APA STYLE

REFERENCE LIST

 The APA style guide prescribes that the Reference section, bibliographies and other lists of names should be accumulated by surname first, and mandates inclusion of surname prefixes. For example, "Martin de Rijke" should be sorted as "De Rijke, M." and "Saif Al Falasi" should be sorted as "Al-Falasi, S." (The preference for Arabic names now is to hyphenate the prefix so that it remains with the surname

Basic Instructions for Citing Print, Media and Electronic Materials using APA Format
Works should be cited within the text of the paper or article, as well as in a bibliography or reference list at the end of the article. Within the text, cite the author and date of works used in your research. This enables readers to locate the source of the information in the reference list at the end of the paper

General Guidelines
The title of your reference list page should be References and should appear centered at the top of the page.

Arrange citations in alphabetical order by the first element of the citation, usually the authors last name.
Double space your reference list, and do not add extra spaces between citations. Hanging indents are required for citations in the reference list or bibliography, as shown in the examples [link to examples]. The first line starts at the left margin. All subsequent lines are indented 4 spaces. Italicizing is preferred for titles of books, journals and videos, although underlining is also acceptable. Article titles and chapter titles are in plain text NOT underlined, italicized, or entered in quotes. Pagination: the only time p. or pp. appears is for a chapter in a book or an article from a daily newspaper. If the precise page range is unknown (e.g., 54-60), then page numbers may be shown as 54+.

 Print sources Book by one author Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead. Book by two authors or more Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.

 Article in an edited book Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 4264). London: Other World Books. Article in a journal paginated separately Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's longawaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64 (7), 3437.

 Article in a journal with continuous pagination Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66-146. Article in a weekly magazine Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 2831.

 Article in a newspaper Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). "Never Gonna Give You Up" says Mayor. Toronto Sol, p. 4. Government document Revenue Canada. (2001). Advanced gouging: Manual for employees (MP 65347/1124). Ottawa: Minister of Immigration and Revenue

 Article in an Internet-only journal Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture. Felines & Felons, 4, Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from http://journals.f+f.org/spectre/vblofeld0046g.html

 Article from an Internet-only Journal (eJournal) (#72, p. 272) Bilton, P. (2000, January). Another island, another story: A source for Shakespeare's The Tempest. Renaissance Forum, 5(1). Retrieved August 28, 2001, from http://www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/current.htm

 Reference at the end of the text ( bibliography)

Beatty, J. (1982). Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 276-292.

 Web Pages

Shackelford, W. (2000). The six stages of cultural competence. In Diversity central: Learning. Retrieved April 16, 2000, from http://www.diversityhotwire.com/learning/cul tural_insights.html