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2 2 1 2 1 1 1
1 2
2
2
1
2 1 2
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AEG = 450
GED = 300
AEC = 750
10/11/2012
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION Concepts To be remembered Lines AB & CD are parallel. AE and CE are internal angular bisectors . Find AEC F A
y 2x y
B E
Let FAB = 2x0 ACD = 2x0. BAC = 2y0 2x+2y = 1800 CAE = y0 ACE = x0 X + Y = 90 From AEC, AEC = 900
3
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2 3
J I
4 5 3 6
C
7
B
D
E
1 3 2
1 2
There are 8 triangles and hence the sum of all internal angles is 1440.
D
2 3 5 4
What is the Sum Of all internal angles in Figure A,B,C & D? A = 720 B = 540 C = 360 D = 900
4
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Sum of all internal angles = (n-2) Sum of all External angles = 2 In a regular n sided figure, Each internal angle = (n-2) /n Each external angle = 2 /n
Sum of all internal Angles 180 360 540 720 900 1080
Average
3 4 5 6 7 8
9
10
1260
1440
140
144
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(1)500 (1) 9
(2) 7
(5) 11
If largest angle is 1450, let us find the maximum number of sides of the polygon. The sum of all internal angles is (n-2) . Let us assume it is a decagon. Total sum is 1405. Hence it cannot be decagon.
145 144
145 289
3
4 5 6 7 8 9
143
142 141 140 138 137
432
574 725 865 1142 1269
139 1004
10 136 1405
Let us assume it is a nonagon. The total sum of internal angles is 1260. The maximum number of sides is 9. Its largest exterior angle is 520
1 3
145 143
2 144 4 142
5
7 8 9
141
725
128 1260
{100+10 (n-1)} =(n-2)180 50n+5n(n-1) = 180(n-2) 10n+n(n-1) = 36(n-2) n2+9n = 36n -72 n2 - 27n+72 = 0 n = 3 Or 24
Answer : 3 Why?
10/11/2012
[ 130 + 75 (n -1)]
As the value on the right hand side is an integer, n or (n-1) should be divisible by 8. Hence substituting n= 9 , we get 1260 as the sum of all internal angles of a 9 sided figure.
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For the side ED there can be only one triangle. For each side there will be only one triangle. Totally there are 5 such triangles
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G E
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION In a Decagon how many triangles , using the vertices of a Decagon can be formed such that only one side of the triangle is same as one side of the Decagon. For the side AB there can be 6 triangles. For each side there will be 6 triangles. A B Totally there are 60 triangles. In a n sided figure ,how many triangles, using the vertices of the n sided figure, can be formed such that only one side of the triangle is same as one side of the n sided figure. For each side there will be (n 4 ) triangles. Totally there will be n ( n 4) triangles. 10/11/2012 11
B
A C
E
B A
D
C
In a Pentagon how many triangles , using the vertices of Pentagon, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the Pentagon. There are 5 such triangles. In a hexagon how many triangles , using the vertices of hexagon, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the hexagon. There are 6 such triangles. 12
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In a Decagon, how many triangles , using the vertices of Decagon, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the Decagon. There are 10 such triangles.
In a n sided figure, how many triangles , using the vertices of n sided figure, can be formed such that two sides of the triangle are same as two sides of the n sided figure. There are n such triangles. 10/11/2012 13
X + Y = n + n(n-4) = 28
n2 3n 28 =0 (n 7) (n +4) = 0
n=7
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b a
C
b a
ABC is called an acute angled , if A , B & C are less than 900. a2 < b2 + c2 b2 < c2 + a2 c2 < a2 + b2
A b a
c B
ABC is called an obtuse angled , b if either A or B or C 0 C is more than 90 . a a2 > b2 + c2 or b2 > c2 + a2 or c2 > a2 + b2
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION How many obtuse angled can be drawn if two of the sides are 8 & 15 respectively. Let the third side be x.
Case 1: 15 is not the longest
side
8 x 22.
