Trigonometry Review

Angle Measurement
To convert from degrees to radians, multiply by
.
180
t
To convert from radians to degrees, multiply by
.
t
180
radians, so radians t 2 360 =

t =

180
Special Angles
0

90
2

180

135
4
3

120
3
2

150
6
5

30
6

45
4

60
3
r=1

270 2 3 = / t
Special Angles - Unit Circle Coordinates
( ) 0 , 1
|
.
|

\
|
2
1
,
2
3
|
.
|

\
|
2
1
,
2
1
|
.
|

\
|
2
3
2
1
,
( ) 1 , 0
|
.
|

\
|

2
3
,
2
1
|
.
|

\
|

2
1
,
2
1
|
.
|

\
|

2
1
,
2
3
0 , 1
r=1
/3
5/6
/4
/2
2/3
3/4
/6
0
3/2
( ) 1 0 ,
Trig Functions - Definitions
r
y
sin = u
r
x
cos = u
x
y
tan = u
y
r
csc = u
x
r
sec = u
y
x
cot = u
2 2
y x r + =
(x,y)
r
u
Trig Functions - Definitions
u
opp
adj
hyp
hyp
adj
cos = u
hyp
opp
sin = u
adj
opp
tan = u
Trig Functions - Definitions
hyp
adj
cos = u
hyp
opp
sin = u
opp
adj
cot = u
opp
hyp
csc = u
adj
hyp
sec = u
adj
opp
tan = u
Trig Functions
Signs by quadrants
all functions positive sin, csc positive
tan, cot positive cos, sec positive
Special Angles - Triangles

45
4
=
t

45
1
1
2
hyp
opp
sin =
4
t
example:
2
2
2
1
= =
Special Angles - Triangles

30
6
=
t

60
3
=
t
2
1
3
hyp
adj
cos =

60
2
1
=
adj
opp
tan =

30
3
3
3
1
= =
Special Angles - Unit Circle
= =
r
x
cos

60
2
1
1
2
1
=
|
.
|

\
|
2
3
,
2
1
r=1
|
.
|

\
|
2
1
2
3
,
= =
x
y
tan

30
3
3
3
1
2
3
2
1
= =
Special Angles
For the angles
( )
2
3
270 , 180 ,
2
90 , 0
t
t
t

example:
2
3t
sin
= =
r
y
1
1
1
=

Use the unit circle points (1,0), (0,1), (-1,0) and (0,-1) or look at
the graphs for the trig functions
r = 1
(1,0)
(0,1)
(0,-1)
(-1,0)
Graphing Trigonometry Functions
Basic Graphs
y = sin x
1
-1
-/2 /2 3/2 2
Period is and amplitude is 1.
t 2
Graphing Trigonometry Functions
Basic Graphs
-/2 /2 3/2 2
y = cos x
1
-1
Period is and amplitude is 1.
t 2
Special Angles and Graphs
t
1
1
Using the graph for = = t cos , x cos y
1
Graphing Trig Functions
Amplitude Change
y= a sin x stretches or compresses the graph vertically
y = a sin x
a
-a
-/2 /2 3/2 2
Period is and amplitude is a.
t 2
Graphing Trig Functions
Phase Shift
y = sin(x - b) slides graph right by b units
b
-1
1
2+b
y = sin(x - b)
Period is and amplitude is 1.
t 2
Graphing Trig Functions
Phase Shift
y = sin(x + b) slides graph left by b units
1
-b 2 - b
y = sin(x + b)
-1
Period is and amplitude is 1.
t 2
Graphing Trig Functions
Period Change
y = sin cx stretches or compresses the graph horizontally
-1
1
2/c
Period is and amplitude is 1. c / t 2
Trig Identities
Reciprocal Quotient
u
u
cos
sec
1
=
u
u
tan
cot
1
=
u
u
sin
csc
1
=
u
u
u
sin
cos
cot =
u
u
u
cos
sin
tan =
Trig Identities
Pythagorean
1 cos sin
2 2
= + u u
u u
2 2
sec 1 tan = +
u u
2 2
csc cot 1 = +
Trig Identities
Double Angle
u u u cos sin 2 2 sin =
u
u
u u u
2
2
2 2
sin 2 1
1 cos 2
sin cos 2 cos
=
=
=
Trig Identities
Sum and difference
B sin A cos B cos A sin B A sin
B sin A cos B cos A sin B A sin
=
+ = +
B sin A sin B cos A cos B A cos
B sin A sin B cos A cos B A cos
+ =
= +
Inverse Trig Functions
is equivalent to
x arcsin x sin y = =
1
y sin x =
is equivalent to
x arccos x cos y = =
1
y cos x =
Solving Trig Equations
Use algebra, then inverse trig functions or knowledge
of special angles to solve.
t u u 2 0
2
1
sin < s = example: if
0 sin > u
in quadrants I and II
6 2
1
1
t
u = =

s i n
and since
6
5t