P rw S
Increase Decrease
Increase: Decrease:
Kh,
P
S
rw
Heat-Up
Q= f
Isolate Wtr Prodn or Add gas via gas lift (aka artificial lift)
Bigger Tubing
Increase: 3 Decrease:
Kh,
rw
4000
2 1 0
3000
2000
2 1000
N/A
Later
Re-perf
N/A
4000 bfpd
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown First Node Pressure (psig) 50.0 Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet) IPR PI Entry Res Temp 200.0 Res Pres 3000.0
(degrees F) (psig)
4000
2 1 0
3000
50% + G/L
2000 2 1000
Isolate Wtr Prodn, Add gas via gas lift Actions: (2) Add G/L 7500 bfpd
Bigger Tubing
N/A
N/A
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown First Node Pressure (psig) 50.0 Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet) IPR PI Entry Res Temp 200.0 Res Pres 3000.0
(degrees F) (psig)
Kh,
P S
rw
4000
2 1 0
3000
50% + G/L
2000 2 1000
N/A
N/A
N/A
Liquid Rate (STB/day) Fluid Oil Flow Tubing Type Producer Lift None Comp Cased Hole Corrln Hagedorn Brown First Node Pressure (psig) 50.0 Bottom Measured Depth 10000.0 (feet) Bottom T rue Vertical Depth 10000.0 (feet) IPR PI Entry Res Temp 200.0 Res Pres 3000.0
(degrees F) (psig)
No Further Action: Rate = 7500bfpd Well Will Still Die, But Later
50% Wtr
No action
3,000
1,500
50% Wtr
Re-perforate (Res. Inflow) Add Gas Lift (Tbg Outflow) Add Wtr Injector (Res. Inflow)
4,000
2,000
50% Wtr
7,500
3,750
50% Wtr
10,000
5,000
Actions to improve well performance have almost returned oil rate to initial condition
SUMMARY
Basic Well Configuration
Q= f
K h P rw S
Q =f
1
Fluid Weight . Friction Losses . Wellhead Pressure