Case 2 : 15 is the longest side A
15
8
B
x2 82 +152
8
C B
15 > > 289 :: x2 > 289 x > 17 :: x < 23 X can take values 18,19,20,21,22 5 values.
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225 > 82 + x2 x2 < 161 x < 13 x > 7 X can take values 8,9,10,11& 12 5 values
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION How many obtuse angled les can be drawn if two of the sides are 6 & 10 respectively. Let X be the third side. 5 x 15.
A 10 A
6
B
6
B 10
Case 1: 10 is the longest side 100 > 62 + x2 x2 < 64 x< 8 x> 4 X can take values 5,6 & 7 3 values
Case 2: 10 is not the longest side x2 > 62 +102 > 136 x > 11 x < 16 X can take values 12,13,14&15 4 values.
D
F
ABC & DEF are similar as A = D :: B = E :: C = F Then
AB/ = BC/ = CA/ DE EF FD
B
6
A
12
C E
A = D :: B = E :: C = F
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D
10 6 5 3
E B
8
ABC & DEF are right angled triangles and are similar.
AB/ = BC/ = CA/ = 2/ DE EF FD 1 Perimeter of ABC/ = 2/1 Perimeter of DEF In radius of ABC/ 2 In radius of DEF = /1 Circum radius of ABC/ Circum radius of DEF Area of ABC/ 4 Area of DEF = /1
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= 2/1
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D
F
A
D
C B
E C
E
AB/
ABC and ADE are similar and ADE = area of quadrilateral DECB implies
ADE / ABC = AD/ = 1/ AD = 62 AB 2.
DB = AB - AD = 12 - 62 = 6 (2 - 2).
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m A
If the base is divided in the ratio m : n, area of the 2les so formed are in the ratio m : n. If area of triangle ABC is 100 sq units, what is the area of triangle ADE given that BD = 3 AB & CE =4 AC? Let us join DC. Consider ACD. AB:BD:: 1 : 3 BCD = 300 sq units ACD = 400 sq units Consider CDE. AC : CE :: 1 : 4 CDE= 1600 Sq.units ADE=2000 Sq.units
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ADC
BD/
= m/n DC
100
B
300
C
1600
D
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If area of triangle ABC is 20 sq units, what is the area of triangle ADE given that BD = 9 AB & CE =19AC? Let us join DC. Consider ACD. AB:BD::1:9 BCD= 180 sq units. ACD =200 sq units AC: CE:: 1:19 CDE= 3800 Sq.units ADE=4000 Sq.units
E
If area of triangle ABC is x sq units, what is the area of triangle ADE given that BD = k AB & CE =m AC? Let us join DC. Consider ACD. AB:BD::1:k BCD = k x sq units ACD = x + kx sq units AC: CE:: 1:m CDE= m(x+kx )Sq.units ADE=(k+1)(m+1)x 23
m(x+kx) E
GEOMETRY & MENSURATION In a ABC, AD is median from A to BC. ABD = ADC (Why?) BE is median from B to CA. CF is median from C to AB The point of concurrence is Centroid (G) Centroid divides the median in the ratio 2:1 AGF = BGF = BGD CGD = CGE = AGE = X AB2+AC2=2(AD2+BD2) BA2+BC2=2(BE2+CE2) CA2+CB2=2(CF2+AF2)
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E
G
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION In ABC, AB = 16,BC= 12, AC = 8. Find AD, BE & CF (Medians) A G
CB2 + CA2 = 2(CF2 +BF2) 122 + 82 = 2(BE2 +82) CF2 = 40
BE > AD > CF
BE2 + AD2 + CF2 = 348 AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 464 [BE2 + AD2 + CF2] /[AB2 + BC2 + CA2] =
A
G
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B
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BC = 10 ABC . CA = 26.The given triangle is divided into 2 triangles whose areas are equal. What is the maximum possible sum of perimeter of the 2 triangles so formed? The given triangle can be divided into 2 triangles whose areas are equal if we draw a median . As maximum perimeter of the 2 triangles so formed is sought, the longest median is to be drawn. Longest Median is to the shortest side. AF = 601. Maximum possible perimeter of the 2 triangles so C formed is 60+2 601
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GEOMETRY & MENSURATION In the triangle given alongside, AD, BE & CF are medians. GECD is a cyclic quadrilateral, find the ratio of AE:GD. GECD is a cyclic quadrilateral implies that the vertices G, E, C & D lie on a circle. Therefore AG * AD = AE * AC If GD = Y AG = 2Y & AD = 3Y If AE = X ,EC = X , AC = 2X X * 2 X = 2Y *3 Y X= 3 Y. The ratio is 3 : 1 10/11/2012
A G
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L AFE = L ABC = X
Consider CED & ABC
X
X
LFED = L AFE = X
Consider FK = FB. Hence LFKB = X ABK, FK is
X X
GEOMETRY
A
Therefore in-centre is equidistant from the sides. AID need not be a Straight line. BIE need not be a Straight line. CIF need not be a Straight line.
