SELECTING THE RIGHT REFRIGERANT

Classification of refrigerants
Primary refrigerant Refrigerants that directly take part in the refrigeration. Examples R-12 R-22

ammonia,(R-717) carbon dioxide(R-744)

DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PRIMARY REFRIGERANTS

Halocarbon compounds Azetropes Hydro-carbons Inorganic compounds Unsaturated organic compounds

R-12(Freon)
Dichloro Difluoro methane (CCL2 F2) Refrigerant is a colourless and odourless liquid Boiling point is -29 c uses

Refrigerators, freezers,watercoolers,room air conditioners, rotary compressors

R-22
Mono chloro Difluoro methane (CHCL F2) Refrigerant is a stable, non toxic and non corrosive liquid Boiling point is -41 c uses
House hold Refrigerators, air conditioners, centrifugal compressors

Ammonia (R-717) Refrigerant is a colourless gas Boiling point is -33.3 c uses

Absorbtion systems, Reciprocating compressors

carbon dioxide(R-744)
Refrigerant is a non toxic and non flammable liquid. Efficiency is low Boiling point is -73.6 c

uses
ships and industrial applications

SECONDARY REFRIGERANTS
First cooled by primary refrigerants and then used for cooling purposes. Calcium chloride

used where temperatures below -18 c Process cooling, product freezing and ice creams

Sodium chloride(NaCl)-common salt

Corrosive in nature so limited use only For chilling and freezing of meat, fish etc

Glycols Used as antifreeze elements breweries, food processing, diaries

SEVERAL REFRIGERANTS

Several refrigerants may be used in refrigeration systems such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), ammonia, hydrocarbons (propane, ethane, ethylene, etc.), carbon dioxide, air (in the air-conditioning of aircraft), and even water (in applications above the freezing point).

PROPERTIES OF GOOD REFRIGERANT

Low freezing and boiling point Absorb high latent heat High cop Non explosive Easily mix with oil Non-flammable Easily liquidified Non corrosive Low specific heat of liquid

APPLICATION OF REFRIGERATION

Preserving the food, fruits and drinks for long duration Preserving the flowers, medicines and medical drugs Manufacture ice in ice plants In refineries for removing wax For processing lubricants, rubber and steel Producing frozen foods, ice creams, chemicals and other products

AIR CONDITIONING

AIR CONDITIONING

Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to more favourable conditions. More generally, air conditioning can refer to any form of technological cooling, heating, ventilation, or disinfection that modifies the condition of air.

APPLICATION OF AIR CONDITIONING

Used In Industries Having Tool Room Machines Offices,hotels,buses,cars,aeroplanes For Human Comfort Textile Industries To Control Moisture Printing Press Food Industries, chemical Plants

COMFORT APPLICATIONS

Building indoor environment

Low-rise residential buildings, including single family houses, duplexes, and small apartment buildings High-rise residential buildings, such as tall dormitories and apartment blocks Commercial buildings, which are built for commerce, including offices, malls, shopping centers, restaurants, etc. Institutional buildings, which includes government buildings, hospitals, schools, etc. Industrial spaces where thermal comfort of workers is desired. Sports stadiums: recently, stadiums have been built with air conditioning, In addition to buildings, air conditioning can be used for many types of transportation, including motor-cars, buses and other land vehicles, trains, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft.

PROCESS APPLICATIONS

Hospital operating theatres, Cleanrooms for the production of integrated circuits, pharmaceuticals, Facilities for breeding laboratory animals. Since many animals normally reproduce only in spring, holding them in rooms in which conditions mirror those of spring all year can cause them to reproduce year-round. Environmental control of data centers Textile manufacturing Physical testing facilities Plants and farm growing areas Nuclear power facilities Chemical and biological laboratories Mining Industrial environments Food cooking and processing areas

REQUIREMENTS OF COMFORT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Temperature of air Humidity of air Air motion Air purity Noise

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Dry air Dry air is a theoretical sample of air that has no water vapor. Psychometry Psychrometry is the science of studying the thermodynamic properties of moist air and the use of these properties to analyze conditions and processes involving moist air. Moist air Air that is a mixture of dry air and any amount of water vapor Moisture Moisture refers to the presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts Humidity Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air Relative humidity Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in a mixture of air and water vapor

BASICS
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE The temperature of the air measured by the ordinary thermometer is called as the dry bulb temperature of air, commonlyreferred as DBT. When ordinary thermometer is exposed to the atmosphere, it indicates the dry bulb temperature, which is nothing but the atmospheric temperature. WET BULB TEMPERATURE The wet bulb temperature of air is also measured by the ordinary thermometer, but the only difference is that the bulb of the thermometer is covered by the wet cloth. Temperature of the ordinary air measured by the thermometer when it is covered by wet cloth or wick is called as the wet bulb temperature, commonly referred to as WBT. DEW POINT TEMPERATURE The dew point is the temperature below which the water vapor in a volume of humid air at a constant barometric pressure will condense into liquid water

CLASSIFICATION OF AIR CONDITIONING

According to purpose comfort air conditioning Industrial air conditioning According to season of the year summer air conditioning Winter air conditioning Year round air conditioning t

TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONERS

Room

air conditioners Window air conditioners Central air conditioners

WINDOW AIR CONDITIONERS

Hermatic compressor