Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Data
Facts or observation about physical phenomena or business transactions. More specifically, data are objective measurements of the attributes of entities such as people, place, things & events.
Information
Information is data placed in a meaningful and useful context for an end user.
Information Technology
Hardware, software, telecommunications, DB management, & other information processing technologies used in computer-based IS
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System System is a set of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives. Information systems A set of people, procedures, & resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization. A system that accepts data resources as input and processes them into information products as output. Computer based IS; An IS that uses computer H/W & S/W to perform its information processing activities. IS can be any organized combination of People, Hardware, Software, Comm. networks, & data recourses that stores & retrieves, transforms, & disseminates information in an organization. 2
IT includes internet based IS, are playing a vital & expanding role in business. IT can help in all kinds of business, to improve the efficiency & effectiveness of their business processes, managerial decision Making, & workgroup collaboration, thus strengthening their competitive positions in a rapidly changing market place.
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Mgt Challenges
Business applications
IS
Foundation concept
Process of IS
All IS operate in the same basic fashion whether they include a computer or not. There are four stages of operations in the process of IS. They areEntering data into the IS Changing and manipulating the data in the IS Getting information out of the IS Storing the information and data
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COMPONENTS OF IS;
People resources system activities Control of system performance Data resources Software resources
H/W resource
Network resources
Organization Technology
IS
Management
1. IS is an important instrument for creating value for the organization 2. IS increasing the firms ROI and increasing the value of the firms stock 3. IS supports mgt DM, and enhance the execution of business process , as a result increases the business value
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Strategic Management
Information
Unstructured decision
Tactical Management
Semi-Structured decision
Operational Management
Structured decision
Semi-structured
Structured
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Characteristics of Information
Accessible Accurate Simple Reliable Flexible Complete Relevant Secure Timely Verifiable
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IS
TPS
MIS
DSS
EIS
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information Technology refers to various H/W components necessary for the systems to operate Computer based IS use of IT; Computer H/W Technologies Computer S/W Technologies Telecommunication Network Technologies Data Resources Management Technologies
BUSINESS APPLICATIONS
The major uses of IS for the operations, management, & competitive Advantages of a business, Example; Marketing IS Mfg IS ERP CRM Accounting IS E-commerce & DSS
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DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES
Business professionals & information specialists plan, develop, & implement IS to meet business opportunities. The process of developing a companys business vision strategies, &goals, & how they will be supporting by the companys IT architectures & implemented By its business application development process. Examples; System development life cycle Prototyping approaches to business applications development
MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
Computer crime Privacy issues Employment challenges Working condition Individuality Health issues Societal solution
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Organization and Information systems Changing environment and its impact on Business
Business operations Managerial decision making Strategic competitive advantage Efficiency and effectiveness Enabling entirely new processes
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Information Systems (IS) all components and resources necessary to deliver information and information processing functions to the organization Information Technology (IT) various hardware components necessary for the system to operate
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Figure 3-1
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What Is an Organization?
Organization:
Stable, formal social structure Takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs
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Collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities Delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict
Conflict resolution
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Figure 3-3
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Common Features of Organizations All organizations have some similar structural features.
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Shared Features of all Organizations: Clear division of labor Hierarchy Explicit rules and procedures Impartial judgments
Table 3-1
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Organizational Culture
What products the organization should produce How and where it should be produced
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Structures
Goals Constituencies Leadership styles Tasks Surrounding environments
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Organizations and environments have a reciprocal relationship. Organizations are open to, and dependent on, the social and physical environment. Organizations can influence their environments.
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Organizing the IT Function The information systems department is responsible for maintaining:
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Figure 3-6
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Figure 1-2
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Figure 1-6
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Roles of IS in Business
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Outcome
Enhance Efficiency
Outcome
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Figure 13-2
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Types of Decisions
Unstructured decisions: Novel, non-routine decisions requiring judgment and insights
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Types of Decisions (Continued) Structured decisions: Routine decisions with definite procedures Examples: Restock inventory; determine special offers to customers
Semistructured decisions: Only part of decision has clear-cut answers provided by accepted procedures
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Systems for Decision Support There are four kinds of systems that support the different levels and types of decisions: Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision-Support Systems (DSS) Executive Support Systems (ESS) Group Decision-Support Systems (GDSS)
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Figure 2-2
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Basic business systems that serve the operational level A computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to the conduct of the business
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Figure 2-3
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Figure 2-4
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Management level
Inputs: High volume transaction level data
Figure 2-5
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Figure 2-6
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Management level
Inputs: Transaction level data
Processing: Interactive
Outputs: Decision analysis Users: Professionals, staff Example: Contract cost analysis
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Figure 2-7
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Figure 2-8
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Top Level Management Designed to the individual senior manager Ties CEO to all levels Very expensive to keep up Extensive support staff
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Figure 2-9
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