B
AB, BC & CA are tangents to in circle. Length of tangents from a point outside the circle are equal. BD = BF :: AF = AE :: CE = CD
10/11/2012
GEOMETRY
& MENSURATION
BI & CI are internal angular bisectors of B & C respectively. I is the in-centre & L BAC = 700 , find the angle BIC. Consider ABC, 2X+2Y = 110 X+Y = 55 Consider BIC, +X+Y = 180 = 1250 :: = 90+ A
A
70
X X
32
D 2+ x
AI, BI & CI are internal angular bisectors of A B & C. ID,IE & IF are in radii. If AB=20, AC=22 &BC= 24. Find BD. AB=20 AC=22 BC= 24. Let BD = X :: BF = X AF =AB BF = 20 X AE = 20 X CE = AC CE = X + 2 CD= X+2 BD+CD = 2X+2 = 24 2X = 22 X =11
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B
A
6-r
r o r r
r+4
r
B
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GEOMETRY
& MENSURATION
ABCD is a square. E is the midpoint of BC. Find the ratio of in-radius of the circle inscribed in the DCE, to the side of the square. AB = BC = CA=DA = 2a In radius of circle = r. Consider DCE. CE = a ::CD = 2a :: DE = 5a s = (3+ 5 ) a/2 DCE = (2a)(a) DCE = (3+5)a r r/ 1 2a = /(3+5)
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2a
E a D 2a c
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GEOMETRY
& MENSURATION
E A
ABC,AB=16,BC=18 &AC = 20. If AD is an internal angular bisector, Find BD ABC, AB=16, BC=18 AC=20.
ABC, internal angular bisector divides the BC in the ratio in the ratio of sides. BD/DC = AB/AC
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GEOMETRY
& MENSURATION
Given ABC is any triangle.AD is external angular bisector of LEAC. BD is internal angular bisector of LABC. What is
A
2z
x B
2y C
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LADB - LACB = 0
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GEOMETRY
& MENSURATION ABC is a right angled triangle LB = 900. AB = 24. BC = 7. AD is external angular bisector, D is a point on BC Extended. Find CD. Let AD be the external angular bisector. Draw BE l to AD
24
LAEB = LABE = X AE = AB = 24 EC = 1
B 7
c CEB |||r CAD CE /EA = CB/BD BD = 168 CD = 175
168
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GEOMETRY
& MENSURATION ABC is a right angled triangle LB = 900. AB = 15. BC = 8. AD is external angular bisector, D is a point on BC Extended. Find CD. Let AD be the external angular bisector. Draw BE parallel to AD
15
LAEB = LABE = X AE = AB = 15 EC = 2
D
60
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E x
xy/(z-x)
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GEOMETRY
& MENSURATION ABC is a right angled triangle LB = 900. AB = 8. BC = 6. AD is external angular bisector, D is a point on BC Extended. Find AD. Let AD be the external angular bisector. Draw BE parallel to AD LAEB = LABE = X AE = AB = 8 EC = 2 CEB |||r CAD CE /EA = CB/BD BD = 24 AD = 640
E
8
24
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GEOMETRY A
& MENSURATION
Area of ABC Let AD be the altitude from A to BC. Sin C= AD/AC = AD/b AD = b Sin C Area of ABC = (BC) (AD) = (a) (AD) = a b Sin C ABC is a triangle with AB = 7 & AC = 5. Given LBAD= LCAD = 600. Find AD. ABD = (7) (AD) Sin 60 ADC = (5) (AD) Sin 60 ABC = (7) (5) Sin 120 ABC = ABD+ ADC = {7(AD)Sin60+5(AD)Sin60} = (7) (5) Sin 120 AD = 35/12
