CHAPTER 6

LEARNING OUTCOME
IN THE END OF LESSON, STUDENTS WILL ABLE TO: 1. STATES THE TYPE OF NUTRITION 2. EXPLAIN AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION 3. EXPLAIN HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

WHAT IS NUTRITION??

Process by which organism obtain energy and nutrients from food for growth, maintenance and repair of damaged tissues Substance that required for nourishment of cell is known as NUTRIENTS

NUTRITION

AUTOTROPHIC

HETEROTROPHIC

Photoautotroph

Holozoic

Saprophytism

chemoautrotroph
Parasitism

AUTOTROPH

(auto: self ; trophos : food) - Synthesise complex organic compounds from raw, simple inorganic compound using light or chemical energy - Able to manufacture their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Photoautotroph

Produce organic molecule from carbon dioxide and water using light as a source of energy Process is known as PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Chemoautotroph

Synthesise organic compound without the help of light Obtain energy by oxidising inorganic substances such as hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. Process is know as CHEMOSYNTHESIS

HETEROTROPH

(hetero: other) An organism obtain energy through intake and digestion of organic of organic substances HOLOZOIC organisms feed by ingesting solid organic matter which is digested and absorbed into their bodies Herbivores, carnivores and omnivores

Saprophytic nutrition - Saprophytes that feed on dead and decaying organic matter

Parasitism - Association between 2 organisms - Parasites : obtain nutrients by living in the body of another organism ( HOST)

BALANCED DIET

Source of energy for whole day

The elements and compounds that participate in variety of metabolic rate

Chemical building for growth and repair damaged body tissue

Age

climate

Factor affecting the daily requirement of human body

sex State of health

Body weight

occupation

Who need more energy??

VS

WHO NEED MORE ENERGY??

VS

FEMALE MALE

WHO NEED MORE ENERGY??

DO YOU WHAT IS YOUR ENERGY REQUIREMENT???

23400 26800 kJ perday

4100 9120 kJ perday

10210 10290 kJ perday

ENERGY VALUE OF FOOD

DO YOU KNOW ???

WHAT IS ENERGY VALUE??

DEFINE AS: - The energy produced when 1 gram of food is completely combusted or burned - Measured in unit of joule per gram (J/g) or Kilojoules per gram (kJ/ g) Energy is like fuels for living things Energy is stored during cellular respiration

HOW CAN YOU MEASURE THE FOOD VALUE??

EXPERIMENT 6.1
AIM: To determine the energy value in the food samples HYPOTHESIS: The energy values of different food samples are different MATERIALS: distilled water, food sample (peanut, corn and bread) APPARATUS: thermometer, boiling tube, a retort stand, clamp, Bunsen burner, electronic balance

PROCEDURE
1. Put 10 ml of water (10g) into boiling tube and clamp the boiling tube based on

figure 1.0
2. Weigh and record the weight of food 3. Record the initial temperature of water in boiling tube. 4. Fix the food at the end of mounted pin 5. Burn the food using Bunsen burner 6 When food stop burning, stir the water and record the temperature using thermometer 7 Empty the boiling tube and refill with another 10 ml of water 8 Repeat step 1-7 using corn and bread 9 Calculate the energy value of food with following formula

DIAGRAM: simple calorimeter

FORMULA

Energy value (J/g) =

mass of water (g) X temperature rise (C) X 4.2 J/g C Mass of food (g)

RESULT
MEASUREMENT TYPES OF FOOD PEANU CORN BREA T D Mass (g) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Initial temperature (C) 27 27 27 After burning temperature 50 30 27 (C) Change in temperature 23 3 18 (C) ENERGY VALUE(J/g) 1932 252 1512

CONCLUSION

Experiment results that the peanut, corn and bread have different energy value. Hypothesis is accepted

VITAMIN

Vitamins are very, very important for the body, but only in small quantities

MINERAL
Many minerals are important for our body. There are other trace elements not listed in the table which are useful for other bodily functions.

MALNUTRITION

Unbalanced diet which certain nutrient are lacking, in excess or wrong proportion
High blood pressure, kidney failure

kwashiorkor

malnutrition
Cardiovascular disease Marasmus

Osteomalacia
Osteoporosi s