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B D
A
B
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GEOMETRY
A x x
B
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GEOMETRY
& MENSURATION AI, BI & CI are internal angular bisectors of A B & C. ID,IE & IF are in radii. If BF=6, CE=8 and ID = 4. Find AB+AC. ABC = s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) ABC = (14+x)(x)(8)(6) ABC = s r s = 14+x ABC = (14+x) (4) (14+x)(x)(8)(6) = (14+x)2 (16) 48x = (14+x) (16) 3x = (14+x) 2x = 14 :: x = 7 AB+AC = 28
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A I
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E
H
45
Let AD be the altitude ABC = (20) (AD) = 80 AD = 8 units From ABD, BD2 = AB2 AD2 = 102 82 = 36 = 6 DC = 14 From ADC , AC2 = AD2 + DC2 = 82 + 142 = 260 AC = 260
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8 B 6 D C
14
46
20
47
x y D C
8
A
ABC is a right angled triangle. AB = 6 BC = 8 CA = 10 . BE is a median & BD is r from B to AC. Find DE. Let BD & BE be altitude & Median respectively. BE =5.0 (6)(8) = (10)(BD) BD = 4.8 units DE={(5.0)2- (4.8)2} = 1.96 = 1.4
ABC is a right angled triangle. B = 90. BD is r from B to AC. AE = 4 EC = 9 . Find BE. Consider AEB & BEC. AEB = 90 =BEC ABE = =ECB. The other angle must be equal AEB |||r BEC.
BE/
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BE 2 = (AE) (EC)=4*9 :: BE = 6
AE
= EC/BE.
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BE/ AE
ABC is a right angled triangle. B = 90. BE is r from B to AC. Consider AEB & ABC. AEB = 90 =BEC. ABE = =ACB. The other angle must be equal AEB |||r ABC.
AE/ AB
ABC is a right angled triangle. B = 90. BE is r from B to AC. Consider CEB & ABC. CEB = 90 =ABC. CBE = =CAB. The other angle must be equal AEB |||r ABC.
BE/ AB
= AB/AC = BE/BC
= BC/AC = CE/BC
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C
A F S E
In ABC, D, E & F are midpoints of BC, CA & AB. Let L1, L2, L3 represent r passing through D, E, F.L1, L2, L3 are r bisectors of BC, CA & AB.The point of concurrence is s, circumcentre SA SB = SC Circumcentre is equidistant from vertices
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C
51
c
B
b
S
C
A S B
= 2R
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= c/SinC = 2R
2 2 2 COS C = [a + b - c ]/2ab Area of ABC = (3/4) (a2) if ABC is equilateral triangle of side a.
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Let AB = AC AD is Median AD is Internal Angular Bisector AD is Altitude AD is r bisector. ABD = ADC Therefore, in centre, circumcentre, orthocentre , & centroid lie on AD.
C
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Let ABC be an Equilateral triangle. AD, BE & CF are Medians, Altitudes ,r bisectors, & internal angular A bisectors .
E F G
Let AB = AC . AD is Median . AD is Internal Angular Bisector . AD is Altitude AD is r bisector. ABD = ADC Therefore, in centre, circumcentre, 10/11/2012 orthocentre , & centroid lie on AD.
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